伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛56例量效分析

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效,判定治疗剂量与其疗效的关系.方法用伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛56例,选择靶点为三叉神经根近端,选用4mm准直器,靶点中心剂量为70～90Gy,并对不同治疗剂量组之间疗效行统计学处理.结果56例随访3～54个月(平均31.2个月),疼痛完全消失30例(53.6%),疼痛基本消失14例(25%),疼痛缓解＞50%者7例(12.5%),无效5例(8.9%),总有效率91%.中心剂量＜80Gy和≥80%Gy两组在显效率方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05).结论伽玛刀是治疗原发性三叉神经经一种安全和有效的方法.最佳治疗中心剂量一般考虑为75～90Gy,产生最佳放射生物学效应的剂量点可能为80Gy.     

伽玛刀治疗126例原发性三叉神经痛的疗效及相关因素分析

目的研究伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法选择2004年1月～2010年1月,126例经药物和其他保守治疗无效的原发性三叉神经痛患者接受伽玛刀治疗,并进行了长期随访,对疗效及影响疗效的相关因素进行评价。同时把116例随访资料完整的患者,根据靶中心剂量的不同分成高低两个组,高剂量组53例,中心剂量80Gy;低剂量组63例,中心剂量75Gy,通过统计学处理分析对比高低两个剂量组在有效率及并发症等方面的差异性。结果本组126例患者,116例获得完整随访资料,失访10例,随访率92%。随访期12～76个月,平均随访38个月。治疗总有效率96%,并发症发生率31%,复发率12%。高低两个剂量组有效率无差异(P>0.05);并发症发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛75Gy中心照射剂量有效率高,并发症低,应作为最佳参考照射剂量;伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛术前MRI定位中,患侧三叉神经根的显示情况会直接影响伽玛刀治疗效果,且复发率高,应作为伽玛刀治疗相对禁忌证;从治疗效果和安全角度来讲,伽玛刀可以作为原发性三叉神经痛的主要治疗方法。     

MASEP伽玛刀治疗颅内病变临床研究(附2675例随访报道)

目的 探讨应用MASEP-伽玛刀治疗颅内病变的可行性及疗效.方法 2001年8月至2006年12月,成都空军医院伽玛刀中心应用MASEP-伽玛刀治疗颅内病变2675例,男1423例,女1252例,年龄1.5～95岁.其中脑血管疾病315(11.8%)例、良性肿瘤1046(36.2%)例、恶性肿瘤1002(37.5%)例、功能性疾病312(11.5%)例.结果 2238(83.7%)例随访6～60个月.脑血管疾病畸形血管完全闭塞率56.6%,部份闭塞率31.0%;良性肿瘤生长控制率95.8%;恶性肿瘤生长控制率88.2%;癫痫、三叉神经痛的有效率,分别为77.4%、85.4%.结论 随访结果表明,MASEP伽玛刀治疗颅内病变的疗效,与Leksell伽玛刀、OUR-XGD伽玛刀相近.严格掌握适应证,根据病变的不同部位,不同性质和体积,制定合理治疗方案,是提高伽玛刀疗效、减少并发症的重要措施.     

伽玛刀双靶点治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床研究

目的 评价使用伽玛刀双靶点治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效和安全性.方法 对32例原发性三叉神经痛病人采用双靶点治疗,以三叉神经根近桥脑处和近半月节处为照射靶点,中心剂量84～90 Gy,周边剂量42～45 Gy,桥脑临界剂量＜20 Gy.结果 本组32例获随访,均有疼痛缓解,按BNI评分,有效率为96.9%.起效时间平均4.2个月(1 d～26个月).8例(25%)复发,8例(25%)出现并发症.结论 双靶点治疗能有效缓解三叉神经痛,提高患者生活质量.     

伽玛刀治疗老年原发性三叉神经痛118例临床分析

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗老年原发性三叉神经痛的疗效及安全性。方法 118例三叉神经痛患者接受治疗,年龄65～88岁,平均71.6岁。使用美国GE 3.0T MRI定位,国产OUR-XGD型旋转式头部伽玛刀治疗,照射靶点为三叉神经根入桥脑处,采用4mm准直器,设2个等中心点,中心剂量70～75Gy,脑干边缘剂量12～15Gy。结果随访时间24～60个月,平均随访36个月,治愈78例,疗效显著33例,无效7例,总有效率(治愈+显著)94%,无近期急性并发症,无明显远期并发症。结论伽玛刀治疗老年原发性三叉神经痛安全有效,对药物等保守治疗无效的顽固性三叉神经痛患者可行伽玛刀治疗。     

原发性三叉神经痛的LEKSELL-C伽玛刀治疗

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的方法和效果.方法 对28例原发性三叉神经痛采用LEKSELL-C型伽玛刀治疗,均沿三叉神经走行在三叉神经根近桥脑处选择双靶点治疗.中心剂量75～85Gy,50%等剂量线限定靶点.结果 随访3～11个月,疼痛消失时间平均在术后3.5个月.按疼痛缓解评分,在随访时点,总有效率为96%.结论 LEKSELL-C型伽玛刀是治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全和有效的方法之一.     

Leksell-C型伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛疗效因素分析

目的 分析Leksell-C型伽玛刀放射外科治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效及预后因素.方法 回顾分析自2002年1月至2007年12月在我中心接受Leksell-C型伽玛刀治疗的121例原发性三叉神经痛患者.均采用4mm准直器,沿三叉神经走行在三叉神经根近桥脑处选择双靶点治疗,周边剂量35～45 Gy,中心剂量70～90 Gy,等剂量曲线50%.对可能影响疗效的因素,包括年龄、性别、病程、剂量、术前是否面部感觉减弱、药物是否有效、以及术前是否影像提示血管压迫三叉神经根等,进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 本组随访6～56个月,平均29个月.随访期内总有效率90.1%(109例),根照BNI疼痛量表,其中Ⅰ级52.9%(64)例、Ⅱ级17.4%(21例)、Ⅲ级20.7%(25例).统计结果表明,对预后而言,仅术前口服药物是否有效有统计学意义(P=0.000).复发率15.7%(19例),复发时间4～49个月.并发症发生率14.0%(17例),包括治疗侧面部麻木16例、耳鸣2例、咀嚼肌无力2例,均不影响正常生活.结论 Leksell-C型伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全、有效、微创,可以作为单纯药物无效的原发性三叉神经痛首选冶疗方法.术前口服药物有效,是伽玛刀治疗有效的重要的预后因素.     

原发性三叉神经痛的第三次伽玛刀治疗的初步经验报告

目的通过对三次伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛病例的长期随访,评价治疗的安全性,有效性及并发症发生情况。方法自1996年11月至2014年10月之间,5例难治性三叉神经痛患者均进行了3次伽玛刀治疗。初次治疗时:中位最大剂量为75Gy(70～80Gy),第二次治疗为70Gy(50～80Gy),第三次治疗为65Gy(50～70Gy)。中位靶区最高累积剂量为215Gy(175～230Gy)。结果第三次伽玛刀后中位随访66月(44～72个月)。疼痛完全缓解4例,部分缓解1例。前两次治疗平均疼痛复发时间26个月(12～48个月)。第三次伽玛刀后平均起效时间为1.5个月(1～4个月)。并发症情况:5例患者均出现面部麻木症状,其中2例为伽玛刀治疗前即出现,2例为第二次伽玛刀后出现,1例为第三次伽玛刀后出现。咬肌无力及颞肌萎缩2例,1例在第二次之治疗后出现,1例第三次伽玛刀后出现。结论三次伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全有效,并发症的发生率与二次治疗相似。     

伽玛刀治疗三叉神经痛照射剂量研究

目的 ;研究伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的最佳照射剂量。方法选择2004年1月~2010年3月期间经保守治疗无效的原发性三叉神经痛患者进行伽玛刀治疗。根据不同的照射剂量随机分为高剂量组(80~85Gy)和低剂量组(70~75 Gy),治疗后定期随访,进行疗效分析。结果本组总计65例患者,随访60例,失访5例,随访率92.3%,随访期12~78个月,平均随访期36个月。对两组共60例患者进行了统计学分析,其中高剂量组25例,低剂量组35例。高剂量组1例无效,有效率96%,低剂量组2例无效,有效率94.3%,两组有效率无差异(P>0.05)。高剂量组出现面部麻木17例,并发症发生率68%,低剂量组出现面部麻木7例,并发症发生率20%,两组并发症发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。高剂量组治疗后疼痛完全缓解时间为2.51个月,低剂量组治疗后疼痛完全缓解时间为2.67个月,两组疼痛缓解时间无差异(P>0.05)。结论伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全有效,70~75 Gy应作为最佳照射剂量。     

原发性三叉神经痛二次伽玛刀治疗疗效分析

目的通过对二次伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛病例的长期随访,评价治疗的安全性,有效性及并发症发生情况。方法 1998年4月～2009年9月,54例经伽玛刀治疗后无效或复发的原发性三叉神经痛患者接受二次伽玛刀放射外科治疗。初次治疗中心放射剂量平均为80.9Gy(70～90Gy),二次治疗放射剂量平均为74.8Gy(70～80Gy)。结果 23例患者(42.6%)完成了随访,疼痛复发时间平均18个月(6～78个月)。二次治疗后疼痛完全缓解者17例(74.0%);疼痛缓解程度>50%,服用药物减量>50%者3例(13.0%);疼痛缓解程度<50%或无效者3例(13.0%),总有效率87.0%。疼痛缓解出现平均时间为10周(1～16周)。面部麻木,感觉异常的发生率为18例(78%),7例(30.4%)患者出现咬肌无力。结论二次伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全有效,但并发症的发生率明显增高。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。