淋巴结转移阴性结直肠癌的预后因素分析

目的：探讨淋巴结转移阴性结直肠癌的临床病理特点及其预后因素,为临床治疗及预后提供理论依据。方法：选取1995～2002年于我院行结直肠癌根治手术、原发灶未侵及浆膜层、术后检取淋巴结15个以上且均无转移的150例患者为研究对象。分析其临床病理特点,并判定淋巴结转移阴性结直肠癌的独立预后因素。结果：单因素分析表明,肿瘤大小、浸润深度和癌细胞分化程度与术后生存率有显著相关性（P〈0．05）。多因素分析表明,肿瘤大小和浸润深度为独立预后因素（P〈0．05）。结论：肿瘤大小与浸润深度是淋巴结转移阴性结直肠癌的独立预后因素。     

243例结直肠癌患者预后因素分析

目的目前结直肠癌发病率逐年上升,已经成为危害我国人民健康的常见原因之一。本研究旨在探讨结直肠癌患者临床病理特征及其与预后的关系。方法收集南方医科大学南方医院普通外科2005年1月～2008年9月期间结直肠癌患者情况,进行随访。选择年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤大体类型、组织类型、肠壁浸润深度、Dukes分期、是否存在淋巴结转移等8项临床病理指标,用单因素和多因素分析的方法研究其对243例结直肠癌患者预后的影响。结果单因素分析结果显示,年龄、Dukes’分期、是否存在淋巴结转移为影响结直肠癌患者预后的因素。COX比例危险回归模型多因素分析显示,仅年龄及是否存在淋巴结转移结直肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素。结论年龄和是否存在淋巴结转移是结直肠癌患者预后的重要指标。     

基于TCPA数据库的结直肠癌预后相关蛋白预后模型的建立与应用

目的 利用TCPA数据库建立预测结直肠癌预后的蛋白预后模型,分析蛋白预后模型与结直肠癌各临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 通过R语言软件筛选出TCPA数据库中结直肠癌样本及正常样本中差异表达的蛋白质,进一步利用COX比例风险回归模型筛选和建立多蛋白预后模型,计算预后评分.根据预后评分的中位数将患者分为高风险组和低风险组,利用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析高风险组及低风险组生存差异.将临床病理因素和预后评分因素纳入COX回归模型分析结直肠癌患者的生存影响因素.根据临床病理因素与结直肠癌相关蛋白预后模型预后评分的相关性,验证多蛋白模型对结直肠癌患者中的预后价值.结果 共筛选出7个差异蛋白(BIM,SRC,BID,CYCLIND,SRC_pY527,IGFBP2,INPP4B)建立结直肠癌相关蛋白预后模型.Kaplan-Meier生存分析证实,在结直肠癌患者中,预后评分低风险的患者总体生存率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).COX回归分析显示,结直肠癌预后相关蛋白预后模型是结直肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P<0.01).结论 结直肠癌预后相关蛋白预后模型可用于预测结直肠癌患者的预后,有利于进一步指导临床治疗.     

手术切除在结直肠癌肝转移治疗中的意义及预后

目的 探讨手术切除对结直肠癌肝转移的疗效及预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析施行肝切除术的35例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床及随访资料.Kaplane-Meier法分析生存率.多因素预后分析采用Cox逐步回归法.结果 全组总的1、3和5年累计生存率分别为93.5%、68.5%和39.9%.单因素分析显示转移瘤最大直径、手术切缘、淋巴结转移、肝转移类型及转移瘤病理分化程度对生存率有显著影响;多因素分析显示肝转移瘤最大直径(P=0.012)、手术切缘(P=0.027)是影响生存率的独立因素.结论 结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗可使患者获得长期生存.最大转移瘤直径小于5.0cm、手术切缘阴性预示结直肠癌肝转移手术切除预后较好.     

中药保留灌肠改善晚期直肠癌患者生存质量的临床观察

目的:研究中药保留灌肠治疗晚期直肠癌患者的临床疗效及对其生存质量的改善。方法:选取2009年10月-2011年12月本院收治的晚期直肠癌患者50例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组各25例。对照组给予中药抗肿瘤制剂和免疫调节剂静脉给药,治疗组在对照组基础上加中药保留灌肠。比较两组患者治疗后实体瘤大小、中医证候疗效、生活质量、生存质量自我评分、疼痛评分、CEA、CA19-9及中位生存期。结果:治疗组实体瘤变化、中医证候疗效、生活质量、生存质量自我评价表评分、疼痛评分、CEA、CA19-9及中位生存期均明显优于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药保留灌肠治疗晚期直肠癌临床疗效满意,可减轻患者痛苦,显著提高患者生存质量。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对终末期结直肠癌生存期的价值研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对终末期结直肠癌患者生存期预测的价值.方法 选取2015年1月至2020年5月北京老年医院死亡的终末期结直肠癌患者180例,根据生存期分为90d存活组和90 d死亡组,比较两组一般资料和NLR,筛出有意义的因素;通过多因素logistic回归分析,确定终末期结直肠癌患者生存期的独立影响因素;通过ROC确定影响因素的敏感度和特异性,评价其预测效能.结果 单因素分析显示,Karnofsky功能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分、NLR、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、前白蛋白、恶病质和呼吸困难6个因素对90 d死亡风险有显著影响(P＜0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,NLR、LDH、恶病质和呼吸困难4个因素为90 d死亡的独立影响因素(P＜0.05);NLR对预测终末期结直肠癌患者90 d死亡有一定的价值,最佳临界值为7.16,敏感度为69.7％,特异性为59.6％,AUC为0.682(95％CI:0.605～0.760).结论 NLR是终末期结直肠癌患者90 d生存期的重要危险因素.     

恶性脑胶质瘤手术联合放疗预后及相关因素分析

目的探讨恶性脑胶质瘤手术联合放疗的临床疗效及预后影响因素.方法外科手术后经病理证实的39例恶性脑胶质瘤患者给予放疗.Log-rank进行单因素分析,Cox回归多因素分析.结果本组中位生存时间15个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为64.4%、28.8%、17.7%.单因素分析显示影响预后的因素包括:年龄、Karnofsky评分、病理分级、手术切除程度、手术至放疗时间.多因素分析显示年龄、Karnofsky评分、病理分级、手术切除程度是影响预后的独立因素.结论外科医师应在不影响患者功能的前提下尽可能完整切除恶性脑胶质瘤,缩短手术至放疗时间以改善预后.     

结直肠癌伴肝转移的治疗及预后因素分析(附171例报告)

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌伴肝转移患者预后的因素和治疗方法的选择.方法 选择171例结直肠癌肝转移患者,分析临床因素与预后的关系.结果 单因素分析显示,原发灶、肝转移灶是否完全切除、病理类型、局部区域淋巴结有无转移、肝转移灶数目、最大径、分布与结直肠癌肝转移的预后有关,多因素分析显示,原发灶切除、肝转移灶切除、肝转移瘤数日、最大径、分布是影响预后的独立因素.结论 对于结直肠癌伴肝转移的患者,肝转移灶多发,最大径超过5cm、分布超过一叶提示患者预后不良,对于仅有肝转移的结直肠癌患者应尽可能手术根治原发灶以及转移灶.     

212例结直肠癌术后复发转移的危险因素分析

目的：探讨影响结直肠癌术后复发转移的临床病理因素,以期提高结直肠癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月在该院行结直肠癌手术治疗的212例Ⅰ～Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料及随访资料,选择对结直肠癌术后复发转移可能产生影响的临床病理因素进行单因素及多因素 Logistic 回归分析。结果单因素分析显示,T 分期、大体类型、合并梗阻或穿孔、术后淋巴血管侵犯与术后局部复发有关（P ＜0．05）;年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、T 分期、分化程度、合并梗阻或穿孔、术后淋巴血管侵犯与术后远处转移有关（P＜0．05）。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示,年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度是影响结直肠癌术后转移的独立危险因素（P＜0．05）;复发的多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度是影响结直肠癌术后转移的独立危险因素。     

指纹基因群分析揭示锯齿型结直肠癌的预后和耐药特性

目的利用指纹基因群(GES)分析技术挖掘现有公共芯片数据揭示锯齿型结直肠癌的预后和耐药特性。方法从基因表达谱数据储存公共平台(GEO)中下载4个有预后信息的结直肠癌表达谱芯片数据(GSE14333、GSE17538、GSE33113、GSE37892),用批间误差校正和单基因信息抽提等信息技术获得1个整合的表达谱队列(n=600)。获得锯齿型结直肠癌表达谱有关数据及相应特异性指纹基因群,并与前面的表达谱队列合并,建立指纹基因群评分系统,依托已知锯齿型结直肠癌样本的基因群评分确定分组界值。根据分组界值,将600例结直肠癌分为锯齿型、过渡型和传统型结直肠癌组,利用Kaplan-Meier和Cox模型分析锯齿型结直肠癌的预后特征。同时,收集并下载与不可切除结直肠癌姑息治疗有关的表达谱数据(GSE28702、GSE5851),经表达谱数据抽提整理后,获得每个样本的锯齿型指纹基因群评分,通过比较治疗有效组和无效组之间评分的统计学差异来揭示锯齿型结直肠癌与药物耐药的关系。结果根据结直肠癌亚型评分界值,600个结直肠癌中有50个被分为锯齿型,126个被分类为过渡型,424个被分为传统型。锯齿型和过渡型结直肠癌与传统型结直肠癌相比具有几乎完全相同的预后能力,多因素Cox模型发现锯齿型和过渡型结直肠癌是患者术后复发的独立危险因素。单纯比较锯齿型和传统型结直肠癌,多因素Cox模型发现锯齿型结直肠癌是患者预后的不良因素(AHR=1.792,95%CI 1.011~3.177)。西妥昔治疗有效组的指纹基因群评分显著低于无效组(P=0.017),但FOLFOX治疗有效组和无效组的基因群评分无差异。结论结直肠癌锯齿型亚型是结直肠癌患者术后复发的独立危险因素,且与西妥昔单抗治疗耐药相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.