前列腺癌患者外周血PSA mRNA的意义

目的 探讨前列腺特异抗原（PSA） mRNA在前列腺癌（PCa)患者外周血表达的意义。方法 运用巢式RT－PCR检测36例PCa患者,28例良性前列腺组织增生（BPH）患者和15例健康志愿者外周血。结果 BPH患者和志愿者外周血PSA mRNA均阴性,36例PCa外周血PSA mRNA阳性率38．9％（14／36）。PSA mRNA表达阳性率随肿瘤分期进展而增高,各期阳性率有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论 PSA mRNA特异表达于PCa外周血,可用作PCa微转移的指标。     

尿液DD3mRNA定量检测在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨前列腺按摩后尿沉渣中DD3mRNA含量在前列腺癌诊断中应用价值。方法收集前列腺癌(Pca)患者18例、良性前列腺增生(BPH)33例,在前列腺穿刺活检前收集前列腺按摩后的尿液,离心取细胞沉淀物,用荧光实时定量RT- PCR方法检测DD3 mRNA和PSAmRNA含量,以PSAmRNA作为管家基因校正尿沉渣中的前列腺细胞,以DD3mRNA/PSAmR- NA比值表示尿DD3mRNA含量。用ROC曲线对DD3mRNA诊断PCa的性能进行分析,并与血清tPSA进行了比较,同时探讨了尿DD3mRNA阳性率与临床分期和病理分级的关系。结果Pca患者尿DD3mRNA表达量明显高于BPH患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,ROC-AUC=0.716(95%CI:0.572～0.861)。当截断值为0.118时,DD3mRNA的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为67.0%、78.8%、77.4%、63. 2%、83.9%、3.41和0.35。若血清tPSA分别以4ng/ml和10ng/ml为截断值时,灵敏度分别为100%和94.4%,特异度分别为15.25和57.6%。DD3mRNA的阳性率与临床分期和病理分级无关。结论DD3mRNA的特异性明显高于血清PSA,尿液DD3mRNA的检测可减少不必要的前列腺穿刺,作为PCa的一种非损伤性诊断方法具有良好的应用前景。     

RT-PCR检测前列腺癌患者PSMA mRNA表达的临床意义

目的应用巢氏逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测前列腺癌（PCa）患者外周血前列腺特异性膜抗原mRNA（PSMA mRNA）的表达并探讨其临床应用意义。方法采用巢氏RT—PCR检测28例PCa患者、20例前列腺增生（BPH）患者和10例健康男性外周血中PSMA mRNA的表达情况。结果28例PCa患者中PSMA mRNA表达阳性18例。20例BPH患者和10例健康男性均为阴性。检测灵敏度为64．29％，特异性为100．00％。18例接受内分泌治疗的患者中PSMA mRNA表达阳性13例，阳性率为72．22％，未接受内分泌治疗的患者阳性率为40．oo％。PSMA mRNA与前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平具有明显相关性，随着PSA水平的升高PSMA mRNA阳性率也随之升高，各组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PSMA mRNA与PCa的临床分期也有明显的相关性，D期PCa患者的PSMA mRNA阳性率明显高于B、C期，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PSMA mRNA与PCa的病理分期无明显相关性。PSMA mRNA与PCa的转移有明显的相关性，己出现骨转移者PSMA mRNA阳性率明显升高。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论巢氏RT—PCR检测PCa患者外周血中PSMA mRNA表达的方法是一种十分有应用价值的诊断PCa及监测PCa微转移的方法，特别是对接受过内分泌治疗的患者，检测PSMA mRNA要比PSA mRNA更有意义。     

前列腺癌组织中DD3和PSA基因定量表达与临床意义

目的探讨DD3和PSA基因在前列腺癌组织中定量表达及其临床意义。方法用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对21例前列腺癌组织(PCa)、39例良性前列腺增生(BPH)组织中DD3mRNA和PSAmRNA含量进行检测,用ROC曲线对DD3mRNA、PSAmRNA和DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA等指标对前列腺癌诊断价值进行评价。结果LNCaP细胞株中PSAmRNA含量约为DD3mRNA的4000倍。PCa组织中DD3mRNA和PSAmRNA含量以及DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA比值均显著高于BPH组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0·01),但PCa不同临床分期和分化程度间差异无统计学意义(P值均>0·05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,DD3mRNA、PSAmRNA和DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA的曲线下面积(AUC-ROC)分别为0·937(95%CI:0·879~0·995)、0·755(95%CI:0·629~0·880)和0·839(95%CI:0·738~0·940)。当DD3mRNA、PSAmRNA和DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA临界值分别为1·4×105copies/mgtissue、3·0×107copies/mgtissue和5·0×10-3时,灵敏度分别为90·5%、81·0%和81·0%;特异度分别为85·0%、62·0%和66·7%。若将DD3mRNA和PSAmRNA联合用于PCa的诊断,其特异性与DD3mRNA相同,特异性均为85·0%,灵敏度可达100%。结论PCa组织DD3mRNA、PSAmRNA和DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA较BPH组织显著增高,DD3mRNA用于PCa的诊断性能均优于PSAmRNA和DD3mRNA/PSAmRNA,DD3mRNA和PSAmRNA的联合检测时特异度与DD3mRNA相同,但可明显提高灵敏度,对PCa的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

磁共振波谱与弥散成像在前列腺癌筛选中的价值

【目的】探讨磁共振波谱（MRS）与弥散成像（DWI）在疑似前列腺癌（PCa）筛选中的应用价值。【方法】选择122例术前前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）异常、直肠指检或B超异常的疑似PCa患者,其中69例采用MRS检查,53例采用DWI检查,测量感兴趣区的（Cho＋Cr）／Cit比值或表观弥散系数（ADC）值。对比术后病检结果,分析比较MRS组及DWI组灵敏度、特异度及ROC曲线下面积。【结果】所有患者均于磁共振检查1个月内获得病理结果,其中MRS组PCa病人21例,前列腺增生（BPH）病人48例。PCa与BPH（Cho＋Cr）／Cit比值分别为（1．19±1．08）及（3．23±2．30）,二者间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。ROC曲线下面积0．780,敏感度及特异度分别为81％及75％。DWI组PCa病人15例,BPH病人38例。在取b值1000s／mm。时,PCa与BPH的ADC值分别为（0．783±0．14）×10^-3mm^2／s及（1．39±0．15）×10^-3mm^2／s,两者间差异有统计学意义（P=0．000）。ROC曲线下面积0．862,敏感性与特异性分别为78．1％及91．5％。【结论】MRS及DWI均是无创的功能性磁共振成像检查,在PCa筛选方面均具有较高诊断价值,其中DWI诊断效能高于MRS。     

尿液蛋白激酶Y基因启动子位点甲基化在前列腺癌早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨尿液蛋白激酶（PRKY）基因启动子位点甲基化在前列腺癌（PCa）早期诊断中的临床价值。方法 收集50例疑似PCa患者的尿液,提取DNA后,通过定量甲基化特异性PCR(qMSP)法检测PRKY基因启动子位点cg05163709、cg08045599及cg05618150甲基化水平,同时将患者分为良性前列腺增生（BPH）组和PCa组,并分析两组患者临床指标差异以及两组患者尿液中的PRKY基因启动子位点甲基化状态。建立受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,分析其在PCa中的诊断价值,并联合临床指标进行联合诊断。结果 PCa患者尿液标本中cg05163709和cg05618150甲基化率明显高于BPH患者,其中cg05163709甲基化诊断PCa的AUC为0.762,敏感度为86.70%。与前列腺特异性抗原（tPSA）等临床指标相比,PRKY甲基化在PCa早期筛查中表现更好。cg05618150甲基化与前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）联合诊断的AUC为0.787,敏感度为86.70%;cg05163709甲基化与PSAD联合诊断PCa的AUC为0.855,特异度为95...     

血清前列腺特异抗原和前列腺特异抗原密度对前列腺癌诊断价值评价

目的探讨血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）及前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）在前列腺癌诊断及其与良性前列腺增生鉴别诊断中的价值。方法采用化学发光免疫分析法检测前列腺癌患者（65例）和前列腺增生患者（116例）血清PSA水平，同时利用B超测定患者前列腺体积，计算出PSAD值，对患者进行分组比较。运用ROC曲线对PSA和PSAD诊断前列腺癌的价值进行分析。结果前列腺癌组与前列腺增生组患者在不同PSA区段和不同PSAD区段的分布差异均有非常显著性（P均〈0．01）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，PSA和PSAD的曲线下面积分别为0．948（95％CI：0.907—0．989）和0．971（95％CI：0．944～0．999）。当PSA和PSADI临界值分别为4ng／ml和0．15时，敏感性分别为98．5％和96．9％，特异性分别为24.1％和63．8％；而当PSA和PSAD临界值分别为10ng／ml和0．20时，敏感性分别为95．4％和93．8％，特异性分别为67．2％和82.8％。结论PSA和PSAD在前列腺癌诊断及其与前列腺增生鉴别诊断中均有一定的价值；PSAD更能提高诊断前列腺癌的特异性和准确度，有利于前列腺癌与良性前列腺增生的鉴别诊断。     

游离与总前列腺特异抗原比值检测前列腺癌的临床应用

目的：探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原（F－PSA）与总前列腺特异性抗原（T－PSA）比值在鉴别前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺癌（PCa)中的临床价值。方法：采用放射免疫分析法,同时检测175例良、恶性前列腺疾病患者血清T－PSA和F－PSA,并计算F－PSA／T－PSA。结果：T－PSA,F－PSA,PFSA／T－PSA检测PCa的敏感性分别为91．2％,80．8％,88．2％,特异性分别为55．1％,59．8％,87．9％,T－PSA在4－10ng/ml范围内,BPH组和PCa组F－PSA／T－PSA有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）,而T－PSA差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。结论F－PSA／T－PSA比值检测PCa在保持敏感性的同时,可显著地提高其特异性,是筛选诊断早期PCa极有价值的指标。     

前列腺癌患者外周血中前列腺癌抗原3基因和前列腺特异性抗原基因联合检测的意义

目的 评价外周血前列腺痛抗原3基因(prostate cancer antigen 3,PCA3 mRNA)和前列腺特异性抗原基因(prostate specific antigen,PSA mRNA)联合检测对前列腺癌(PCa)及对其微转移诊断的价值.方法 用双重荧光实时定量逆转录(dFQ-RT)-PCR对49例PCa和71例前列腺增生(BPH)患者外周血PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA进行定量检测,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其在PCa诊断和微转移监测中的价值.结果 PCa组外周血PCA3 mRNA含量明显高于BPH组[2 362(<3-7 421)拷贝/ml比<30拷贝/ml,Z=-6.66,P<0.01],而PSA mRNA含量也明显高于BPH组[3 425(908～36 639)拷贝/ml比<200拷贝/ml,Z=-6.40,P<0.01];PCa组外周血PCA3mRNA和PSA mRNA的阳性率随临床分期增高而增加[B期:均为30.0%(3/10),C期:60.0%(9/15)和86.7%(13/15),D期:91.7%(22/24)和91.7%(22/24);χ2分别为13.534和16.451,P均<0.01],同时也随Gleason评分增高而增加[2～4分:20.0%(1/5)和40.0%(2/5);5～7分:66.7%(12/18)和72.2%(13/18);8～10分:84.6%(22/26)和92.3%(24/26);χ2分别为8.895和8.015,P均<0.05];ROC曲线显示,当PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA临界值分别为846拷贝/ml和280拷贝/ml时,诊断PCa敏感度分别为69.4%(34/49)和81.7%(40/49),特异度分别为90.1%(64/71)和77.5%(55/71);而联合检测时其敏感度可增至85.7%(42/49),但特异度下降为76.1%(54/71).PCA3 mRNA诊断PCa微转移的敏感度和特异度分别为90.9%(20/22)和84.7%(11/13).结论 外周血PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA检测是PCa诊断的良好指标,而联合检测可弥补PCA3 mRNA敏感度低和PSA mRNA特异度低的不足,而更有利于PCa诊断;PCA3 mRNA可能为PCa微转移诊断的良好指标.     

前列腺癌患者外周血中前列腺癌抗原3基因和前列腺特异性抗原基因联合检测的意义

目的 评价外周血前列腺痛抗原3基因(prostate cancer antigen 3,PCA3 mRNA)和前列腺特异性抗原基因(prostate specific antigen,PSA mRNA)联合检测对前列腺癌(PCa)及对其微转移诊断的价值.方法 用双重荧光实时定量逆转录(dFQ-RT)-PCR对49例PCa和71例前列腺增生(BPH)患者外周血PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA进行定量检测,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其在PCa诊断和微转移监测中的价值.结果 PCa组外周血PCA3 mRNA含量明显高于BPH组[2 362(<3-7 421)拷贝/ml比<30拷贝/ml,Z=-6.66,P<0.01],而PSA mRNA含量也明显高于BPH组[3 425(908～36 639)拷贝/ml比<200拷贝/ml,Z=-6.40,P<0.01];PCa组外周血PCA3mRNA和PSA mRNA的阳性率随临床分期增高而增加[B期:均为30.0%(3/10),C期:60.0%(9/15)和86.7%(13/15),D期:91.7%(22/24)和91.7%(22/24);χ2分别为13.534和16.451,P均<0.01],同时也随Gleason评分增高而增加[2～4分:20.0%(1/5)和40.0%(2/5);5～7分:66.7%(12/18)和72.2%(13/18);8～10分:84.6%(22/26)和92.3%(24/26);χ2分别为8.895和8.015,P均<0.05];ROC曲线显示,当PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA临界值分别为846拷贝/ml和280拷贝/ml时,诊断PCa敏感度分别为69.4%(34/49)和81.7%(40/49),特异度分别为90.1%(64/71)和77.5%(55/71);而联合检测时其敏感度可增至85.7%(42/49),但特异度下降为76.1%(54/71).PCA3 mRNA诊断PCa微转移的敏感度和特异度分别为90.9%(20/22)和84.7%(11/13).结论 外周血PCA3 mRNA和PSA mRNA检测是PCa诊断的良好指标,而联合检测可弥补PCA3 mRNA敏感度低和PSA mRNA特异度低的不足,而更有利于PCa诊断;PCA3 mRNA可能为PCa微转移诊断的良好指标.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.