髌股关节表面置换术治疗严重髌股关节骨性关节炎2～10年随访报告

目的评价应用髌股关节表面置换术治疗严重髌股关节骨性关节炎的疗效。方法对患有严重髌股关节骨性关节炎的30例患者(36个膝关节)施以人工髌股关节表面置换术。男5例,女25例;年龄36～74岁,平均(55.8±8.5)岁。术后进行了2～10年的随访,根据膝评分和功能评分进行评价。结果与术前相比,术后的膝评分和功能评分均有显著改善;以膝评分及功能评分进行评价,有效率分别为88.9%及91.7%;术后优良率分别为69.4%及77.8%。结论在严格掌握适应证的条件下,髌股关节表面置换术是治疗严重髌股关节骨性关节炎比较简单有效的方法。     

应用髌股关节置换术治疗膝关节髌股骨关节炎的中短期疗效观察

目的评价髌股关节置换术(PFA)治疗膝关节髌股骨关节炎的中短期疗效及应用价值。方法选取2013年8月‐2014年8月该院收治的43例膝关节髌股骨关节炎患者作为研究对象,均实施髌骨关节置换手术,评价治疗前和术后3个月、6个月及1年膝关节美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)和Lysholm膝关节评分情况。结果 43例患者术后Lysholm、HSS评分随着随访期的延长而逐渐上升(P0.05),前后对比差异有统计学意义。结论髌股关节置换术治疗膝关节髌股骨关节炎中短期疗效确切,膝关节功能改善良好,但需要准确掌握置换适应证。     

髌骨与髌股关节表面置换

自１９８３年始开展髌骨软化症和髌股关节骨性关节炎的手术治疗。先采用单纯塑料人工髌骨表面置换术，平均随诊４４．９月，结果表明该法只能收到短暂效果，最终因塑料髌骨磨损股骨髁部骨质而失败。为克服这一问题，于１９８９年５月开始研制Ｙ－Ｌ－Ｑ型人工髌股关节及相应手术器械，经测试合乎要求后于１９９１年１月用于临床，为１６个膝（１３例患者）作了髌股关节表面置换术，髌骨表面用高分子聚乙烯假体置换，于相对应股骨髁间     

人工髌股关节置换40例观察

目的：观察人工髌股关节置换术对髌股关节炎的治疗效果。方法：1994年5月～2005年3月,我院采用人工髌股关节置换术治疗髌股关节炎40例,对其治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果：本组患者随访5个月～15年,平均6.5年,采用HSS评分,疗效优良率为82.5%,随诊效果满意。结论：在严格掌握手术指征的情况下,人工髌股关节置换术是一种治疗髌股关节炎疗效较好的手术方法。     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解治疗髌股关节骨性关节炎

目的：探讨关节镜下外侧支持带松解治疗髌股关节骨性关节炎的早期疗效及相关问题。方法：32膝X线证实髌骨倾移的髌股骨性关节炎患者在关节镜下射频汽化仪进行关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解术。手术前后测量髌骨内侧推移度、髌骨轴位片角度、用Kujala髌股关节评分法比较髌股关节功能改善情况。术后随访。结果：术前髌骨固定者10例,手术前后根据Kujala髌股关节评分法分别为50．80±7．13分和66．30±4．00分,术后髌骨内侧推移改善0．83±0．14cm。髌骨活动小于1／2象限者12例,手术前后根据Kujala髌股关节评分法分别为59．75±5．01分和79．69±10．47分。手术前后髌骨内侧推移改善0．33±0．07cm和1．05±0．15cm。髌骨活动小于1象限者10例,手术前后根据Kujala髌股关节评分法分别为60．01±4．99分和75．20±6．11分。手术前后髌骨内侧推移改善0．60±0．08cm和1．15±0．17cm。结论：关节镜下射频汽化仪进行关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解术,可有效恢复髌骨内侧活动度及髌股关节的对合,改善髌股关节的功能。     

髌股关节炎诊治新进展

膝关节骨性关节炎是临床常见的关节退行性疾病,占骨性关节炎比例超过50%。髌股关节骨性关节炎在膝关节炎患者中占有较大的比例,也是骨科门诊常见疾病。据国内的统计资料显示,2010年人口普查资料统计我国总人口超过13.4亿,60岁以上老年人已超过1.67亿,据估算60岁以上老年人有症状的膝关节骨性关节炎人数已有上千万人。骨性关节炎高额的治疗费用将给国家和社会带来巨大的负担,因此,了解髌股关节炎对于提前预防和治疗髌股关节炎,防止其进展为膝关节骨性关节炎,提高人民健康水平具有重要的意义。许多学者认为髌股关节对位、对线不良导致了髌骨和股骨滑车软骨面病变,继而出现各种临床症状。现阶段全膝关节置换术对于老年髌股关节炎患者是比较适用的治疗方式,全膝关节置换术的应用随着髌股关节置换术的发展正在逐渐减少,对于年轻和早期患者,病变仅局限于髌股关节的,全膝关节置换手术一般不作为首选。本文就国内外关于髌股关节炎诊断和治疗的相关文献做一综述,希望对研究本疾病诊治的发展有一定帮助。      

髌三联术治疗髌股关节不稳30例分析

目的研究髌三联术用于治疗髌股关节不稳的临床效果。方法对30例(共38膝)髌股关节不稳患者进行内侧髌股韧带重建、外侧支持带松解联合改良Fulkerson截骨术治疗,比较手术前后膝关节功能恢复和髌骨关节对合情况。结果该组30例患者术后随访未见复发,Q角、膝关节功能及髌骨关节对合等参考指标改善均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论髌三联术治疗髌股关节不稳疗效确切,矫形可靠,推荐临床应用。     

外侧髌股关节损害对膝关节镜下术后关节功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨外侧髌股关节损害对膝关节镜下术后节功能恢复的影响。方法:将62例(共80膝)行膝关节镜下术患者作为分析对象,术前根据Altman评分将患者分为无髌股关节损害组22例(28膝),内侧髌股关节损害组24例(30膝)及外侧髌股关节损害组16例(22膝)。分别于术前、术后对各组患者膝关节功能进行评估。结果:三组患者均得到完整随访,随访中无下肢静脉血栓、感染、脂肪栓塞、脱位、假体松动及假体位置不良等并发症发生。股骨假体内外翻角度平均(5.7±0.8)°,屈伸角度平均(4.5±0.8)°,胫骨假体内外翻角度平均(2.2±1.1)°,屈伸角度平均为(2.4±0.4)°。内侧损害组与无损害组相比,术后AKS评分、WOMAC评分、OKS评分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。外侧组患者术后AKS评分、OKS评分、WOMAC评分均高于无损害组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:内侧髌股关节损害不会影响膝关节镜下术后关节功能恢复,而术前外侧髌股关节损害可影响膝关节镜下术后疗效。     

关节镜辅助下梯度手术方案治疗髌股关节对线不良

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下梯度手术方案治疗髌股关节对线不良的的临床疗效.方法 自2004年1月至2006年9月,对128例(133膝)经关节镜检查证实为髌股关节对线不良的患者,依据其对线不良的严重程度,分别采用关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解术、外侧支持带松解加内侧支持带紧缩术、外侧支持带松解加内侧支持带紧缩加胫骨结节移位术的梯度手术方案进行治疗.所有患者在术前及末次随访时均采用Kujala髌股关节评分进行评估.结果 48膝行关节镜辅助下单纯外侧支持带松解术,68膝行外侧支持带松解加内侧支持带紧缩术,17膝行外侧支持带松解加内侧支持带紧缩加胫骨结节移位术.术后2例出现膝关节腔积血,经膝关节穿刺抽液及加压包扎后痊愈;2例行胫骨结节移位术的患者术后切口愈合不良,经引流换药后切口愈合;无其他并发症出现.所有患者术前Kujala髌股关节评分为(56.79±8.36)分,术后为(79.34±9.58)分,髌股关节功能得到显著改善(P＜0.05).结论 关节镜能实时、动态、全程观察髌股关节对合状态,在其辅助下梯度手术方案是治疗髌股关节对线不良的有效方法.     

髌股关节置换与否对全膝关节置换术中患者膝关节功能的影响

目的:探讨髌股关节置换与否对全膝关节置换术中患者膝关节功能的影响。方法:选取行全膝关节置换的患者60例(60膝),其中30例在术中置换髌骨关节,30例不置换髌骨关节,术后随访1年。观察并比较两组膝关节KSS评分、HSS评分、髌骨评分(PS)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、定期复查X线观察假体稳定性。结果:术前两组各项评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性,而术后6周、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后1年髌股关节置换组KSS、HSS评分、PS评分均高于非髌股关节置换组,而VAS评分低于非置换组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组内差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访1年后,两组髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角、胫骨角、髌韧带比值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。结论:在全膝关节置换术中同时行髌股关节置换可有效提高患者术后膝关节功能和髌骨功能,同时缓解术后膝前疼痛,值得临床推广。     

经皮松解髌外侧支持带结合关节镜下清理治疗髌股骨关节炎

目的:探讨经皮松解髌外侧支持带结合关节镜下关节清理术治疗髌股骨关节炎的疗效。方法:对2008年4月~2010年10月该院采用经皮松解髌外侧支持带结合关节镜下关节清理术治疗髌股骨关节炎并获得随访的患者进行门诊随访。采用Lysholm膝关节评分标准和对患者下蹲时膝前痛采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)法进行评价。结果:术前与术后6个月,术前与术后1年Lysholm评分和VAS评分比较存在显著性差异(P<0.01),术后6个月与术后1年Lysholm评分和VAS评分也存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:经皮松解髌外侧支持带结合关节镜下关节清理术治疗髌股骨关节炎具有操作简单、创伤小、松解充分、疗效可靠等优点。     

Arthroscopic Patelloplasty and Circumpatellar Denervation for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis

Background:Patellofemoral osteoarthritis commonly occurs in older people,often resulting in anterior knee pain and severely reduced quality of life.The aim was to examine the effectiveness of arthrosco...     

A preliminary report of patellofemoral arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral arthritis

Background Isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis is not uncommon. Surgical treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis remains controversial and poses a challenging treatment dilemma. The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term results of patellofemoral arthroplasty for patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis.Methods We analyzed 11 patellofemoral arthroplasties performed from March 2006 to September 2009 in 11 patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis. The patients comprised 2 males and 9 females with an average age of 53.7 years （range, 46-74 years）. Standard weightbearing radiographs were taken in the anteroposterior, lateral, and 45° axial views.The knee pain and functional status were evaluated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index （WOMAC） scales and American Knee Society （AKS） scores. For comparison, 23 total knee arthroplasties in 23 patients with primary tibiofemoral osteoarthritis were matched according to age, gender, bilaterality and body mass index.The duration of follow-up was 23.7 months （range, 12-47 months）.Results The majority of the 11 patients experienced improvement in their patellofemoral symptoms after patellofemoral arthroplasty. The WOMAC scores improved considerably by 7.4 points with respect to pain and by 5.2 points with respect to function. The AKS scores also improved considerably by 23.9 points with respect to pain and 44.3 points with respect to function. Although the clinical outcomes after patellofemoral arthroplasty were not better than those after total knee arthroplasty, patellofemoral arthroplasty exhibited advantages in the shorter operation time, lower blood loss and increased postoperative range of motion. At the latest follow-up, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of patellofemoral maltracking, loosening or wear.Conclusions On the basis of our experience in this relatively small series of patients with a short-term follow-up,patellofemoral arthroplasty is an effective treatment alternative to total knee arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral arthritis. MRI and arthroscopy may contribute to define those patients with isolated patellofemoral degeneration.     

计算机导航辅助下微创膝关节单髁置换术

目的 探讨虚拟影像导航辅助下微创膝关节单髁置换的方法和疗效.方法 在导航系统下进行小切口微创膝关节单髁置换术26例.统计切口大小、手术时间、出血量和48 h引流量,进行HISS评分分析,测量下肢力线和关节活动度.结果 在导航系统下顺利完成26例小切口微创膝关节单髁置换,手术切口大小为(7.4±0.6)cm,手术时间为(78±12)min,出血量为(122±13)ml和48 h,引流量(114±18)ml.术前HISS评分(72±6)分,术后2周为(98±2)分.术前髋膝踝角为(7.6±1.8)°,术后2周为(0.8±0.6)°.术前屈曲挛缩(6.8±1.6)°,膝关节活动范围为(107.5±6.2)°,术后屈曲挛缩(1.8±1.1)°,膝关节活动度为(132.6±3.5)°.26例均获随访,随访(8.2±2.4)个月,无感染、假体位置不良及髌股关节疼痛等并发症.结论 计算机导航系统的应用解决了MIS-UKA操作中视野的局限,同时可以实时、动态地观察下肢力线变化、膝关节假体旋转对位和软组织韧带平衡情况,并提供几何学和形态学资料,对膝关节进行生物力学和解剖学的重建,提高了假体置换的精确性.     

单髁置换与全膝关节置换治疗膝关节单室骨性关节炎为主的早中期疗效比较

目的 探讨小切口单髁置换术与全膝关节置换治疗膝关节单室骨性关节炎为主的早期临床的手术疗效的比较.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年4月小切口单髁置换术及全膝关节置换术,均由一位主任医帅完成,所有两组的患者的选择都满足于下例条件:(1)患者50岁以上,仅有膝关节内侧部位疼痛.(2)X线显示内侧单室膝关节骨关节炎为主,Ahlback X线分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ期;髌-股骨关节的Ahlback X线分级0～Ⅰ期,没有髌股关节的症状;膝内翻＜15°;膝关节屈曲畸形＜10°.(3)关节稳定(术中验证前、后交叉韧带完整).48例(48膝)经小切口单髁置换术治疗的膝关节单间室骨性关节炎患者,年龄52～71岁,平均67.5岁,体重指数21.1～32.7.全膝关节置换组,年龄53～76岁,平均67.2岁,体重指数21～32.4.对患者术前、后膝关节疼痛与关节活动度进行评估(HSS评分).结果 术后平均随访52.4个月(12～82个月),48膝单髁置换术后关节负重内侧间室疼痛减轻或消失,膝屈曲度平均达104°,优良率与全膝置换术相似;髌股关节退变(0～1期)与疗效无关;3例髌股关节退变由Ahlback X线分级0期进展到Ⅰ期,未有长期膝前痛发生;BMI(25～32)组与BMI(21～25)组的早中期的疗效差异无统计学意义.结论 小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎近中期疗效满意,具有创伤小、恢复快、症状改善明显等特点,没有症状的轻度髌-股骨关节退变及超重体重因素(BMI＜32)不影响近中期疗效.     

Management of patellofemoral arthrosis in middle-aged patients

Patellofemoral arthrosis is one of the most common causes of knee pain in middle-aged patients, and is often associated with patellofemoral malalignment. A correct diagnosis is established by history taking and physical and radiographic examinations of the knee. The initial treatment of choice is conservative treatment, which includes anti-inflammatory drugs, use of a knee brace, quadriceps-strengthening exercises, physical therapy, and modification of activity. Surgery is indicated when patients fail to improve after at least 6 months of conservative treatment and are functionally disabled. Lateral retinacular release and proximal realignment are performed only in selected cases. Distal realignment by anteromedial transfer of the tibial tubercle is the most effective method for treating patients with patellofemoral arthrosis. The magnitude of anteromedial transfer of the tibial tubercle must be individualized, and rigid internal fixation enables immediate postoperative rehabilitation. In knees with patellofemoral arthrosis with no malalignment, a 20-mm anterior displacement without medial transfer of the tibial tubercle is suggested. A 15-mm anterior displacement plus 5 to 10 mm of medial transfer of the tibial tubercle is recommended in knees with patellofemoral arthrosis and mild to moderate malalignment. In knees with severe malalignment, 15 mm of medial transfer and 10 mm of anterior displacement are recommended. A triple osteotomy is considered in knees with patellofemoral osteoarthrosis and patella baja. Patellofemoral resurfacing arthroplasty is only done in carefully selected patients. A patellectomy should be avoided if at all possible. Total knee arthroplasty is indicated in knees with bi- or tricompartmental osteoarthritis.     

Outcomes after hip or knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis. A prospective cohort study comparing patients' quality of life before and after surgery with age-related population norms.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the health-related quality of life of people with osteoarthritis before and after primary total hip and knee replacement surgery with that of the general Australian population. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three Sydney hospitals, public and private. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary total hip (n = 59) and knee (n = 92) joint replacement surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) scores before and 12 months after joint replacement surgery (compared with population norms). RESULTS: Patients in each age group showed a significant improvement in health-related quality of life after joint replacement surgery in most scales of the SF-36, particularly physical function, role physical and bodily pain. SF-36 scores for the 42 hip-replacement patients aged 55-74 years improved to equal or exceed the population norm on all scales. SF-36 scores of the 52 knee replacement patients aged 55-74 years improved, but physical function and bodily pain scores remained significantly worse than the population norm. SF-36 scores for both hip (n = 17) and knee (n = 40) replacement patients aged 75 years and over improved significantly, becoming similar to population norms for this age group. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis significantly improves patient health and well-being at 12 months after surgery. Age alone should not be a barrier to surgery.     

双侧同期全膝关节置换和单膝关节置换术临床疗效对比

目的：对双侧同期全膝关节置换和单膝关节置换术的临床疗效进行探究。方法选取我院2013年6月—2014年6月100例膝关节骨性关节炎患者为研究对象,随机分为2组,对照组采取单膝关节置换术,观察组采用双侧同期全膝关节置换术,比较分析2组的临床疗效及患者满意度。结果观察组总有效率和疗效满意度高于对照组,术后疼痛评分（VAS）低于对照组,膝关节功能评分（Lysholm）高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论双侧同期全膝关节置换术在膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗上可起到重要作用,帮助患者早日康复,有临床推广价值。     

Use of laterally wedged custom foot orthoses to reduce pain associated with medial knee osteoarthritis: a preliminary investigation

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common condition that can cause considerable pain and disability. Various forms of lateral wedging may be effective in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis, but it is not known whether incorporating a lateral wedge into a custom-molded foot orthosis will achieve similar results. Therefore, 30 subjects (21 men and 9 women) aged 29 to 77 years (mean +/- SD, 58.1 +/- 11.6 years) with radiographically confirmed medial compartment knee osteoarthritis were issued custom-molded foot orthoses with a 5 degrees lateral heel wedge. Pain levels were recorded using a 100-mm visual analog pain scale on the date of issue of the orthoses (baseline) and again 3 and 6 weeks later. Mean +/- SD pain levels were significantly reduced at 3 weeks (34 +/- 22 mm) and 6 weeks (23 +/- 22 mm) versus baseline (69 +/- 19 mm) (F2 = 39.57). The degree of pain reduction was greater in patients with less severe osteoarthritis. At 6 weeks, all subjects had achieved at least some reduction in pain, and 28 reported that their orthoses were comfortable. This preliminary study indicates that laterally wedged foot orthoses may be beneficial in the treatment of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee. Further investigations using a larger sample, longer follow-up, and a no-treatment control group seem warranted.