CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑个体化用药的影响研究进展

目前,伏立康唑是临床抗真菌的常规用药之一,但伏立康唑体内代谢呈非线性药动学特性,CYP2C19遗传多态性以及多种药物与伏立康唑合用时均可影响伏立康唑药物浓度因此伏立康唑受CYP2C19基因多态性等多因素影响个体差异较大,不良反应严重,传统的给药模式已满足不了临床的需求。本文对基于CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑药代动力学研究现状做一综述,以期为临床合理用药提供参考依据。     

伏立康唑致尖端扭转型室性心动过速(TdP)的文献分析—非浓度依赖性的副反应

目的 探讨伏立康唑致尖端扭转型室性心动过速(TdP)的发生规律,为临床安全用药提供参考.方法 以"伏立康唑"和"尖端扭转型室性心动过速"与"Antifungal drugs""Cardiac toxicity""Voriconazole""torsades de pointes(TdP)"为检索词,检索1980年1月至2020年3月中国知网、维普、万方数据库和PubMed、Springer、Embase数据库收载的伏立康唑致TdP的个案报导文献,汇总进行文献分析.结果 共筛选出个案报道6篇,涉及9例患者.男女性别比2:7,15岁以下患者5例、年龄最小12岁,15岁3例,用药1周后出现Tdp 8例,9例均停止使用伏立康唑,1例停药后QTc恢复不到正常水平造成永久性损害.Tdp危险因素包括高剂量给药、低钾血症、低镁血症、严重的心动过缓、长QT症、联合引起QTc延长药物或有心血管基础疾病患者.结论 伏立康唑不依赖浓度和剂量诱发Tdp,作为预防措施,长期使用伏立康唑可监测心电图(心率、QTc)、不常规推荐测定血药浓度或CYP2C19基因代谢类型.     

台州地区汉族人群CYP2C19基因多态性研究

目的研究台州地区汉族人群细胞色素P4502C19(CYP2C19)基因型的分布情况,以指导临床氯吡格雷的个体化用药。方法运用荧光定量PCR技术对台州地区501例无血缘关系的汉族患者进行基因多态性检测,分析其基因型及代谢表型的分布,并比较不同性别和地区汉族人群CYP2C19基因多态性。结果台州地区汉族人群中CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*33种等位基因的频率分别为61.28%、33.93%、4.79%,最主要的基因型为CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*1（39.32%）、CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2（37.33%）。CYP2C193种代谢表型快代谢型占39.32%,中间代谢型占43.51%,慢代谢型占17.17%。不同性别者之间CYP2C19基因多态性差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。不同地区汉族人群之间CYP2C19的基因多态性差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论CYP2C19基因多态性分布不受性别的影响,但具有明显的地域性特点。台州地区汉族人群CYP2C19代谢表型以中间代谢型为主,为临床氯吡格雷的个体化用药提供参考依据。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对肺结核患者利福平血药浓度的影响及个体化用药的研究

目的探讨肺结核患者给予利福平(RFP)后血药浓度的个体差异与肝药酶P450 2C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性的关系,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 HPLC检测142例肺结核患者利福平的血药浓度。运用PCR-RFLP方法对所有患者的CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3位点进行基因型分型,分析基因多态性与RFP血药浓度的相关性。结果不同基因型的肺结核患者RFP血药浓度在个体间存在很大差异,其中CYP2C19*2位点的AA基因型与GG基因型的患者相比,给药后2、4、8 h前者RFP血药浓度明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CYP2C19*3位点的AA基因型与GG基因型的患者相比,给药后8 h前者RFP血药浓度明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他基因型之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本研究结果证实CYP2C19基因多态性影响RFP血药浓度,说明药物遗传学因素对RFP临床合理用药有指导意义。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷个体化用药的相关性研究

目的:研究CYP2C19基因多态性对氯吡格雷个体化用药的影响,为氯吡格雷个体化用药提供实验室依据。方法:选取本院353例心血管内科住院患者,按CYP2C19基因型将其分为快代谢型(extensive metabolizer,EM)、中间代谢型(intermediate metabolizer,IM)、慢代谢型(poor metabolizer,PM)3组;按临床用药调整方案的不同将这353例患者分为A组(增加氯吡格雷用药的剂量)、B组(氯吡格雷与阿司匹林、西洛他唑等联合用药)、C组(停止使用氯吡格雷,换用替格瑞洛等新药),在3个用药方案不同的分组中对CYP2C19基因型检测结果进行统计分析,然后将理论上基因型结果所对应的用药方案与临床基因检测前后用药方案进行比较,若基因检测后用药方案按照理论上的用药方案进行调整,就认为两者是符合的,再计算两者的符合率,验证CYP2C19基因多态性检测对氯吡格雷个体化用药的临床指导意义。结果:353例患者CYP2C19基因多态性检测结果中EM占43.91%,IM占42.78%,PM占13.31%。IM中改变用药方案的占25.83%,其中A组占41.03%,B组占48.71%,C组占10.26%;PM中改变用药方案的占48.94%,其中A组占26.09%,B组占30.43%,C组占43.48%;IM患者以增加氯吡格雷剂量和氯吡格雷与阿司匹林、西洛他唑等联合用药这两种用药方案为主;PM患者以换用替格瑞洛等新药为主。结论:携带有CYP2C19突变型基因的患者,对氯吡格雷有不同程度的抵抗作用,临床在使用氯吡格雷前应先参考CYP2C19基因型。CYP2C19基因多态性检测对氯吡格雷个体化用药有指导作用。     

CYP2C19基因多态性检测指导下的伏立康唑治疗侵袭性真菌感染患者效果的评价

目的 通过检测CYP2C19基因多态性评价对侵袭性真菌感染重症患者伏立康唑标准化治疗的效果,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 通过非随机对照研究方法,比较使用基因检测方法指导伏立康唑使用方案、以及常规伏立康唑治疗方案两种方法对侵袭性真菌感染患者的治疗效果、不良反应以及费效比。PCR-RFLP方法用于检测患者CYP2C19的基因多态性。结果 共纳入80例样本,包括40例进行了基因分型检测的试验组,40例非同期诊断为侵袭性真菌感染进行常规伏立康唑治疗的对照组。基因检测者分析CYP2C19 3个位点,共有5种双位点基因型组合,包括：高代谢型（extensive metabolizer,EM）的681GG-636GG、中代谢型（intermediate metabolizer,lM）的681GA-636GG和681GG-636GA以及低代谢型（poor metabolizer,PM）的681AA-636GG和681GA-636GA,其分布频率分别为12.17%、52.16%、6.22%、17.54%和11.91%。治疗效果、费效比和不良反应方面,EM组、IM组和PM组中差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且PM组高于IM组,IM组高于EM组（P<0.05）。与对照组的回顾性对比显示,试验组的平均住院天数及抗真菌治疗费用明显低于对照组。结论 监测CYP2C19基因多态性并指导伏立康唑用药,可对剂量、疗效、不良反应和抗真菌治疗费用产生显著影响。这提示基因检测指导临床合理使用伏立康唑具有重要的社会和经济效益。     

维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族人群 CYP2C19基因多态性分析

目的：确定 CYP2C19在维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族人群中的基因型及等位基因分布特征。方法选取该院干部内二科住院体检患者750例,采用聚合酶链‐限制性片段长度多态性方法分析 CYP2C19基因多态性,了解基因型和代谢型分布在3个民族间的差异性。结果检测到 CYP2C19的不同代谢型在维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族间分布差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。哈萨克族快代谢型基因频率为93．8％,高于汉族（89．0％）;慢代谢型基因频率为6．2％,低于汉族（11．0％）,差异有统计学意义（P＝0．006）。结论在维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族人群中,CYP2C19的代谢型和基因型分布有显著差异,可指导临床个体化用药。     

河南省心脑血管疾病患者CYP2C19基因多态性分析

目的 研究河南省心脑血管疾病患者CYP2 C19基因多态性,为氯吡格雷个体化用药提供参考.方法 以河南省1182例心脑血管疾病患者为研究对象,利用单碱基延伸法检测CYP2 C19基因型,比较不同性别、年龄患者CYP2 C19代谢表型分布,结合既往文献比较河南省与其他几个省份患者CYP2 C19代谢表型分布.结果 共检出...     

CYP2C19和CYP2C9基因型与苯妥英血药浓度关系的研究

目的　探讨细胞色素氧化酶P4 5 0 2C19(CYP2C19)和CYP2C9基因型对癫痫患者苯妥英血药浓度的影响。方法　对 32例癫痫患者应用变性高效液相技术分析中国人常见的 2个CYP2C19和 1个CYP2C9等位基因变异 ,应用荧光偏振免疫法测定患者苯妥英的血药浓度 ,在进行标准化以排除剂量和体重对血药浓度的影响后 ,分析CYP2C19和CYP2C9基因型和苯妥英血药浓度的关系。结果　服用单一苯妥英药物的 32例患者中 ,CYP2C19 2、CYP2C19 3和CYP2C9 3等位基因频率分别为 31%、8%和 6 %。根据携带CYP2C19和CYP2C9突变等位基因的数量 ,将患者分为基因型为CYP2C19 1/ 1合并CYP2C9 1/ 1的野生型纯合子强代谢者 (EM) ,基因型为CYP2C19 1/ 2或CYP2C19 1/ 3的杂合中间代谢者 (IM) ,基因型为CYP2C19 2 / 2或CYP2C19 2 / 3或CYP2C19 1/ 2合并CYP2C9 1/ 3的突变型纯合子弱代谢者 (PM)。 3组频率分别为 34%、4 4 %、和 2 2 %。并且突变基因携带数量与标准化血药浓度呈正相关。PM患者服用同等剂量苯妥英时血药浓度比EM患者高 34% (P <0 0 1)。结论　苯妥英代谢受CYP2C9和CYP2C19基因调控。根据患者CYP2C19和CYP2C9基因型可以预测患者的药物浓度 ,有利于临床选择适宜的苯妥英初始剂量     

精神分裂症患者CYP2C19、CYP2C9的基因多态性与氯氮平血药浓度的关联分析

目的:探讨CYP2C9和CYP2C19基因多态性与氯氮平代谢个体差异之间的相关性.方法:应用PCR与DNA测序相结合的方法检测精神分裂症患者CYP2C19、CYP2C9基因多态性.应用高效液相色谱测定氯氮平的血药浓度,以阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negatve symptom scale,PANSS)评分减分率评价药物临床疗效.基因型和等位基因频率分布的两组间比较采用x2检验.组间血药浓度和疗效比较采用ANOVA检验.结果:91例氯氮平治疗的精神分裂症患者,氯氮平血药浓度与CYP2C9 *3、CYP2C19 *2、CYP2C19 *3基因多态性之间没有相关性(P0.05).结论:CYP2C9 *3、CYP2C19 *2和CYP2C19 *3基因多态性与氯氮平血药浓度之间不存在基因剂量关系.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.