单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型在兔脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生

研究单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ(HSV-Ⅰ)在兔脑神经细胞(RNC)中的形态与形态发生。方法 用电子显微镜观察超薄切片,并拍照记录。结果RNC感染HSV-Ⅰ6h后,细胞核中即可见散在核衣壳,12h后细胞核和细胞质内均可见到,但以核内多见,24h后病毒量达高峰。胶质细胞内的核衣壳多于神经元,胶质细胞和神经元的细胞质内和胞外可见少量有包膜的完整病毒。病毒颗粒为圆形或椭圆形,核心直径38～54nm,核衣壳77～100hm,成熟病毒115～129nm。结论RNC对HSV-Ⅰ高度敏感,HSV-Ⅰ在兔脑神经元和胶质细胞中的形态发生有一定的差异。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型在兔脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生

目的：研究单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ（HSV－Ⅰ）在兔脑神经细胞（RNC）中的形态与形态发生。方法：用电子显微镜观察超薄切片,并拍照记录。结果：RNC感染HSV－Ⅰ6h后,细胞核中即可见散在核衣壳,12h后细胞核和细胞质内均可见到,但以核内多见,24h后病毒量达高峰。胶质细胞内的核衣壳多于神经元,胶质细胞和神经元的细胞质内和胞外可见少量有包膜的完整完毒。病毒颗粒为圆形或椭圆形,核心直径38－54nm,核衣壳77－100nm,成熟病毒115－129nm。结论：RNC对HSV－Ⅰ高度敏感,HSV－Ⅰ在兔脑神经元和胶质细胞中的形态发生有一定的差异。     

风疹病毒分离株在人脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生

观察风疹病毒(RV)分离株在人的神经细胞中形态和形态发生过程。方法利用超薄切片电子显微镜技术对自行分离的RV JR 23株在人脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生过程进行了研究。 结果RV JR23袜感染人脑神经细胞24h后,可在细胞浆的核周围观察到病毒相关结构,包括电子致密颗粒,10nm,核衣壳样结构,15～25nm,“包涵体”样结构,“条纹”样结构伴随核衣壳样颗粒,并逐渐增多。96h可见完整病毒颗粒,192h达到高峰。病毒颗粒呈圆形,由单层脂质膜包绕,直径60～80nm。病毒在双层核膜中间装配,然后披上单层核膜而成熟,核膜破碎后释放入细胞浆。病毒颗粒多见于核周围。结论RV JR23株能在人神经细胞中广泛增殖,其形态发生有独特的方式。     

包膜

包膜（ｅｎｖｅｌｏｐｏ）：是指包膜病毒的核衣壳外所包绕的双层膜，由于它来自受染宿主细胞的细胞膜或核膜，因此包膜的基本结构与生物膜相似，均为脂质双层膜。但因为缩主细胞受到病毒感染后，病毒基因组在膜上编码表达了一些病毒特异性的蛋白质，主要有包膜糟蛋白和基...     

肾综合征出血热病毒负染法电镜观察

在Ly-A6和Vero-E6细胞上接种7株肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV),用直接负染法、免疫负染法和免疫胶体金标记负染法制备了电镜标本,进行观察。7株病毒的形态与布尼亚病毒相似,但大小差别较大,为53～165nm,平均直径89.2nm,病毒包膜为脂质双层样,膜表面可见中空、突起的形态亚单位结构。     

感染冠状病毒的大鼠胸腺组织超微结构观察

目的通过对感染大鼠冠状病毒(ratcoronavirus,RCV)的大鼠胸腺组织进行超微结构的研究,阐明RCV在细胞内形成的形态学机制。方法用在进行自噬性形态学研究中的Wistar大鼠做模型,常规电镜取材、固定、包埋、切片和观察。结果胸腺上皮细胞的胞质内出现大小不等的内质网池,并相互融合形成巨大的内质网湖,湖内充满RCV颗粒,称为病毒包涵体。病毒在内质网囊壁上通过出芽方式进入内质网湖基质,发育为成熟的RCV,最终排出于细胞外。病毒颗粒呈圆形,直径约100~130nm。病毒胞浆成均质状,病毒的膜蛋白有二层,外层为包膜,内层为核衣壳。包膜与核衣壳之间为低电子密度的中间层,其内有时可见1~2层较薄的膜样结构。钉突成放射状贯穿包膜,其内侧端连于核衣壳,外侧端膨大,由一层絮状的糖蛋白包绕,形成日冕状。病毒颗粒分布在胸腺上皮细胞的内质网湖、胞浆、内吞体/溶酶体以及胸腺上皮细胞间,溶酶体内的病毒无包膜和核衣壳。结论内质网湖参与RCV包膜的形成,从细胞外侵入的RCV均在内吞体/溶酶体内脱去包膜和核衣壳,脱下的包膜和核衣壳被其降解,而RCV在胸腺上皮细胞基质中进行复制。在胸腺细胞内未见有RCV。     

感染冠状病毒的大鼠胸腺组织超微结构观察

目的 通过对感染大鼠冠状病毒(rat coronavirus，RCV)的大鼠胸腺组织进行超微结构的研究。阐明RCV在细胞内形成的形态学机制。方法 用在进行自噬性形态学研究中的Wistar大鼠做模型，常规电镜取材、固定、包埋、切片和观察。结果 胸腺上皮细胞的胞质内出现大小不等的内质网池，并相互融合形成巨大的内质网湖。湖内充满RCV颗粒，称为病毒包涵体。病毒在内质网囊壁上通过出芽方式进人内质网湖基质，发育为成熟的RCV，最终排出于细胞外。病毒颗粒呈圆形，直径约100～130nm。病毒胞浆成均质状，病毒的膜蛋白有二层，外层为包膜，内层为核衣壳。包膜与核衣壳之间为低电子密度的中间层，其内有时可见1～2层较薄的膜样结构。钉突成放射状贯穿包膜，其内侧端连于核衣壳．外侧端膨大，由一层絮状的糖蛋白包绕，形成日冕状。病毒颗粒分布在胸腺上皮细胞的内质网湖、胞浆、内吞体／溶酶体以及胸腺上皮细胞间，溶酶体内的病毒无包膜和核衣壳。结论 内质网湖参与RCV包膜的形成，从细胞外侵人的RCV均在内吞体／溶酶体内脱去包膜和核衣壳，脱下的包膜和核衣壳被其降解，而RCV在胸腺上皮细胞基质中进行复制。在胸腺细胞内未见有RCV。     

风疹病毒分离株在人脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生

观察风疹病毒分离株在人的神经细胞中形态和形态发生过程。方法利用超薄切片电子显微镜技术对自行分离的ＲＶ ＪＲ２３株在人脑神经细胞中的形态与形态发生过程进行了研究。结果：ＲＶ ＪＲ２３株感染人脑神经细胞２４ｈ，可在细胞浆的核周围观察到病毒相关结构，包括电子致密颗粒，１０ｎｍ，核农壳样结构，１５－２５ｎｍ，“包涵体”样结构，“条纹”样半随核衣壳样颗粒，并逐渐增多。９６ｈ可见完整病毒颗粒，１９２ｈ，达到     

人巨细胞病毒在人胚肺成纤维细胞内的形态发生的观察

人巨细胞病毒接种人胚肺成纤维细胞后20分钟,可见病毒吸附和穿透过程。感染后18小时,在核内已出现包涵体,在其网眼内和网架上有核衣壳复制和装配。胞浆包涵体是病毒成熟时在胞浆中引起的一种细胞局灶性变性。溶酶体只吞噬和灭活小部分病毒,大部分病毒和致密体在囊泡内成熟时已获得包膜。它们以胞吐方式和细胞溶解方式释放到细胞外。     

电镜观察鸭乙型肝炎病毒在北京鸭肝内的形态发生和繁殖动态

鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)静脉感染1日龄北京鸭,9h后鸭肝提取物DHBV-DNA阳性,54h后肝细胞内质网池内可见到病毒颗粒,第4日外周血DHBV-DNA阳性。电镜负染色检查鸭阳性血清,可见DHBV直径40～50nm球形完整病毒和直径40～80nm大小不等类球形表面抗原两种形态,未见丝状和管状体。感染3月后鸭血清持续DHBV-DNA阳性,肝组织超薄切片可见到类似人乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)三种形态:核心颗粒、空心表面抗原和完整病毒颗粒。与人不同的是核心颗粒仅少量存在于核内,大量存在于鸭肝细胞浆内。电镜结果提示DHBV在细胞内增殖可能存在二种途径:(1)病毒的合成和装配似在细胞浆内质网内进行。(2)核心颗粒在核内复制,通过细胞核膜到胞浆,芽生进入内质网,并获得来源于内质网膜的外衣而成熟,类似HBV的繁殖方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.