何首乌多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫保护作用

目的:探讨何首乌多糖(PPM)对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法:小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型后,灌胃PPM 0.4,0.8,1.6 g.kg-1,qd,连续给药10 d,另设模型对照组和正常对照组。采用显微镜观察腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率、吞噬指数和T淋巴细胞酯酶阳性率;用分光光度测定血清溶血素含量;用3H-TdR掺入法测定脾细胞淋巴细胞增殖率。结果:PPM能显著拮抗环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫器官重量减轻和白细胞数量减少,明显增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率及吞噬指数,显著增加血清溶血素含量,且能明显促进T淋巴细胞酯酶阳性率和ConA诱导的脾T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论:何首乌多糖对免疫功能低小鼠的免疫功能有明显的增强作用。     

脑忆清胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察脑忆清胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：采用显微镜观察腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数，用分光光度测定血清溶血素含量，用^3H-TdR掺入法测定脾细胞淋巴细胞增殖率，结果：脑忆清胶囊能明显增加正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率及吞噬指数。显著拮抗环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫器官重量减轻，显著增加血清溶血素含量，且能明显促进ConA诱导的脾T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论：脑忆清胶囊对小鼠的免疫功能有较好的改善作用。     

脑忆清胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:观察脑忆清胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:采用显微镜观察腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,用分光光度测定血清溶血素含量,用³H-TdR掺入法测定脾细胞淋巴细胞增殖率。结果:脑忆清胶囊能明显增加正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率及吞噬指数,显著拮抗环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫器官重量减轻,显著增加血清溶血素含量,且能明显促进ConA诱导的脾T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论:脑忆清胶囊对小鼠的免疫功能有较好的改善作用     

瓜蒌皮对环磷酰胺致免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究瓜蒌皮对环磷酰胺致免疫功能低下模型小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:以ip环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫低下模型,ig给予瓜蒌皮浓缩液后采用含药血清体外培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,MTT法考察巨噬细胞的活性及其吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数;测定小鼠体内巨噬细胞的吞噬指数和吞噬系数、血清溶血素含量、淋巴细胞的转化率。结果:瓜蒌皮能提高免疫抑制小鼠吞噬系数、血清溶血素含量,促进T淋巴细胞转化;能提高巨噬细胞的活性及其吞噬鸡红细胞的能力。结论:瓜蒌皮有提高免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

参黄胶囊对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨参黄胶囊对环磷酰胺致免疫抑制模型小鼠免疫功能的作用.方法 分别用环磷酰胺和限食法结合环磷酰胺两种方法建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,分别给予0.26、0.53、1.06 g/kg参黄胶囊,观察其对小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、白细胞数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量(半数溶血值)的影响.结果 应用环磷酰胺后,免疫抑制模型小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、白细胞数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量均显著降低.0.26、0.53、1.06g/kg参黄胶囊均可明显提高用限食法结合环磷酰胺致免疫低下(气虚模型)小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞率、胸腺指数和脾脏指数和环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠体内白细胞数和巨噬细胞吞噬指数;0.53、1.06 g/kg参黄胶囊可明显促使溶血素生成增加.结论 参黄胶囊可明显改善环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能,具有扶正固本、增强机体特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能作用.     

罗汉果多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究罗汉果多糖(SGPS1)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素形成和淋巴细胞转化率。结果SGPS1在高、低剂量下均明显使小鼠胸腺、脾脏等免疫器官重量增加;使小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞百分率及吞噬指数增加;提高小鼠血清溶血素水平;增加小鼠淋巴细胞转化率及胸腺、脾脏指数。结论SGPS1有增强机体免疫功能的作用。     

妇科再造胶囊对环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨妇科再造胶囊对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:用环磷酰胺(100 mg·kg-1,ip) 制备小鼠免疫低下模型,灌胃给予不同剂量的妇科再造胶囊(20,40,80 g·L-1),观察小鼠外周血白细胞计数、免疫器官指数、单核吞噬细胞吞噬指数以及血清溶血素水平.结果:与模型组比较,妇科再造胶囊能够增加免疫功能低下小鼠外周血白细胞数量(P<0.01)及免疫器官指数(P<0.01),并且可以增强单核吞噬细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.05),提高血清溶血素水平(P<0.05).结论:妇科再造胶囊能够增强环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠特异性和非特异性免疫功能,并呈一定的剂量依赖性.     

合成鱼腥草素对环磷酰胺模型小鼠免疫功能的影响

对于环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下模型小鼠 ,灌胃给予合成鱼腥草素 6 0mg/kg、12 0mg/kg能明显增加环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下模型小鼠的脾脏指数、外周血淋巴细胞ANAE阳性百分率 ;增强单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型超敏反应强度及ConA诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力 ;对胸腺指数则无明显影响 ;合成鱼腥草素 12 0mg/kg还能明显增强环磷酰胺模型小鼠血清溶血素的生成及脾脏空斑形成细胞溶血能力 .     

苦参碱对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响,寻找苦参碱治疗慢性乙型肝炎的可能机制。方法采用环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,小鼠腹腔注射苦参碱后,观察苦参碱对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率、对二硝基氯苯所致迟发型超敏反应的影响、和对小鼠血清溶血素抗体的影响。结果苦参碱能抑制T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率,增强网状内皮系统的吞噬能力,但对迟发型超敏反应和血清溶血素抗体无明显影响。结论苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠的细胞免疫具有明显抑制作用,并增强其非特异性免疫。     

屏风扶正液的药理研究

屏风扶正液能明显拮抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠胸腺、脾脏萎缩；显升高免疫功能低下小鼠的血清溶血素含量及白细胞敬；增强正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能；明显延长小鼠耐缺氧时间及游泳时间。     

免疫新策略:经皮免疫

经皮免疫是一种将抗原和佐剂局部应用于皮肤诱导产生全身免疫反应的一种新方法。皮肤不但是组织外源性物质包括病原体进入体内的物理屏障,还是复杂有效的免疫系统,因此皮肤是重要的免疫接种靶标。在人类和多种动物的实验中,经皮免疫的效果已经得到了证实。经皮免疫是一种免疫的新策略,有着广阔的实际应用前景。     

免疫检查点抑制剂致急性肾损伤的研究进展

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICPi)是一种靶向作用于表达在T细胞表面的免疫抑制分子的单克隆抗体,其作为一种新兴的免疫治疗药物,已广泛用于治疗各种实体肿瘤和血液系统肿瘤。然而,ICPi也导致了一类新的自体免疫相关不良反应的发生,一般称之为免疫治疗相关不良反应(irAEs)。急性肾损伤(AKI)为ICPi常见的irAEs之一,本文就ICPi诱发AKI的临床表现、发生率、危险因素、发生机制及相关治疗等内容进行综述。ICPi致AKI的风险明显高于化疗药物,其发生的危险因素涉及ICPi药物种类和联用质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)。ICPi所致AKI最常见的临床表现为血清肌酐升高和脓尿,典型的组织病理学特征为急性肾小管间质性肾炎(ATIN)。在使用ICPi治疗期间应密切监测肾功能,以便早期发现及干预AKI,治疗以糖皮质激素治疗为主,必要时可加用免疫抑制类药物。本研究可为我国ICPi的临床安全应用提供参考,以期改善肿瘤患者预后,使其更大程度获益。     

Protein kinase C isozymes as potential therapeutic targets in immune disorders

Background: Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family are key signalling mediators in immune responses, and pharmacological inhibition of PKCs may be useful for treating immune-mediated diseases. Objective: To review and discuss the insights gained so far into various PKC isozymes and the therapeutic potential and challenges of developing PKC inhibitors for immune disorder therapy. Methods: A literature review of the role of PKCs in immune cell signalling and recent studies describing immune functions associated with PKC isozyme deficiency in relevant mouse disease models, followed by specific case studies of current and potential therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs. Results/conclusion: There is vast amount of data supporting PKC isozymes as attractive drug targets for certain immune disorders. Although the development of specific PKC isozyme inhibitors has been challenging, some progress has been made. It remains to be seen if broad-scale or isozyme-selective inhibition of PKC will have clinical efficacy.     

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in cancer: targeting pathological immune tolerance with small-molecule inhibitors

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible, extrahepatic enzyme that catalyses the initial and rate-limiting step in the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Elevated tryptophan catabolism mediated by IDO is associated with a wide variety of human cancers and has historically been thought to be a tumoricidal consequence of IFN-γ exposure. Evidence of a physiological requirement for IDO activity in protecting the allogeneic fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system has stimulated a radical shift in thinking about the role of IDO in cancer. Evidence now suggests that tumours can exploit IDO-mediated peripheral tolerance to promote immune escape. This review summarises key studies that implicate IDO as an important mediator of peripheral immune tolerance as well as the development of a promising new anticancer modality that incorporates the use of IDO inhibitors. The second part focuses on the current state of development of IDO inhibitory compounds as potential pharmaceutical agents.     

Exploration of gene expression profiles and immune microenvironment between high and low tumor mutation burden groups in prostate cancer

BackgroundTumor mutation burden (TMB) has been established as a biomarker for response to immune therapy and prognosis in various cancers. However, the association between TMB and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of TMB in biochemical recurrence (BCR) and the immune microenvironment in high and low TMB groups.MethodsMutation data, gene expression, clinicopathological information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Mutation types and TMB values were identified. All samples were divided into high and low TMB groups with median TMB value as the cutoff point. The BCR-free survival rates, Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune cells infiltrations in different TMB groups were identified.ResultsThe most common variant type and SNV were single nucleotide polymorphism and C > T. respectively. High TMB level was significantly associated with older age, positive lymph node, higher International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade, advanced stage and poor BCR-free survival. 132 DEGs were identified and involved in receptor ligand activity and hormone activity. High expression of six core genes UBE2C, PLK1, CDC20, BUB1, CDK1 and HJURP were associated with worse BCR-free survival. The analysis of immune cells infiltration revealed that the amount of activated CD4⁺ memory T cells was significantly different in high and low TMB groups.ConclusionsThe current study comprehensively described the summary of mutation and TMB related DEGs in PCa. TMB was associated with BCR-free survival and the infiltration of activated CD4⁺ memory T cells in the immune microenvironment.     

Prognosis prediction signature of seven immune genes based on HPV status in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) has a high incidence and mortality rate, with a low 5-year survival rate, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of its carcinogenic risks. However, little evidence exists on the impact of HPV infection on the survival of patients with CC. In the present study, the CC cohort and immune genes were downloaded from the TCGA database and the ImmPort database, respectively. Subsequently, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed and found that HPV status was involved in multiple immune signaling pathways, which revealed that HPV infection might play critical roles in the immune response. Then seven prognostic immune genes were identified according to HPV status in CC. Using the seven immune genes, we established an immune risk score (IRS) signature and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high IRS was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of CC in both the training sets (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.66–3.33; AUC = 0.712) and the validation sets (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02–1.85 and AUC = 0.583 in TCGA-HNSCC; HR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.364–4.893, AUC = 0.676 in GSE44001). A nomogram of IRS combined with clinical features was established, and further analyses demonstrated that the power of the nomogram to predict the prognosis of CC was more reliable than that of a single independent factor. In conclusion, this study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between HPV and immune mechanisms as well as a novel signature that can effectively predict the prognosis of CC patients.     

免疫检查点抑制剂致神经系统不良反应

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICBs）释放机体对肿瘤的"免疫刹车",掀起了肿瘤免疫治疗的热潮,临床已用于治疗黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、转移性肾癌和转移性尿路上皮癌。ICBs所致的免疫相关的神经系统不良反应（nAEs）,严重性不容忽视。本文将针对ICBs所致的nAEs发生率、临床表现和诊断、危险因素、发生机制及治疗进行阐述。     

枸杞多糖抗肿瘤作用免疫学机理的探讨

目的:探讨枸杞多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.方法:60只小鼠随机分为6组:正常对照组、荷瘤对照组、环磷酰胺(Cy)阳性对照组和5,10,20 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 枸杞多糖(LBP)组,每组10只,各组分别给予相应剂量,灌胃给药后,检测胸腺重量及巨噬细胞吞噬功能、脾细胞抗体、CTL杀伤功能.结果:一定剂量的LBP能显著抑制移植性肿瘤S180的生长,且能明显增强荷瘤鼠巨噬细胞率和吞噬指数,增加脾细胞抗体生成,提高荷瘤鼠的脾细胞转化功能和CTL的杀伤能力,均以10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 LBP效果最佳.结论:LBP显著提高荷瘤小鼠的非常异性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,且能显著提高荷瘤小鼠CTL的杀伤能力.这可能是枸杞多糖抗移植性肿瘤的机理之一.