替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶的制备及其质量控制

目的：制备替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶,并对其体外性质进行考察,为其体内研究奠定基础。方法：以泊洛沙姆P407与P188为基质,用冷法制备替硝唑原位凝胶。对其胶凝温度、胶凝强度及生物黏附性等主要物理性质进行考察,并对其质量进行控制。结果：本品具有合适的胶凝温度,胶凝强度理想,生物黏附性较强,适合阴道给药。主要质量评价指标简单易行。符合相关规定。结论：替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶制备简单,性质理想,值得进一步研发。     

美沙拉嗪温敏液体栓的制备及体外性质考察

摘 要 目的： 研制美沙拉嗪温敏液体栓,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法: 以泊洛沙姆407和188为温敏材料,采用冷法制备美沙拉嗪温敏液体栓;以胶凝温度为评价指标,筛选出两种材料的最佳配比;对美沙拉嗪温敏液体栓的胶凝强度、生物黏附力等性质进行考察,并对其体外溶蚀行为及释药特性进行研究。结果: 泊洛沙姆407及188的最佳配比为20%∶2.5%,此时胶凝温度为（36.9±0.2）℃,胶凝强度为（115.1±3.2 ）s,生物黏附力为（130.7±5.8）×10² dyne·cm^-2;体外释药特性及凝胶溶蚀特性均符合一级动力学特征,且两者相关性良好,显示美沙拉嗪液体栓具有较好的缓释性。结论:美沙拉嗪温敏液体栓制备工艺简单,且具有较好的胶凝性、生物黏附性及缓释性。     

阿昔洛韦壳聚糖眼用温敏性原位凝胶的研制及其体外释药研究

目的 制备阿昔洛韦（ACV）壳聚糖（CS）眼用温敏性原位凝胶（ISG）,并对其体外释药特性进行考察.方法 以CS为增黏剂及吸收促进剂,以泊洛沙姆407和188（P407,P188）为基质,制备ACV-CS-ISG,以胶凝温度为指标,筛选P407与P188的最佳配比;采用无膜溶出模型对ACV-CS-ISG的体外释药特性进行考察.结果 当P407与P188的处方用量分别为21%及6%时,ACV-CS-ISG胶凝温度为（33.6±0.4）℃,人工泪液稀释后变为（34.2±0.3）℃,与人眼表温度（34℃）相似;体外释药及凝胶溶蚀均呈现零级动力学特征,且两者相关性良好.结论 ACV-CS-ISG具有理想的胶凝温度及较好的缓释效果,值得进一步研究.     

羧甲基壳聚糖阴道温敏性原位凝胶的研制及体外质量考察

摘要：目的:优化羧甲基壳聚糖（CCS）阴道温敏性原位凝胶的处方,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法:拟定CCS质量分数为1.0%,以pH 4.2乳酸-乳酸钠为缓冲体系,在单因素试验的基础上,以胶凝温度(Tgel)为评价指标,以正交试验优化泊洛沙姆407（P407）、泊洛沙姆188（P188）、甘油及聚卡波菲（PCP）的用量。对最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶的pH、胶凝时间、黏度及体外释药特性进行考察。结果:优化的最佳处方为18%P407,5%P188,5%甘油及0.4%PCP。最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶平均Tgel为29.5℃,pH为4.12,胶凝时间为22.6 s,在8个温度单位内完成黏度的增加,体外释药符合一级动力学过程,且主要由基质溶蚀控制。结论:CCS温敏性原位凝胶体外性质符合阴道给药制剂的要求,并可迅速发生相转变,可望在阴道局部发挥缓释长效作用。     

美沙拉嗪羟丙基β-环糊精包合物温敏型液体栓的制备及性质考察

目的:研制美沙拉嗪羟丙基β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)包合物温敏型液体栓,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法:以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为温敏材料,负载美沙拉嗪HP-β-CD包合物,制备美沙拉嗪HP-β-CD包合物温敏型液体栓;比较美沙拉嗪HP-β-CD包合物温敏型液体栓和美沙拉嗪液体栓的黏度、胶凝强度、生物黏附性、体外凝胶溶蚀及药物释放等。结果:与MSZ液体栓相比,美沙拉嗪HP-β-CD包合物的加入不影响液体栓的胶凝温度,能使液体栓的黏度、胶凝强度及生物粘附性显著增加。凝胶溶蚀不受包合物的影响,而药物释放率得到显著提高,且药物释放与凝胶溶蚀呈现良好的线性关系。结论:美沙拉嗪HP-β-CD包合物温敏型液体栓具有较理想的胶凝温度,以及良好的粘性、胶凝强度及生物粘附性,且体外释药速度较MSZ液体栓快。     

N-三甲基壳聚糖包覆司帕沙星纳米脂质体原位凝胶的研制及体外释药研究

摘 要 目的：制备眼用N-三甲基壳聚糖（TMC）包覆的司帕沙星（SL）纳米脂质体原位凝胶（ISG）,并考察其体外释放度。方法: 采用pH梯度法制备SL脂质体,经高压均质至纳米级,用TMC包衣。以胶凝温度为指标,优选ISG基质泊洛沙姆407的最佳浓度,采用冷法制备TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体ISG。对TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体ISG中脂质体的形态、粒径、Zeta电位及包封率进行考察;以TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体为对照,采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外释药特性。结果: 泊洛沙姆407的最佳浓度为25%,在人工泪液中的胶凝温度为23.6 ℃,稀释后的胶凝温度为33.5 ℃。TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体ISG中脂质体形态圆整,平均粒径为（96.8±1.5）nm,Zeta电位为（46.2±1.4）mV,包封率为（76.6±2.4）%,与TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体相比无明显变化。TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体ISG药物释放和凝胶溶蚀均为符合零级动力学特征,且与TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体相比,缓释性更为显著。结论:TMC包覆SL纳米脂质体ISG胶凝温度理想,并可延缓药物释放。     

辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶的制备及其体外释放研究

目的：制备辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶[（O-9）-VTG],并对其释放机制进行探讨。方法：采用冷溶法以泊洛沙姆407（P407）和泊洛沙姆188（P188）为温敏凝胶材料制备凝胶,倒置法测定其胶凝温度（T_GEL）,再应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方,并采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外溶蚀及释药情况。结果：优化的处方基质配比为P407：P188：甘油：壳聚糖=16.3：5.7：5：0.6,胶凝温度为33℃,胶凝时间约1.6 min;辛苯聚醇体外释放符合零级动力学方程。结论：效应面法筛选辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶处方合理,（O-9）-VTG作为新型阴道用避孕制剂前景良好。     

司帕沙星眼用pH敏感原位凝胶的制备及体外角膜透过性考察

摘要目的制备司帕沙星眼用pH敏感原位凝胶（SF ISG），并考察其体外角膜透过性。方法以0.3%卡波姆与14%泊洛沙姆为基质，制备SF ISG；测定其黏度；以同浓度司帕沙星滴眼液为对照，进行家兔眼滞留性研究，并利用Franz扩散池对其体外角膜透过性进行考察。结果SF ISG具有假塑性流体特性，黏度随着pH的增加而迅速增大；与SF滴眼液相比，可显著延长兔眼滞留性，并显著提高对体外角膜的透过量（P＜0.05）。结论SF ISG具有明显的pH敏感性、眼部滞留性及促进角膜透过性，值得进一步研究。     

盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶的制备及体外释放度的考察

目的:制备盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶并考察其体外释放度。方法:以泊洛沙姆为基质,筛选最佳处方以达到合适胶凝温度,并利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立含量测定方法考察体外释放度。结果:结果显示以1%盐酸布替萘芬、0.1%山梨酸钾、2%甘油、5%聚山梨酯80、12%泊洛沙姆407及5%泊洛沙姆188为配方制备的温敏水凝胶在35℃时产生胶凝,体外释放度考察结果显示8 h可释放超过90%的药物。结论:本研究制备的盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性及黏附性,具有缓释特性且给药方便,是一种值得开发的药物制剂。     

壳聚糖对温敏性原位凝胶基质体外流变学特性的影响

目的考察壳聚糖对泊洛沙姆为基质的温敏性原位凝胶流变学特性的影响，为两者的配伍使用提供依据。方法将不同质量分数的壳聚糖与泊洛沙姆溶液（P407和P188的质量分数均为15％）制备成原位凝胶，测定原位凝胶的体外胶凝温度、胶凝强度和生物黏附力。结果当壳聚糖的质量分数从0上升至0．6％时，基质的胶凝强度和生物黏附力均逐渐升高，胶凝温度无明显变化。结论壳聚糖可改善以泊洛沙姆为基质的原位凝胶的流变学性质。     

动态流变学评价芩榆烧伤凝胶的凝胶特性

目的:应用动态流变学评定芩榆烧伤凝胶的流变性质,评价其凝胶特性。方法:采用剪切速率、频率扫描测定凝胶的流变学参数;采用蠕变方法测定凝胶的黏弹性;采用模拟贮存、运输、使用模式考察凝胶的稳定性。结果:该凝胶为剪切变稀的假塑性流体,具有良好的弹性和黏性,且稳定性良好。结论:动态流变试验能准确的表征芩榆烧伤凝胶的胶凝性质,可作为产品体外评价及质量控制的依据。     

Development and characterization of thermosensitive pluronic-based metronidazole in situ gelling formulations for vaginal application

The purpose of this study was to develop pluronic-based in situ gelling formulations of metronidazole (MTZ) for treatment of bacterial vaginosis, aimed at prolonging the residence time, controlling drug release, enhancing efficacy, decreasing recurrence, and increasing patient compliance. The in situ gel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of pluronic F-127 (PF-127) alone and in combination with pluronic F-68 (PF-68). The prepared formulations were evaluated for their gelation temperature (T(gel)), in vitro drug release, rheological properties, mucoadhesion properties and tolerability by vaginal mucosa in tissue levels. The T(gel) decreased with increasing PF-127 concentration. The T(gel) was modulated by addition of PF-68 to be within the acceptable range of 25-37 °C. With increasing pluronic concentration, the in vitro drug release decreased, viscosity and mucoadhesive force increased. Histopathological examination of rabbit vaginas from the control and treated groups revealed normal histology of the vagina and cervix. Based on the in vitro evaluation of prepared formulations, the in situ gelling liquid formulated with PF-127/PF-68 (20/10 %, m/m) was selected for further clinical evaluation.     

丙烯酸-泊洛沙姆407共聚物的合成及其原位胶凝性质

目的制备丙烯酸和泊洛沙姆407构成的共聚物,研究其温度敏感的原位胶凝性质。方法将泊洛沙姆407溶于丙烯酸单体,引发聚合反应,产物用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱表征。用旋转黏度计测定共聚物水溶液的黏度随温度的变化。以维生素B12为模型药物,研究药物的释放性质。结果较低浓度的丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物水溶液具有受热原位胶凝的性质,其胶凝特征与共聚物的组成、浓度、溶液pH等有关,共聚物凝胶可延缓药物释放。结论丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物可望应用于黏膜给药的原位凝胶递药系统。     

pH-Induced In Situ Gel for Periodontal Anesthesia

A pH mediated in situ gelling system was developed using prilocaine hydrochloride for periodontal anesthesia using combination of chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The gel so developed can be used as anaesthetic in lengthy dental surgery. The gel was evaluated for many parameters like gelation pH, viscosity, physicochemical properties, in vitro release, sterility and stability. Gel with chitosan (0.25% w/v) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (0.25% w/v) was found to have good gelation near pH 7.4 (pH of mucous) with prolonged action.     

In situ gel formulations for gene delivery: release and myotoxicity studies

The in vitro release of plasmid DNA and salmon sperm DNA from in situ gel formulations was investigated. Two in situ gel systems were studied: (a) an interpolymeric complex (IPC) of water-soluble polymers polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (b) a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-carbopol system (H:C). Two-way analysis of variance with replication demonstrated that both gel composition and medium pH influenced significantly the release of plasmid DNA from in situ gel formulations. When the release of both types of DNA was compared, higher release was observed for plasmid DNA compared to genomic salmon sperm DNA. Conformational analysis of the released plasmid DNA showed that DNA was released without degradation, but with remarkable conversion from supercoiled (SC) to open circular (OC). In addition, the tested in situ gel systems demonstrated protection from DNAse I degradation. The myotoxicity of the injectable gelling solutions was assessed by the cumulative release of creatine kinase (CK) over 120 min from the isolated rodent extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. A higher level of cumulative CK was observed for IPC when compared to H:C (2:1). These results demonstrate that the in situ gelling systems can be considered as a valuable injectable controlled-delivery system for pDNA in their role to provide protection from DNAse degradation.     

眼用司帕沙星阳离子脂质体原位凝胶的研制

目的:研制司帕沙星(SF)眼用阳离子脂质体-原位凝胶(ISG)。方法:采用pH梯度法制备SF脂质体(SFL),用季胺化程度为60%的N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC60)包衣,用正交试验筛选其最佳处方及工艺,再与泊洛沙姆P407为基质的温度敏感材料混合,制备TMC60包衣的SFL-ISG,并对其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、凝胶溶蚀及释药等体外性质进行考察。结果:本品形态圆整,粒径分布均匀,TMC60包衣后Zeta电位由负转正,药物释放和凝胶溶蚀均呈现良好的零级释放特征。结论:本品结合阳离子脂质体与原位凝胶技术成功制备了TMC60包衣的SFL-ISG,为其体内研究奠定了实验基础。     

Thermoreversible mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ hydrogel: Design and optimization using a combination of polymers

The purpose of the study was to develop an optimized thermoreversible in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on Pluronic F 127, containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug. A 3(2) full factorial design was employed with two polymers: Pluronic F 68 and Gelrite as independent variables used in combination with Pluronic F 127. Gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force, viscosity and in vitro drug release after 1 and 10 h were selected as dependent variables. Pluronic F 68 loading with Pluronic F 127 was found to have a significant effect on gelation temperature of the formulation and to be of importance for gel formation at temperatures 33-36 °C. Gelrite loading showed a positive effect on bioadhesion force and gel strength and was also found helpful in controling the release rate of the drug. The quadratic mathematical model developed is applicable to predicting formulations with desired gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force and drug release properties.     

In Situ Gel Formulations for Gene Delivery: Release and Myotoxicity Studies

The in vitro release of plasmid DNA and salmon sperm DNA from in situ gel formulations was investigated. Two in situ gel systems were studied: (a) an interpolymeric complex (IPC) of water-soluble polymers polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (b) a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose–carbopol system (H:C). Two-way analysis of variance with replication demonstrated that both gel composition and medium pH influenced significantly the release of plasmid DNA from in situ gel formulations. When the release of both types of DNA was compared, higher release was observed for plasmid DNA compared to genomic salmon sperm DNA. Conformational analysis of the released plasmid DNA showed that DNA was released without degradation, but with remarkable conversion from supercoiled (SC) to open circular (OC). In addition, the tested in situ gel systems demonstrated protection from DNAse I degradation. The myotoxicity of the injectable gelling solutions was assessed by the cumulative release of creatine kinase (CK) over 120 min from the isolated rodent extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. A higher level of cumulative CK was observed for IPC when compared to H:C (2:1). These results demonstrate that the in situ gelling systems can be considered as a valuable injectable controlled-delivery system for pDNA in their role to provide protection from DNAse degradation.