地塞米松磷酸钠温度敏感原位凝胶释药与溶蚀行为的影响因素考察

目的:制备泊洛沙姆温度敏感原位凝胶,考察地塞米松磷酸钠(DSP)在其中的释放行为以及影响释放的因素。方法:以PluronicF127和F68为材料,DSP为模型药物制备温度敏感原位凝胶并测定胶凝温度。采用无膜溶出法和HPLC法测定DSP的释放行为;考察释放介质的接触面积、体积、pH值及振荡频率对DSP释放的影响。测定凝胶的溶蚀行为及其对药物释放的影响。结果:胶凝温度随F127浓度增大而升高,释放介质的接触面积、体积、振荡频率对药物的释放速率有显著影响,释放介质的pH对药物释放速率无显著影响。DSP的释放和凝胶的溶蚀遵循零级动力学方程,释放量随溶蚀量增加而增加,二者间存在线性关系。结论:DSP温度敏感原位凝胶的缓释效果良好,凝胶溶蚀速率、凝胶与释放介质的接触面积是控制药物释放的主要因素。     

喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的 制备喷昔洛韦(penciclovir,PCV)温度敏感原位凝胶,对其进行了处方优化筛选,并建立其质量控制方法.方法 考察含有不同泊洛沙姆407(Pluronic F127)和泊洛沙姆188(Pluronic F68)浓度配比的处方对原位凝胶胶凝温度、流变学性质、质构特性和体外药物释放行为等的影响,从而设计和优化处方.结果 得到最佳凝胶基质组成为19%F127/0.3%F68,其胶凝温度33.7℃;达到34℃时粘度和胶凝强度明显增大;PCV自凝胶中的释放具有一定的缓释效果.结论 喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶有望开发成为一种新型眼部给药制剂.     

盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶的研究

本文以泊洛沙姆F127为主要基质材料,复合使用泊洛沙姆F68和高分子材料羟丙基甲基纤维素K4M,制备盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶。对凝胶的胶凝温度、流变学、质构特性、电镜结构和体外释放等性能进行了研究,并考察了该制剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果表明,制备的盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶在常温下为流动的液体,在人体温度下能够发生相转变,成为具有一定胶凝强度的半固体,方便注射给药,胶凝后呈现三维网状空间结构,药物的扩散和凝胶材料的溶蚀为控制药物释放的主要因素。该制剂具有明显的缓释作用,在大鼠体内可以持续释放48 h以上。     

喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及评价（英文）

目的研制以普朗尼克F127为主要基质的喷昔洛韦制剂,以提高其眼部生物利用度。方法通过将HPMC K4M或卡波姆934P与普朗尼克F127复合使用,制备了喷昔洛韦的温度敏感原位凝胶。以胶凝温度、流变学、药物释放特性、药代动力学及眼部刺激性等为指标进行筛选,得到最优化处方。结果使用HPMC K4M或者卡波姆934P均能降低凝胶的胶凝温度,略微增加其粘度,延缓体系中药物的释放速率;药物释放为非Fick扩散;所有处方均未表现出眼部刺激或对角膜的损伤;含卡波姆934P和普朗尼克F127的凝胶体系的眼部生物利用度最高。结论含普朗尼克F127的喷昔洛韦制剂能够以滴眼液的形式给药,而达到眼部温度时可形成凝胶;体内外评价结果表明,含有HPMC K4M或卡波姆934P以及低浓度普朗尼克F127（12%）的喷昔洛韦制剂,提高了药物在眼部的生物利用度,是一种很有前景的眼部给药系统。     

以黄原胶为助悬剂的Pluronic温敏原位凝胶的处方筛选与初步评价

以减少药物沉降、再分散性良好和不对原位凝胶温敏性产生不利影响为主要筛选指标,考察了难溶性药物奥硝唑的温敏原位凝胶中泊洛沙姆和助悬剂黄原胶用量等处方因素,筛选得到一种药物能稳定混悬、具有良好流变学性质和温敏性适宜的泊洛沙姆-助悬剂复配方案.所得最优处方为黄原胶0.1%,Pluronic F127 16%,Pluronic F68 1%,奥硝唑10%,氯化钠0.5%,尼泊金乙酯0.2%.制品凝胶化温度35.9℃,凝胶硬度适宜,药物沉降缓慢,再分散性和热稳定性良好.     

温度敏感性壬苯醇醚阴道用缓释凝胶的制备与评价

目的：制备以聚丙烯酸类为基本材料的温度敏感性壬苯醇醚阴道用缓释凝胶，建立温度敏感性阴道用缓释凝胶剂的体内外评价方法。方法：采用均匀试验设计，考察了泊洛沙姆F127和F68对凝胶化温度及25℃时和37℃时的黏度变化的影响，筛选出优化组合；加入聚丙烯酸类材料制备凝胶，进行显微观察、释放度、灌流冲洗量、黏度与黏附力评价；大鼠阴道内给予优化处方与国外产品，测定阴道冲洗液中药物的质量浓度。结果：温度敏感性材料优化组合为：泊洛沙姆F127的质量分数为18．2％，泊洛沙姆F68的质量分数为8．8％，制备的凝胶在大鼠阴道滞留时间可达12h以上，室温下有较好的流动性。结论：温度敏感性壬苯醇醚阴道用缓释凝胶具有良好的体外释放性能、温度敏感黏附性能及阴道内滞留性能。     

硫普罗宁眼用原位凝胶的研制

目的筛选硫普罗宁温度敏感型眼用原位凝胶最优处方,提高药物在角膜前的滞留时间。方法以胶凝温度、凝胶溶蚀量、体外药物释放度、离体角膜透过性为考察指标,设计和优化处方;以家兔为受试动物,考察硫普罗宁在角膜的滞留时间、刺激性及稳定性。结果含有质量分数0.2%透明质酸钠的硫普罗宁原位凝胶具有适宜的胶凝温度和一定的缓释作用,其角膜表观透过系数为15.43 cm.s-1,角膜前滞留时间为130 min;刺激性、稳定性符合眼用制剂要求。结论硫普罗宁眼用原位凝胶延长了药物在眼部的作用时间,达到了缓释的目的。     

注射用粉防己碱温敏型缓释原位凝胶的制备

目的 制备以泊洛沙姆407(P407)为基本材料的注射用粉防己碱温敏型缓释原位凝胶,并考察其体外溶出行为.方法 采用冷溶法制备凝胶,以胶凝温度为指标,考察单独使用P407和加入其他辅料F188、PEG1500、HPMC、MC对胶凝温度的影响;采用无膜溶出法考察凝胶的体外溶蚀和释放行为,并采用HPLC测定溶出液中药物的含量,筛选较优处方.结果 胶凝温度随P407浓度的增大而降低;且当P407浓度低于15％时不发生相转变,辅料F188、PEG1500、MC的加入不能制备出符合要求的凝胶;8.0％、8.5％ 、9.0％ HPMC分别与8.0％ P407 混昆合制备凝胶的胶凝温度符合要求;HPMC浓度越高,药物释放越快,8.0％ HPMC和8.0％ P407混合后,胶凝温度和缓释效果均符合实验要求.结论 筛选出的处方中大大降低了P407的浓度,同时胶凝温度和缓释效果均符合实验要求,该温敏性凝胶具有良好的温度敏感性,制备方法简单可行.     

诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及体外释放度研究

摘 要 目的：制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,并考察其体外药物释放行为。方法: 以泊洛沙姆为基质,采用冷溶法制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,考察泊洛沙姆407与泊洛沙姆188的用量对胶凝相变温度的影响,采用星点设计 效应面法优化其处方,并考察其体外药物释放行为。结果: 在一定浓度范围内,随着泊洛沙姆407用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐降低,随着泊洛沙姆188用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐升高,通过优化得到诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的最佳处方为：泊洛沙姆407的浓度为20.6%（w/v）,泊洛沙姆188的浓度为5.7%（w/v）,在温度为36.5 ℃以上可发生胶凝。药物在温度敏感原位凝胶中呈持续缓慢释放,6 h药物的累积释放度为87.5%±5.4%。结论: 诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,可以延缓药物释放,有望开发成为一种新型阴道给药制剂。     

伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及性能研究

目的研制伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶并考察其性能。方法以伊曲康唑(ITZ)为模型药物,泊洛沙姆为基质采用冷溶法制备伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶(TISG)。采用试管倒转法测定胶凝化温度(Tg),星点设计-效应面法优化ITZ-TISG处方工艺,旋转流变仪测定其流变学特性。并采用无膜溶出法考察ITZ-TISG溶蚀释药特性。结果通过星点设计-效应面法筛选出最佳处方为16.3%泊洛沙姆407、1.5%泊洛沙姆188、0.31%海藻酸钠。采用试管倒转法测得最优处方所制备的ITZ-TISG的Tg为25℃,经模拟阴道液稀释后的Tg为35℃,与流变仪测得的结果基本一致。在35℃时,ITZ-TISG经阴道模拟液稀释后仍具有较强的黏弹特性。ITZ-TISG的体外溶蚀释药符合零级动力学模型。结论星点设计-效应面法优化ITZTISG处方所建立的模型具有良好的预测性。所优化的ITZ-TISG在给药时流动性好,给药后可在阴道生理温度下快速胶凝形成原位凝胶,并具有缓慢溶蚀释放药物的特性,可满足阴道用药设计要求。     

Thermoreversible mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ hydrogel: Design and optimization using a combination of polymers

The purpose of the study was to develop an optimized thermoreversible in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on Pluronic F 127, containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug. A 3(2) full factorial design was employed with two polymers: Pluronic F 68 and Gelrite as independent variables used in combination with Pluronic F 127. Gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force, viscosity and in vitro drug release after 1 and 10 h were selected as dependent variables. Pluronic F 68 loading with Pluronic F 127 was found to have a significant effect on gelation temperature of the formulation and to be of importance for gel formation at temperatures 33-36 °C. Gelrite loading showed a positive effect on bioadhesion force and gel strength and was also found helpful in controling the release rate of the drug. The quadratic mathematical model developed is applicable to predicting formulations with desired gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force and drug release properties.     

Chitosan in situ gelation for improved drug loading and retention in poloxamer 407 gels

A method for the in situ gelation of poloxamers and the mucoadhesive polymer chitosan has been developed by exploiting the tendency of poloxamer solution to form gel at physiological temperatures and of chitosan (CT) to form ionotropic gel structures in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Novel poloxamer gels containing CT-TPP complex formed in situ during the administration were prepared by mixing poloxamer-CT and poloxamer-TPP solutions in double syringes. The micellization and gelation of poloxamer 407 in the presence of chitosan and/or TPP were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and tube inversion; both additives were found to reduce the critical micellization temperature and critical gelation temperature of poloxamer aqueous solution. The poloxamer gels containing CT-TPP complex formed in situ were found to exhibit reduced dissolution rate and superior release characteristics with three different drugs--metoprolol, doxycycline and flufenamic acid. Furthermore, by varying the compositions of the two solutions independently, it is possible to control the pH in a way to suit the solubilization of a drug as well as the specific environment of a particular application site. By varying the concentrations of chitosan, TPP and poloxamer, the delivery system can be fine-tuned to afford gels with specific properties, ranging from nanoparticle suspensions to semisolid gels. These in situ gels have the potential to increase the utility of thermo-reversible poloxamers in drug delivery.     

丙烯酸-泊洛沙姆407共聚物的合成及其原位胶凝性质

目的制备丙烯酸和泊洛沙姆407构成的共聚物,研究其温度敏感的原位胶凝性质。方法将泊洛沙姆407溶于丙烯酸单体,引发聚合反应,产物用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱表征。用旋转黏度计测定共聚物水溶液的黏度随温度的变化。以维生素B12为模型药物,研究药物的释放性质。结果较低浓度的丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物水溶液具有受热原位胶凝的性质,其胶凝特征与共聚物的组成、浓度、溶液pH等有关,共聚物凝胶可延缓药物释放。结论丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物可望应用于黏膜给药的原位凝胶递药系统。     

Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive in situ gel based on poloxamer as new carrier for rectal administration of nimesulide

Poloxamer 407 has excellent thermo-sensitive gelling properties. Nevertheless, these gels possess inadequate poor bioadhesiveness and high permeability to water, which limited its' application as a thermoresponsive matrix. The main aim of the present investigation was to develop thermosensitive and mucoadhesive rectal in situ gel of nimesulide (NM) by using mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate (Alg-Na) and HPMC. These gels were prepared by addition of mucoadhesive polymers (0.5%) to the formulations of thermosensitive gelling solution containing poloxamer 407 (18%) and nimesulide (2.0%). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to modify gelation temperature and drug release properties. The gelation temperature and drug release rate of the prepared in situ gels were evaluated. Gelation temperature was significantly increased with incorporation of nimesulide (2.0%) in the poloxamer solution, while the addition of the mucoadhesive polymers played a reverse role on gelation temperature. The addition of PEG polymers increased the gelation temperature and the drug release rate. Among the formulations examined, the poloxamer 407/nimesulide/sodium alginate/PEG 4000 (18/2.0/0.5/1.2%) exhibited the appropriate gelation temperature, acceptable drug release rate and rectal retention at the administration site. Furthermore, the micrographic results showed that in situ gel, given at the dose of 20mg/kg, was safe for no mucosa irritation. In addition, it resulted in significantly higher initial serum concentrations, C(max) and AUC of NM compared to the solid suppository.     

利巴韦林温度-离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶喷雾剂的制备及体外性质考察

目的制备具有适宜临界相变温度和临界相变阳离子强度,及适宜的喷雾粒度、使用方便、缓慢释放药物的温度-离子敏感复合型鼻用原位凝胶。方法以临界相变温度、临界相变阳离子强度、喷雾粒度为考察指标筛选温敏及离子敏材料的用量,制备利巴韦林温度-离子敏感复合型原位凝胶。以透析袋法评价该复合凝胶的凝胶外排水量、溶蚀速率、体外释放度,并以断裂距离为指标评价凝胶的黏膜黏附力。结果以质量分数为0.3%的去乙酰化结冷胶和质量分数为18.0%的泊洛沙姆407制备的温度-离子敏感复合型原位凝胶,临界相变温度为32.6℃,临界相变阳离子强度为93.4 mmol.kg-1,喷雾粒度为68.0μm,凝胶外排水质量分数为(13.8±0.8)%,溶蚀速度常数为1×10-4min-1,断裂距离为(1.60±0.06)mm。该混合凝胶具有良好的体外缓释特征。结论该复合型原位凝胶剂适宜作为水溶性药物的鼻用缓释载体。     

Development and characterization of thermosensitive pluronic-based metronidazole in situ gelling formulations for vaginal application

The purpose of this study was to develop pluronic-based in situ gelling formulations of metronidazole (MTZ) for treatment of bacterial vaginosis, aimed at prolonging the residence time, controlling drug release, enhancing efficacy, decreasing recurrence, and increasing patient compliance. The in situ gel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of pluronic F-127 (PF-127) alone and in combination with pluronic F-68 (PF-68). The prepared formulations were evaluated for their gelation temperature (T(gel)), in vitro drug release, rheological properties, mucoadhesion properties and tolerability by vaginal mucosa in tissue levels. The T(gel) decreased with increasing PF-127 concentration. The T(gel) was modulated by addition of PF-68 to be within the acceptable range of 25-37 °C. With increasing pluronic concentration, the in vitro drug release decreased, viscosity and mucoadhesive force increased. Histopathological examination of rabbit vaginas from the control and treated groups revealed normal histology of the vagina and cervix. Based on the in vitro evaluation of prepared formulations, the in situ gelling liquid formulated with PF-127/PF-68 (20/10 %, m/m) was selected for further clinical evaluation.     

硝酸毛果芸香碱温敏凝胶的研制及溶蚀性能研究

目的制备硝酸毛果芸香碱温敏凝胶,考察其载药凝胶溶蚀行为。方法以泊洛沙姆为温敏凝胶基质制备硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶,通过凝胶相变温度筛选最佳处方,采用无膜溶蚀实验研究凝胶释药特性。结果18%、19%、20%的泊洛沙姆407溶液在体温范围内发生相变形成凝胶,其pH≈7,凝胶中硝酸毛果芸香碱释放速度分别为0.462、0.393、0.294 mg.min-1。结论18%-20%泊洛沙姆407溶液适合作为眼部给药的温敏凝胶基质,凝胶中药物释放基本符合零级释放行为。     

Influence of lecithin on some physical chemical properties of poloxamer gels: rheological, microscopic and in vitro permeation studies

Thermoreversible gels may be used in delivery systems which require a sol-gel transition at body temperature. The influence of the addition of lecithin, a permeation enhancer, on the rheological and in vitro permeation properties of poloxamer 407 gels was investigated. Light microscopy and rheological parameters were used to characterize the microscopic structure of the formulations which showed non Newtonian behaviour, pseudoplastic flow with a yield value. Increased concentrations of lecithin increased the thixotropy, yield value, apparent viscosity, and the gelation temperature of the gels. Light microscopy showed the formation of micellar structures by the addition of lecithin, which may account for changes in rheological properties. In vitro permeation of a model drug, triamcinolone acetonide, was decreased when the lecithin concentration was increased. The presence of lecithin in the poloxamer gel improved the characteristics for topical drug delivery.