血管内超声成像在冠状动脉内支架植入术中的应用评价

目的探讨血管内超声成像(IVUS)在冠状动脉内支架植入术中的作用。方法用IVUS对44例行冠状动脉内支架植入治疗的患者进行评价,测量支架扩张前、扩张后和高压球囊再次扩张后的最小管腔直径、最小管腔面积、总截面积、斑块面积和面积狭窄率,观察扩张后支架是否贴壁、支架扩张是否充分及支架长度是否足够。结果在首次扩张后,仅有4处病变的IVUS结果符合理想的支架植入标准,40处病变未达到理想标准中有35处进行了高压球囊再次扩张,支架内的最小管腔面积由首次扩张后的(7·3±1·7)mm2增加至最终的(9·2±1·5)mm2(P<0·001);扩张术后最小管腔直径、最小管腔面积、总截面积增加,斑块面积缩小,面积狭窄率降低,差异有统计学意义。最终有22处病变(50%)达到IVUS支架植入理想标准。结论IVUS能指导支架的植入和实时评价手术的效果;对于首次扩张后造影结果满意但IVUS结果不理想的病变,在IVUS指导下的更高压力(14~16atm)扩张可使50%的病变进一步得到改善。     

压力导丝在冠状动脉内支架置入中的意义

目的　通过与血管内超声 ( IVUS)相比较 ,探讨压力导丝在评价冠脉内支架置入即刻效果 ,指导优化支架置入中的作用。方法　 5 1例患者置入冠脉内支架后先后予血管内超声和压力导丝检测判断是否达到相应的理想支架置入标准。若未达标准 ,则进一步采用更高压力同样球囊或更大球囊再扩张。结果　支架置入后 IVUS判断 3 1例达到标准 ,不需再扩张 ,15例不满意者再扩张支架 ,支架内截面积增加 2 4 .3 % ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,最终 4 1例 ( 89% )得到满意 IVUS,5例因超声导管未跨过支架无超声资料 ;压力导丝检测 3 5例达到标准 ,不需再扩张 ,16例不满意者再扩张支架最终 4 5例 ( 88% )得到满意结果 (心肌部分血流储备 ,FFRmyo>0 .90 )。血管内超声和压力导丝两者在判定理想支架置入方面有很好的相关性 ,符合率达 90 %。以血管内超声检测作金标准 ,应用受试者工作特性曲线 ( ROC)计算心肌部分血流储备 FFRmyo预测理想支架置入的最佳临界点为 0 .90。结论　压力导丝是指导冠脉支架置入更方便、安全的有效手段 ,有广泛推广应用的价值     

压力导丝在冠状动脉内支架置人中的意义

目的通过与血管内超声(IVUS)相比较,探讨压力导丝在评价冠脉内支架置入即刻效果,指导优化支架置入中的作用.方法51例患者王入冠脉内支架后先后予血管内超声和压力导丝检测判断是否达到相应的理想支架置入标准.若未达标准,则进一步采用更高压力同样球囊或更大球囊再扩张.结果支架置入后IVUS判断31例达到标准,不需再扩张,15例不满意者再扩张支架,支架内截面积增加24.3%(P<0.05),最终41例(89%)得到满意IVUS,5例因超声导管未跨过支架无超声资料;压力导丝检测35例达到标准,不需再扩张,16例不满意者再扩张支架最终45例(88%)得到满意结果(心肌部分血流储备,FFRmyo>0.90).血管内超声和压力导丝两者在判定理想支架置入方面有很好的相关性,符合率达90%.以血管内超声检测作金标准,应用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)计算心肌部分血流储备FFRmyo预测理想支架王入的最佳临界点为0.90.结论压力导丝是指导冠脉支架置入更方便、安全的有效手段,有广泛推广应用的价值.     

血管内超声用于外周动脉狭窄诊断、治疗的临床价值

目的评价血管内超声(intravascular ultrasound,IVUS)对外周动脉狭窄的诊断和血管内介入治疗的价值。方法选择2006年10月至2010年9月西南医院心内科诊断为外周动脉狭窄的住院患者94例,其中男性58例,女性36例,年龄26~77(58.4±18.3)岁。将患者分为数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)组(行DSA检查,43例)及DSA+IVUS组(行DSA及IVUS检查,51例),对2种检查结果进行比较。分别在DSA及IVUS指导下置入支架,并观察支架置入效果。术后采用普通超声、CTA随访,必要时再次行DSA及IVUS检查。结果 DSA+IVUS组中DSA检测发现狭窄血管77处,其中偏心性狭窄42处,向心性狭窄35处;IVUS检测发现狭窄血管82处,其中偏心性斑块63处,向心性斑块19处。直径狭窄率IVUS所测值[(67.1±12.2)%]显著高于DSA[(54.5±11.4)%](P<0.05)。面积狭窄率IVUS所测值[(89.3±12.3)%]显著高于DSA[(77.1±13.1)%](P<0.05)。DSA+IVUS组支架置入治疗82处血管病变,DSA组支架置入治疗53处血管病变,支架置入均获成功。经3~48个月随访,DSA组再狭窄率[15.1%(8/53)]显著高于DSA+IVUS组[3.7%(3/82)(P<0.05)]。结论 IVUS比DSA能更准确地判定病变性质及狭窄程度,更有效地指导和评估支架置入。     

血管内超声指导急性冠脉综合征临界病变介入治疗临床研究

目的探讨血管内超声指导下急性冠脉综合征（ACS）临界病变介入治疗疗效,评价血管内超声（IVUS）在急性冠脉综合征临界病变介入治疗中的作用。方法ACS经冠状动脉造影显示狭窄程度在40%～70%的临界病变患者,根据IVUS测定的罪犯病变最小血管腔面积小于4mm2作为介入干预的标准,31例行介入干预的患者作为病例组。测量该组患者支架扩张前、扩张后和高压球囊再次扩张后的最小管腔直径、最小管腔面积、总截面积、斑块面积和面积狭窄率,观察扩张后支架是否贴壁。同期未行IVUS检查而行介入干预的临界病变患者31例作为对照组。所有入选患者于入选后的第1、3、6和12月给予临床随访,记录患者不良事件（再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、死亡）情况。于第10～12月行CAG和IVUS检查,观察支架内膜增生情况及有否支架内血栓征象。以CAG或IVUS显示支架置入成功并随访期间无心血管事件（心肌梗死、靶病变再次冠脉成形术以及心衰或死亡）发生为手术成功。结果病例组31例患者的32处靶病变支架植入成功后行IVUS检查提示28处（87.5%）支架存在贴壁不完全。再次以更高的压力（18～20atm）或换用另一高压球囊扩张,最终均达到了IVUS支架植入理想标准。术中未见与冠脉介入和IVUS相关的并发症。术后10～12个月病例组22例患者行CAG和IVUS复查,CAG结果无一例患者出现支架内再狭窄。IVUS结果未发现局部支架内血栓征象,支架内均有不同程度的内膜增生,增生内膜负荷量无统计学差异。最小支架内管腔面积与第一次植入支架相比差异亦无统计学意义[（10.12&#177;1.15）mm2vs（8.98&#177;2.12）mm2,P〉0.05]。对照组31例支架植入后CAG提示贴壁良好。术后3～6月3例患者临床出现心绞痛,CAG结果提示3例患者出现再狭窄,IVUS检测结果这3例患者均存在支架贴壁不良。结论IVUS比CAG能更有效地指导ACS临界病变支架的植入和实时评价手术效果;在IVUS指导下的高压力（18～20atm）球囊后扩张可使87.5%贴壁不良的病变进一步得到改善。IVUS指导的ACS临界病变支架植入获得较高的即时成功率和远期成功率。     

预先更高压力充分扩张支架后再行IVUS检查30例结果分析

目的血管内超声(IVUS)揭示球囊扩张再狭窄的主要机制是血管弹性回缩和血管重塑、裸金属支架再狭窄的主要机制是新生内膜增生,随着药物涂层支架的使用,IVUS在心血管介入领域的价值发生了巨大变化。IVUS不仅能提供管腔狭窄情况,还能提供管壁的结构特征、斑块性质及分支开口有无病变等重要信息,IVUS对介入治疗的发展起到了指导性作用。但IVUS不能大规模应用于临床。利用IVUS作为“金标准”评价已经预先高压充分扩张支架的效果,推广应用“高压释放支架”的观念。方法30例冠心病患者择期置入34枚支架。按支架:血管直径为1.0- 1．1:1．0比例选择支架,先按支架释放命名压扩张支架,进行造影后视结果后以150%-200%命名压高压释放支架,部分病变压力达22-24atm。在支架置入后即进行IVUS检查,评价进行预先高压充分扩张支架的效果。同时进行临床随访,观察近期及远期效果。结果支架置入成功率为100％．,临床成功率为100％,IVUS显示:支架后即刻面积为(7．3±1．1)mm2、支架良好贴壁、无夹层发生。结论在无IVUS条件下,应用“高压释放支架”的策略可达到与IVUS指导作用相当效果。     

血管内超声用于颈动脉狭窄诊治的研究

目的 评价血管内超声(IVUS)对颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄的诊断和血管内介入治疗的价值.方法 本院超声检查显示颈动脉狭窄住院患者17例进行选择性颈动脉造影术(CA)和颈动脉IVUS检查,通过IVUS检查了解病变斑块性质与特征及计算病变血管最大狭窄程度,并对这两种检查结果 进行比较.在IVUS指导下支架植入,并观察支架植入前后血管形态学改变.结果 CA检测发现狭窄血管21处,偏心性狭窄9处,向心性狭窄12处;IVUS检测发现狭窄血管22处,偏心性斑块17处,向心性斑块5处.病变最窄处血管直径狭窄率IVUS所测值显著高于CA,分别为(66.9±11.2)%与(53.5±12.4)%,两者比较差异有统计学意艾(P<0.05).病变最窄处血管面积狭窄率IVUS所测值显著高于CA,分别为(89.2±12.9)%与(76.1±13.1)%(P<0.05).颈动脉狭窄支架成形术(CAS)治疗20处血管病变,支架植入均获成功.结论 对于CA显示的狭窄病变,IVUS能更准确地判定管腔形态、病变性质及狭窄程度,更有效地指导和评估支架植入.     

血管内超声指导下对小血管病变的介入治疗

目的：对血管内超声（IVUS）指导下对小血管病变的介入治疗效果予以研究分析。方法选用单支小血管病变患者200例,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中,接受血管内超声（IVUS）指导下介入治疗的患者110例（Ⅰ组）,接受冠状动脉造影（CAU）指导下介入治疗的患者90例（Ⅱ组）。对2组患者的病变特点、介入治疗、术后心脏不良事件等相关指标予以对比研究。结果2组患者的介入治疗均显示成功,其中I组置入支架156枚;11组置入支架184枚;Ⅰ组置入支架直径为（2.48±0.25）mm,Ⅱ组置入支架直径为（2.32±0.31）mm;Ⅰ组支架长度为（26.36±6.54）mm,Ⅱ组支架长度为（36.43±9.75）mm;Ⅰ组支架高压后扩张率为90.91%（100/110）,高压后扩张率为55.56（50/90）;Ⅰ组支架内再狭窄发生率为1.82%（2/110）,Ⅱ组支架内再狭窄发生率为7.78%（7/90）;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在串联支架上,I组串联支架42例,Ⅱ组串联支架66例,二者差异无统计学意义。对出院的患者分期于术后1、3、6个月予以随访,随访结果表明,2组患者在术后均未出现不良心脏问题。结论在小血管病变中,通过对患者应用介入治疗IVUS,具有较好的临床治疗指导作用,值得在临床上推广应用。     

冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄发生机制的血管内超声观察

目的:应用冠状动脉造影(CAG)及血管内超声(IVUS)研究冠脉内支架术后再狭窄的发生机制. 方法:以成功留置冠脉内支架,于6 mo后进行复查的92名患者118处病变(其中前降支53处病变、回旋支32处病变、右冠状动脉33处病变)为对象,进行CAG及IVUS检查,以CAG直径狭窄率≥50%为支架内再狭窄. 根据冠状动脉造影结果将患者分为支架再狭窄组(39例)和无再狭窄组(79例),通过IVUS观察两组冠脉内支架术后及随访时参考段血管面积、最小支架截面积、最小血管内膜腔截面积、新生内膜面积、支架体积及新生内膜体积. 结果:两组支架置入术后即刻及随访时参考段血管面积、最小支架截面积、支架体积无显著性差异 (P>0.01),随访时再狭窄组最小血管内膜腔截面积较无再狭窄组明显减小[(2.3±1.1) mm2 vs (5.4±1.8) mm2, P＜0.01];而新生内膜面积及体积较无再狭窄组明显增大[(4.7±1.5)mm2 vs (1.6±0.8) mm2, (121.1±31.9) mm3 vs (54.3±11.4) mm3, P<0.01]. 结论:支架内再狭窄主要以内膜增生为主,而与血管重构及支架弹性回缩无明显关系.     

血管内超声与冠状动脉造影对指导冠状动脉支架置入术的对比研究

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)支架置入术中的指导价值。方法选择2012年4月至2013年12月南昌市第一医院收治的需行支架置入术的冠心病患者120例,按随机数字表法分为IVUS指导下治疗的IVUS组及冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导下的CAG组,每组60例,比较两组患者支架置入情况及术后12个月的随访结果。结果 CAG组支架置入率显著低于IVUS组[76.7%(46/60)比93.3%(56/60),P<0.05];术后IVUS检查CAG组支架不达标率为13.0%(6/46),IVUS组为5.4%(3/56),两组不达标率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CAG组及IVUS组两组术后平均支架直径分别为(4.0±0.6)mm,(4.2±0.6)mm,两者术后平均支架直径比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12个月随访结果,临床心绞痛复发率、再狭窄率、心脏事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 IVUS可以更好地识别组织学特征以及辨别粥样斑块性质,从而提高支架置入的成功率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.