帕罗西汀联合曲唑酮治疗抑郁症患者睡眠障碍临床效果观察

目的观察帕罗西汀与曲唑酮联合用药对抑郁症患者睡眠障碍的临床治疗效果。方法选取98例确诊抑郁症引起睡眠障碍的患者为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组联合应用帕罗西汀及曲唑酮,对照组单独应用帕罗西汀治疗。疗程8周,比较2组治疗效果和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后2组患者的HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),观察组起效更快,疗效更好。经过8周治疗后,观察组患者治愈率、治疗总有效率均较对照组显著偏高(P<0.05)。2组比较,服药后不良反应发生率不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。结论帕罗西汀联合曲唑酮对抑郁症患者睡眠障碍起效快、疗效显著。且曲唑酮联合治疗法对抑郁症患者的深度睡眠改善显著,不良反应少,值得临床推广使用。     

帕罗西汀联合无抽搐电休克治疗难治性抑郁症的临床研究

目的 评价帕罗西汀联合无抽搐电休克（MECT）治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及不良反应.方法 将符合入组标准的80例患者随机分为联合治疗组（研究组）和帕罗西汀组（对照组）,共观察6周,分别于治疗前和治疗后第1、2、4、6周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定临床疗效,采用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应.结果 治疗结束时研究组有效率显著高于对照组（分别为65.0％和42.5％,P＜0.01）.研究组治疗后第1周末起HAMD评分显著降低（P＜0.05）,而对照组治疗后第2周末起HAMD评分显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后第2周末起HAMD评分研究组低于对照组（P＜0.05）.两组总体不良反应发生率比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,在头痛、性功能障碍方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 帕罗西汀联合MECT治疗难活性抑郁症疗效显著,起效快,优于单用帕罗西汀治疗.     

维生素D治疗抑郁症的增效作用

目的 比较帕罗西汀联合维生素D与帕罗西汀联合安慰剂治疗抑郁症的效果.方法 将50例抑郁症患者随机分成两组,研究组25例给予帕罗西汀联合维生素D,对照组25例给予帕罗西汀和安慰剂,进行为期8周的双盲安慰剂对照的随机分组研究.采用24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和不良反应量表(TESS)评定临床疗效和不良反应,以电化学发光法测定受试者基础血清维生素D水平.结果 共有48例受试完成试验.治疗8周后,研究组和对照组患者的显效率分别为87.5％(21/24)和75.0％(18/24),差异有统计学意义(X2＝10.71,P＜0.05).治疗后6周和8周时,研究组HAMD评分明显低于对照组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 维生素D能增强帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的效果.     

帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁障碍的临床疗效

目的：探讨脑卒中后抑郁障碍患者接受帕罗西汀治疗的临床效果。方法脑卒中后抑郁障碍患者126例随机分为治疗组和对照组各63例,对照组给予脑卒中常规药物治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予帕罗西汀治疗。比较2组治疗前、治疗2周、4周、8周后的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分,以及治疗前后日常生活能力Barthel指数（BI）评分、神经功能缺损（SSS ）评分。结果2组治疗8周后BI评分均增加,SSS评分均减少（ P＜0.05）,治疗组较对照组的变化更显著（ P＜0.05）。治疗组治疗4周、8周后HAMD评分均较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁障碍患者疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

半夏泻心汤合并帕罗西汀治疗女性躯体形式障碍对照研究

目的 探讨半夏泻心汤合并帕罗西汀治疗躯体形式障碍女性患者的疗效及安全性.方法 将66例躯体形式障碍女性患者随机分为研究组（32例）和对照组（34例）,研究组患者接受半夏泻心汤合并帕罗西汀系统治疗,对照组患者接受帕罗西汀系统治疗,共治疗6周.所有入组患者在基线及治疗后第1、2、4、6周末应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评估疗效和安全性.结果 治疗后第2周末起,研究组患者HAMD评分较基线时显著降低（P＜0.05）,而在治疗后第4周末起,对照组患者的HAMD评分较基线时才有显著降低（P＜0.01）.治疗后第2周末起,研究组患者HAMD评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）.治疗后第2周末起,两组患者的HAMA评分均较基线时显著降低（P＜0.05）.治疗后第1周末,研究组患者的TESS评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）,其他时间点两组间TESS评分无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.经6周治疗研究组显效率显著高于对照组（81.25％∶52.94％,X2=8.47,P＜0.05）.结论 半夏泻心汤合并帕罗西汀可有效治疗躯体形式障碍女性患者,起效更快,安全性较高.     

天舒胶囊联合帕罗西汀对躯体化障碍伴抑郁症患者的干预作用

目的 观察天舒胶囊联合帕罗西汀治疗躯体化障碍伴抑郁症患者的疗效.方法 随机将128例患者分为治疗组68例和对照组60例.2组均口服帕罗西汀治疗,治疗组加服天舒胶囊（江苏康缘药业股份有限公司生产）,4粒/d,3次/d.连续观察8周,分别于第4周和第8周评价疗效.结果 治疗前2组症状分布频率、HAMA和HAMD评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后第4周,2组疼痛症状变化均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,治疗第8周后2组各项指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 天舒胶囊联合帕罗西汀是治疗躯体化障碍伴抑郁症患者的有效方法,较单一应用帕罗西汀更为有效.     

帕罗西汀联合丹栀逍遥丸治疗合并睡眠障碍的女性围绝经期抑郁症患者的疗效

目的：观察帕罗西汀联合丹栀逍遥丸对合并睡眠障碍的女性围绝经期抑郁症患者的治疗效果。方法行开放对照研究,单日就诊符合标准的患者为观察组（29例）,应用帕罗西汀联合丹栀逍遥丸治疗,双日为对照组（31例）,单用帕罗西汀治疗。4周后,通过检测治疗前后血浆雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）水平,采用改良的 Kupperman 评分量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）的评分变化评价临床疗效。结果对照组1例中途前往外地退出观察。治疗前两组性激素水平、躯体症状程度、PSQI 和 HAMD 的评分差异无统计学意义。治疗后两组患者血浆 E2水平均较治疗前增加,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。观察组躯体症状明显减轻（Z ＝3．95,P ＜0．05）,而对照组变化不明显。治疗后两组 PSQI 和 HAMD 评分均有显著下降（P ＜0．01）,且观察组较对照组下降更显著,疗程末观察组的疗效优于对照组（P ＜0．05）。结论帕罗西汀能有效缓解女性围绝经期的抑郁症状及改善睡眠质量,联合丹栀逍遥丸治疗,疗效更佳。     

电针结合重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症的疗效

目的 观察电针结合重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将75例抑郁症患者随机分为帕罗西汀组（A）、电针结合rTMS组（B）和帕罗西汀十电针结合rTMS组（C）,每组25例,持续治疗3周.于治疗前及治疗后第2、3周末用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,并且以治疗不良反应量表（TESS）评估不良反应.结果 A组显效率为56％,B组为52％,C组为68％,3组比较差异无统计学意义（x2=1.512,P＞0.05）;经过2周治疗,C组患者的HAMD评分较治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗3周末,各组患者的HAMD评分均较组内治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,同时,C组评分显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组不良反应发生率为24％,与A组（40％）和C组（44％）比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 电针结合rT-MS组治疗抑郁症的疗效与单纯用帕罗西汀相似,而且与帕罗西汀联合应用的起效速度更快.     

文拉法辛和帕罗西汀对伴发焦虑的女性抑郁症患者的疗效

目的 比较文拉法辛和帕罗西汀治疗伴发焦虑的女性抑郁症患者的效果.方法 将2018年2月～2020年2月收治的80例伴发焦虑的女性抑郁症患者作为研究对象,随机分组,对照组40例患者用帕罗西汀治疗,观察组40例患者用文拉法辛治疗,比较治疗前后两组患者的焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、生活质量评分、睡眠质量评分及治疗后不良反应量表(TESS)评分.结果 治疗后观察组的SAS评分、SDS评分、睡眠质量评分低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组的生活质量评分高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后TESS评分,两组之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 文拉法辛治疗伴发焦虑的女性抑郁症患者的效果优于帕罗西汀,可更有效改善患者焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,提高睡眠质量与生活质量.     

脑电生物反馈治疗躯体形式障碍的对照研究

目的 研究脑电生物反馈治疗躯体形式障碍的安全有效性.方法 入组54例患者随机分为研究组（帕罗西汀联合脑电生物反馈治疗）和对照组（单用帕罗西汀治疗）,治疗6周;采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定疗效,副反应量表（ TESS） 评定不良反应.结果治疗后2组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、强迫各因子分较治疗前明显减少,研究组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,2组各时期TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论脑电生物反馈治疗联合帕罗西汀治疗躯体形式障碍疗效更为显著,不增加不良反应.     

粉防己碱联合谷胱甘肽对帕金森病大鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨粉防己碱(Tet)联合还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对帕金森病(PD)大鼠的治疗作用。方法应用定向注射6-羟基多巴胺制作PD大鼠模型;将成功模型随机分为PD组、GSH组、左旋多巴(L-dopa)组、GSH Tet L-dopa组、GSH Tet组,并给予相应药物腹腔注射治疗;给药后对各组大鼠进行阿朴吗啡旋转试验、脑组织黑质谷胱甘肽、纹状体单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)含量测定;免疫组化法观察脑组织多巴胺能神经元数目;RT-PCR技术检测酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)mRNA含量。结果(1)L-dopa组、GSH Tet L-dopa组、GSH Tet组阿朴吗啡试验旋转圈数较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05～0.01);(2)GSH Tet组脑组织GSH含量明显高于其他治疗组,MAO-B含量明显低于其他治疗组(均P<0.05);(3)GSH Tet组脑组织TH阳性神经元数目显著多于其他各治疗组(均P<0.05);(4)GSH Tet L-dopa组脑组织THmRNA含量高于其他治疗组及PD组(P<0.05～0.01)。结论Tet联合GSH能增强对PD大鼠的治疗作用。     

脑白质疏松患者肾功能不全与血浆同型半胱氨酸的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑白质疏松（leukoaraiosis，LA）合并肾功能不全与血浆Hcy水平的相关性。 方法 选取LA患者作为研究对象，依据病史及肾功能检测指标将患者分为肾功能不全组（观察 组）和肾功能正常组（对照组）。记录患者Cr、BUN、UA、Hcy、HbA1c、TC、LDL-C等生化指标水平，并以 Fazekas评分量表完成LA严重程度评分。对比2组生化指标水平，并对肾功能不全的可能影响因素进 行多因素分析。对生化指标、肾功能及LA进行相关性分析。 结果 共入组186例患者，其中对照组112例，观察组74例。①与对照组相比，观察组B U N水 平（P =0.001）、Cr水平（P =0.000）、UA水平（P =0.000）、Hcy水平（P =0.000）升高，差异有统计学 意义；观察组Fazekas评分较对照组升高，差异有统计学意义（P =0.04）；②相关分析显示，血浆 Hcy水平与Fazekas总评分（r =0.202，P =0.027）、Cr水平（r =0.458，P＜0.001）、UA水平（r =0.229， P =0.010）、BUN水平（r =0.178，P =0.046）正相关；③多因素Logistic回归分析显示，Hcy（OR 4.165， 95％CI 1.138～15.249，P =0.031）是LA患者肾功能不全的危险因素。 结论 Hcy是LA患者肾功能不全的危险因素，肾功能不全可能通过影响血浆Hcy水平从而参与LA的发 生发展。     

Self-assessment of relationships with peers in children with intellectual disability

Interaction with peers is important for the development of children, but children with special needs may feel rejected by their peers. The present study examines self‐assessment of relationships with peers by children with intellectual disability (ID; n = 20) and children from the general population (n = 20). All participants attended a regular primary school and were aged between 7 and 10.5 years; both sexes were represented in the samples. The Behavior Rating Profile was applied. The results of the children with ID on the ‘Student Rating Scale: Peers’ did not show statistically significant differences from the results of children from general population, with both groups responding similarly to the self‐perception scale. However, the sociometric results obtained from their peers clearly show that children with ID are not accepted by their classmates. Peers frequently and more often refuse to study, sit together in class or socialize after classes with children with ID than is the case for children without ID. Despite the high frequency of rejection, it is concluded that children with ID of younger primary school age have average confidence in their own abilities and in the success of their relationships with their peers. Further education among the children who reject them could have a negative impact on their self‐esteem.     

Treatment of Interictal Depression with Citalopram in Patients with Epilepsy

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram in depressed epileptic patients. We evaluated 43 epileptic patients who suffered from depression and whose total score on the 21 items of the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAMD 21) exceeded 15 points. These patients were examined by the psychiatrist and scaled before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with citalopram. The dose of citalopram was flexible, related to the actual condition of the patient. In each patient and in the whole group of patients we compared the monthly seizure frequency (total, partial seizures, generalized tonic–clonic seizures) recorded during treatment with citalopram with that recorded during the 2 months preceding the start of citalopram. During treatment we observed a decrease in the total score on the HAMD 21 from a mean initial value of 21.5 ± 2.9 (range, 17–26) prior to therapy 14.5 ± 2.9 (range, 10–19) (P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of treatment and to 9.9 ± 3.1 (range, 4–19) (P < 0.001) after 8 weeks of treatment. There were 9 (20.9%) responders after 4 weeks of treatment and 28 responders (65.1%) after 8 weeks, all of them with decrease on the HAMD 21 greater than 50%. Nausea was the most common adverse event in 7 patients (16.3%) during the first month of treatment and in 3 patients (6.9%) during the second month of treatment. Sexual dysfunction (decrease of libido) was reported in 2 (4.7%) male patients during the entire course of treatment. No seizure worsening was observed in our patients. Monthly seizure frequency did not change significantly: 2.24 (±0.76) seizures before treatment with citalopram, 2.29 (±0.81) seizures in the first month of treatment, 2.21 (±1.00) seizures in the second month of treatment. No occurrence of de novo generalized tonic–clonic seizures was recorded in individual patients. Citalopram is a safe and effective antidepressant in the treatment of depressed epileptic patients.     

Factors associated with risk of suicide in patients with hemodialysis

Suicide risk (SR) has been associated to several factors; one of them is the presence of psychiatric disorders. This study has the objective of investigating the relationship between the risk factors for suicidal behavior in patient bearers of chronic renal illness who are undertaking hemodialysis treatment. Sixty-nine undertook a short, structured diagnostic interview. The prevalence of some psychiatric disorders showed itself greater in the sample than that in the population in general. A significant positive correlation was found between SR, major depressive episode, and agoraphobia without panic disorder. The religiosity of the patient was also evaluated as an influencing factor of SR. Nonreligious patients had 8 times more chance to have SR compared to religious patients. However, the referred effect only occurred in nondepressed religious patients. The latter indicated that religiosity had its effect annulled in depressed patients. This study shows the importance of measures of intervention in mental health, mainly in relation to prevention and treatment of major depressive episode with a view to reducing SR.     

Characteristics of hypertrophic pachymeningitis in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is an important neurologic complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features, radiological findings, and diagnostic pitfalls of GPA-related HP. A retrospective chart review was performed to screen patients diagnosed with GPA at Samsung Medical Center between 1997 and 2016. Neurologic manifestation, laboratory findings, neuroimaging data, and clinical course were evaluated in all patients. Characteristics of patients with HP were compared to those of patients without HP. Sixty-five patients with GPA were identified. Twenty-five of these patients had central nervous system involvement. HP (N = 9, 36%) was the second most common radiologic finding. Other neurologic findings included stroke (N = 7, 28%) and granulomatous disease (N = 10, 40%). Patients with HP had lower incidences of systemic manifestations (N = 2, 22.2% vs. N = 38, 67.9%, p = 0.013 in the lung and N = 1, 11.1% vs. N = 28, 50.0%, p = 0.030 in the kidney) than those without HP. Six patients with GPA-related HP were MPO-ANCA positive (66.7%) and two had PR3-ANCA (22.2%). Most of the patients with HP presented with headache (N = 8, 88.9%) at a rate that is similar to those of primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type, and stabbing) and other secondary headache disorders (postural type and meningitis). Patients with HP rarely had neurologic deficits (N = 3, 37.5%). Different clinical or radiologic features may be observed in GPA-related HP. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis of GPA-related HP are needed in addition to neuroimaging findings.     

Reduction of seizures with low-dose clonazepam in children with epilepsy

The acute effects of low-dose clonazepam on seizure frequency in children with epilepsy was evaluated. In an open study, 19 children with epilepsy (15 generalized and four partial) were examined during hospitalization with recordings of seizures by trained personnel. Seizures were counted during two 24-hour periods: before and after a single intramuscular injection of clonazepam 0.01-0.04 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of clonazepam were determined. The median number of seizures in all children on control days was 22 (range = 1-180) and, on days after low-dose clonazepam, the median was 6 (range = 0-73). The relative changes demonstrated a median of -70% (range from -100% to + 43%). A significant reduction of seizures (P = 0.0031) at median maximal plasma levels of clonazepam of 23 nmol/L (range = 11-41 nmol/L) was found. Thus in this study of the acute effects of a low-dose level of clonazepam on seizure frequency a significant reduction was found at plasma levels below those usually recommended. Inhibition of seizure activity seems to be achieved already at low plasma levels of clonazepam. These results suggest to start treatment at low doses of clonazepam and evaluate the individual effect carefully during dose escalation aiming at lowest possible dose with therapeutic effect.     

Validation of actigraphy with continuous video-electroencephalography in children with epilepsy

BackgroundThe relationship between epilepsy and sleep is bidirectional as seizures disrupt sleep and coexisting sleep disorders have detrimental effects on seizure control and quality of life for both the children and their families. Previous research has reported on sleep disturbance in children with epilepsy primarily by subjective parental reports. Actigraphy may provide a more accurate objective evaluation of sleep, but the validity of this sleep measure for children with epilepsy has not yet been assessed. The primary objective of this study was to validate the use of actigraphy as a tool in studying sleep patterns in children with epilepsy.MethodsThis was a prospective study comparing sleep and wake epochs recorded for 24 h simultaneously by actigraphy and by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG) monitoring in 27 patients aged 2–18 years with medically refractory epilepsy.ResultsStrong correlations were found between actigraphy and VEEG sleep variables including night sleep period (r = 0.99), night sleep time (r = 0.96), duration of night wake time (r = 0.93) and number of significant wakings during the night (r = 0.81).ConclusionThe study results validate that actigraphy is a reliable and objective clinical and research tool for evaluating sleep and wakefulness in children with epilepsy.