新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵的肌松残余作用

目的 观察新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵的肌松残余作用的剂量反应和安全性.方法 全麻下50例患者以咪唑安定、丙泊酚和芬太尼麻醉诱导,七氟醚-N2O、丙泊酚维持麻醉.维库溴铵首剂0.1 mg/kg,术中必要时追加0.05 mg/kg.采用加速度肌松监测仪监测4个成串刺激的比值(TOFR).术后TOFR恢复至0.55时,患者随机分为N10、N20、N30、N50 和对照组(n=10),N10、N20、N30和N50组分别给予新斯的明10、20、30 、50 μg/kg和阿托品5、10、15、25 μg/kg,对照组静脉注射生理盐水2 mL.监测TOFR恢复至0.7、0.9、1.0的时间、心率和血压的变化,观察术后6 h内和24 h内恶心呕吐的发生状况.结果 新斯的明明显加快TOFR的恢复(P<0.01),其中N30组和N50组较N10组和N20组恢复时间明显缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01).N30组和N50组给药后1 min时心率明显增快(P<0.05),各组血压无明显变化(P>0.05).术后6 h及24 h各组恶心呕吐情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 当TOFR值已恢复至0.55时,仍应进行肌松作用的拮抗,不同剂量的新斯的明都能有效地拮抗麻醉恢复期维库溴铵的肌松残余作用,推荐使用小剂量(10～20 μg/kg)的新斯的明进行拮抗.     

新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵的肌松残余作用

目的 观察新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵的肌松残余作用的剂量反应和安全性.方法 全麻下50例患者以咪唑安定、丙泊酚和芬太尼麻醉诱导,七氟醚-N2O、丙泊酚维持麻醉.维库溴铵首剂0.1 mg/kg,术中必要时追加0.05 mg/kg.采用加速度肌松监测仪监测4个成串刺激的比值(TOFR).术后TOFR恢复至0.55时,患者随机分为N10、N20、N30、N50 和对照组(n=10),N10、N20、N30和N50组分别给予新斯的明10、20、30 、50 μg/kg和阿托品5、10、15、25 μg/kg,对照组静脉注射生理盐水2 mL.监测TOFR恢复至0.7、0.9、1.0的时间、心率和血压的变化,观察术后6 h内和24 h内恶心呕吐的发生状况.结果 新斯的明明显加快TOFR的恢复(P<0.01),其中N30组和N50组较N10组和N20组恢复时间明显缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01).N30组和N50组给药后1 min时心率明显增快(P<0.05),各组血压无明显变化(P>0.05).术后6 h及24 h各组恶心呕吐情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 当TOFR值已恢复至0.55时,仍应进行肌松作用的拮抗,不同剂量的新斯的明都能有效地拮抗麻醉恢复期维库溴铵的肌松残余作用,推荐使用小剂量(10～20 μg/kg)的新斯的明进行拮抗.     

七氟烷对小剂量新斯的明拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的影响

目的 比较丙泊酚与七氟烷维持麻醉时给予小剂量新斯的明拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松作用的效果. 方法 将60例于全身麻醉下行择甥手术的患者随机分为4组,分别为丙泊酚维持麻醉术后不拮抗肌松组(Pc)、丙泊酚维持拮抗肌松组(Pn)、七氟烷维持不拮抗肌松组(Sc)和七氟烷维持拮抗肌松组(Sn).予咪达唑仑,芬太尼,丙泊酚和罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg麻醉诱导后行气管插管,术中间断追加罗库溴铵0.15 mg/kg.Pc、Pn组持续静脉输注丙泊酚4～10 mg·kg-1·h-1,Sc、Sn组吸入1～1.5最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)七氟烷,应用加速度肌松监测仪监测4个成串刺激中第4个肌颤搐与第1个肌颤搐的比值(TOFR).术后Pc、Sc组自然恢复;Pn、Sn组TOFR恢复至0.7时,静脉注射新斯的明20 μg/kg和阿托品10 μg/kg.监测TOFR由0.7恢复至0.9的时间、心动过缓及术后6和24 h内恶心呕吐的发生情况. 结果 Pc、Pn、Sc和Sn组TOFR由0.7恢复至0.9的时间分别为(13.3±4.5)、(2.9±0.9)、(16.6±5.3)和(4.2±2.1)min.Se组较Pc组显著延长(P＜0.05),Pn、Sn组较Pc、Sc组显著缩短(P值均＜0.01).各组患者均未发生心动过缓.各组间术后6和24 h内恶心呕吐发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05). 结论 小剂量新斯的明拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的效果确切,且不增加不良反应的发生率.七氟烷维持麻醉时残余肌松的自然恢复慢,更应使用小剂量新斯的明拮抗.     

动脉血二氧化碳分压对罗库溴铵肌松恢复和拮抗效果的影响

目的 观察动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)对罗库溴铵肌松恢复和拮抗效果的影响. 方法 选择60例美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,择期于全身麻醉下行妇科手术的成年患者,随机分为4组,每组15例.Ⅰ组为低PaCO2(PaCO2控制目标为30～35 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),肌松自然恢复;Ⅱ组为高PaCO2(PaCO2控制目标为45～50 mmHg),肌松自然恢复;Ⅲ组为低PaCO2拮抗肌松;Ⅳ组为高PaCO2,拮抗肌松.应用TOF-Watch加速度仪监测肌松情况.予丙泊酚、芬太尼和罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg行全身麻醉诱导气管插管,术中当肌松监测仪4个成串刺激(TOF)中第1个刺激(T1)恢复至25%时即追加罗库溴铵0.15 mg/kg.术毕记录T1自25%恢复至75%的时间及T1自25%至TOF中第4个肌颤搐与第1个肌颤搐的比值(TOFR)为0.9的恢复时间.拮抗组在T1为25%时予新斯的明20 μg/kg和阿托品0.5 mg拮抗. 结果 4组间年龄、体质指数、麻醉药用量、麻醉持续时间、血流动力学变化的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组的T1自25%恢复至75%的时间分别为(13.12±2.65)、(18.60±6.58)、(5.39±2.43)和(8.87±5.41)min,T1自25%至TOFR 0.9的恢复时间分别为(26.35±6.04)、(34.58±6.58)、(13.28±5.49)和(17.10±4.64)min.Ⅱ组的T1自25%恢复至75%的时间及T1自25%至TOFR 0.9的恢复时间均较Ⅰ组显著延长(P值均＜0.01),Ⅳ组的T1自25%恢复至75%的时间及T1自25%至TOFR 0.9的恢复时间均较Ⅲ组显著延长(P值均＜0.05). 结论 PaCO2升高使罗库溴铵的自然恢复和小剂量新斯的明拮抗后的恢复时间均有延长.     

体温对罗库溴铵残余肌松恢复和拮抗效果的影响

目的 观察术中保温对罗库溴铵肌松恢复和残余肌松拮抗效果的影响. 方法 将40例择期在全身麻醉下行手术的患者随机分为4组:术中不保温和术后肌松自然恢复组(I组),术中不保温和术后残余肌松拮抗组(Ⅱ组),术中保温和术后肌松自然恢复组(Ⅲ组),术中保温和术后肌松拮抗组(Ⅳ组).予丙泊酚、芬太尼和0.6 mg/kg罗库溴铵诱导气管插管,术中使用4个成串刺激(TOF)-Watch SX监测,TOF中第1个肌颤搐出现的时间(T1)恢复至0.25时给予罗库溴铵0.15 mg/kg.Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组采用热毯加覆盖法保持体温.手术结束后当TOF中第4个肌颤搐与第1个肌颤搐的比值(TOFR)恢复至0.6,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组给予新斯的明0.015 mg/kg和阿托品0.5 mg拮抗肌松,Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组让肌松自然恢复. 结果 Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的术毕体温显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P值均＜0.05).对于术后拮抗的患者,Ⅳ组的TOFR恢复时间为(15.5±2.6)min,显著短于Ⅱ组的(6.3±2.0)min(P＜0.05);对于术后不拮抗的患者,Ⅲ组的TOFR恢复时间为(15.5±2.6)min,显著短于Ⅰ组的(19.5±6.3)min(P＜0.05).对于术中保温的患者,Ⅳ组的TOFR恢复时间显著短于Ⅲ组(P＜0.01);对于术中不保温的患者,Ⅱ组的TOFR恢复时间显著短于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01). 结论 术中保温有助于患者术后罗库溴铵残余肌松的恢复和拮抗.     

新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵肌松作用在小儿扁桃体手术的应用观察

目的:观察分析新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵肌松作用在小儿扁桃体手术的应用效果。方法:选取100例择期行扁桃体切除的手术患者,随机分为两组,每组50例,观察组术毕运用新斯的明拮抗,对照组术毕不用新斯的明拮抗。麻醉诱导用咪达唑仑、丙泊酚、芬太尼和维库溴铵,应用肌松监测仪分别监测T1和TOFR,手术结束当T1为10%时,观察组给予新斯的明0.035mg/kg、阿托品0.01mg/kg进行拮抗,当TOFR恢复至75%时拔除气管导管。比较两组单刺激肌颤搐(T1)恢复到25%、75%、90%的时间,4个成串刺激比率(TOFR)恢复到25%、75%的时间以及颤搐高度从25%恢复到75%的时间(RI)。结果:观察组与对照组比较,T1恢复到25%、75%、90%的时间及TOFR恢复到25%、75%的时间和恢复指数(RI)均明显缩短,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用新斯的明可以明显缩短肌松恢复时间,缩短术后拔管时间。     

新斯的明对婴幼儿麻醉恢复期轻度肌松残余作用的拮抗效果

目的探究麻醉恢复期新斯的明拮抗婴幼儿轻度肌松残余作用的剂量以及安全性。方法选择全身麻醉下择期手术80例,随机将患儿分为4组,即N0组(对照组),N10组,N20组,N30组,给予新斯的明剂量分别为0μg/kg,10μg/kg,20μg/kg,30μg/kg,给予拮抗剂的时机为TOFR 0.4或0.6。记录TOFR恢复到0.9和1.0的时间,给药后心率、血压变化情况以及术后24 h内不良反应的发生情况。结果与N0组相比,N10、N20、N30组肌松恢复时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。TOFR恢复到0.9和1.0的时间,N30组较N10组显著缩短(P<0.05),N20组与N30组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心率变化:N30组心率上升和下降程度均较N10,N20两组显著(P<0.05)。与N10和N20组比较,N30组心动过缓发生率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 TOFR为0.4或0.6时,给予小剂量新斯的明能有效缩短肌松恢复时间,推荐剂量为20μg/kg。     

不同年龄组用新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵肌松作用的观察

目的观察分析新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵肌松作用在不同年龄组的差异和可能的原因。方法60例择期手术患者按年龄随机分为4组，每组15例：E1，E1组年龄61～80岁；Y1，Y2组年龄40～60岁；E1，Y1组术毕用新斯的明拮抗；E2，Y2组术毕不用新斯的明拮抗。麻醉诱导用咪达唑仑、丙泊酚、芬太尼和维库溴铵，使用肌松监测仪监测T1和TOFR，术毕T1=10％时拮抗组给新斯的明0．035mg／kg、阿托品0．01mg／kg拮抗，当TOFR恢复75％时拔除气管导管。比较各组T1恢复到25％、75％、90％的时间，TOFR恢复到25％、75％的时间以及恢复指数（RJ）。结果E1组与B组比较，Y1组与Y2组比较，T1恢复到25％、75％、90％的时间以及TOFR恢复到25％、75％的时间和RI均明显缩短，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；E2组与Y2组比较，T1恢复到25％、75％、90％的时间以及TOFR恢复到25％、75％的时间和RI均有延长，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；E1组与Y1组比较T1恢复到25％、75％的时间以及TOFR恢复到25％的时间和刚均有延长，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），T1恢复到90％的时间和TOFR恢复到75％的时间明显延长，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论使用新斯的明可以明显缩短肌松恢复时间，单剂量维库溴铵在不同年龄组的恢复时间无显著差异，老年人使用新斯的明拮抗肌松，其肌松效应完全恢复时间较长，     

梗阻性黄疸患者应用罗库溴铵后肌松时效的观察

目的:观察罗库溴铵(rocuronium,ROC)用于梗阻性黄疸患者的肌松时效以及术后ROC的肌松残留情况.方法:无神经肌肉疾患、肾功能正常,行择期全麻手术的患者40例,分为两组:观察组(Ⅰ组)20例,为梗阻性黄疸患者,ASA Ⅲ级;对照组(Ⅱ组)20例,非黄疸患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级.均采用静脉复合麻醉,用4个成串刺激(TOF)进行肌松监测,其值为TOFR.ROC首量为3×ED95(0.9 mg/kg),当术中TOFR(T4/T1)恢复达25%时追加1×ED95(0.3 mg/kg).观察ROC的起效时间、临床时效、TOFR从0恢复至70%和从70%恢复至90%的时间以及拔管即刻的TOFR,同时监测血气.结果:Ⅰ组末次给药ROC作用时间长于Ⅱ组.拔管时各组的TOF值及TOFR＜70%的例数无显著差异.术后两组均不同程度存在肌松残留情况,但观察组肌松残留时间长于对照组.结论:梗阻性黄疸可导致ROC药效时间的延长和术后TOFR恢复时间的延长,临床上使用ROC时,追加药物时间须适当延长,并且拔除气管内导管时应以TOFR恢复达90%时为宜.     

新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵残余肌松的量效反应与时机

[目的]探讨新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵残余肌松(RNMB)在更年期手术患者中的量效反应与时机。[方法]选择全麻手术患者60例,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组。常规静脉全麻诱导,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼恒速泵注维持麻醉,间断静注维库溴铵。术毕四次成串刺激(TOF)第二个颤搐反应(T2)自发恢复时,给予神经肌肉阻滞拮抗药新斯的明,三组剂量分别为0.02 mg/kg、0.03 mg/kg、0.04 mg/kg。记录注药后四个成串刺激比值(TOFR)恢复到0.7、0.9的时间和T1恢复到75%(恢复指数RI)的时间。记录给药后5 min内心率(P)和平均动脉血压(MAP)的变化。[结果]Ⅱ、Ⅲ组拮抗后TOFR恢复到0.7、0.9的时间和RI时间明显短于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。拮抗后1～2 min时Ⅲ组心率明显增快,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);三组患者拮抗前后MAP变化差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。[结论]在T2自发恢复时给予新斯的明拮抗维库溴铵神经肌肉阻滞是安全可行的,更年期患者推荐剂量为0.03 mg/kg。     

维库溴胺与琥珀胆碱用于快诱导插管的比较

比较维库溴胺与琥珀胆碱用于静脉快诱导气管内插管时的插管条件。 15 0例病人随机分为维库溴胺 0 0 8mg·kg-1、0 10mg·kg-1和琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1组 ,均采用静脉快诱导完成气管内插管 ;插管条件按Viby -Morgensen等标准分为优、良、差 ,优良者视为临床可行插管条件。①维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1组显著优于 0 0 8mg·kg-1组 (P <0 0 1) ;②维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1组与琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1组插管条件优良率无显著差异 (96 %vs 97% ) ,但优异率显著低于琥珀胆碱组 (6 2 %vs 80 % )。维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1可替代琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1用于静脉快诱导气管内插管。     

A clinical study of intubating conditions under vecuronium bromide.

The drug vecuronium bromide, a short acting, non-depolarising agent with little side-effects, has brought much promise in the field of muscle relaxants. Fifth healthy patients were induced with injection thiopentone sodium 4 mg/kg and vecuronium bromide, 0.1 mg/kg was given IV. The earliest time at which the largest percentage of patients could be intubated satisfactorily was noted. The intubating conditions were estimated by scoring method. The duration of clinical relaxation was decided from the time of IV injection of vecuronium bromide to the return of muscle power of the non-respiratory muscles requiring repeat dose of the drug. The ideal intubating condition was achieved at 120 seconds and the duration of clinical relaxation ranged from 11-15 minutes.     

Vecuronium and fentanyl requirement in abdominal surgery under combined epidural-general anaesthesia and general anaesthesia alone

Individual effect of epidural block and general anaesthesia is well established in the field of anaesthesiology. But adequate literature is yet not available to give decisive answer regarding the requirement of muscle relaxants and opioid analgesic when the two methods are combined together. In the present study, sixty patients, aged 18-50 years of both sexes with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grading I and II scheduled to undergo for major abdominal surgery were assigned randomly into two groups (30 in each group), where Group A received general anesthesia and Group B received combined epidural-general anesthesia. The patients with combined technique, epidural catheter tip were placed between T9-10. Ten ml of 0.125% bupivacaine was administered through the epidural catheter. Peripheral nerve stimulator was used to monitor neuromuscular transmission and subsequently to administer incremental dose of neuromuscular blocking drugs. All the patients were pre-medicated with fentanyl (2μg/kg) to reduce intubation reflex. Then the patients of both groups were pre-oxygenated for 3 minute and anaesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 3-5 mg/kg body weight. Endotrachial intubation was facilitated by vecuronium 0.1mg/kg body weight. Anaesthesia was maintained with 60% N2O in O2 and halothane (0.4 to 0.8%). Fentanyl was given in incremental dose of 0.5 μg/kg to maintain an adequate analgesia. The vecuronium was given at the dose of 0.02 mg/kg, when TOF return to 25% of the base line. The mean±SD requirement of vecuronium in general anaesthesia group was 0.0016±0.00013 mg/kg/min and whereas in combined epidural-general anaesthesia, it was 0.0011±0.00014 mg/kg/min. The requirement of fentanyl was 0.71μg/kg/hr in general anaesthetic group whereas in combined group it was 0.31μg/kg/hr. These findings prompt us to place optimal dosing guidelines so as to avoid overdosing and thus delay recovery and help to get the excellent outcome of the surgery.     

单次或持续静脉输入维库溴铵作用时效比较

对比观察单次、分 2次或持续静脉输注等量的维库溴铵 ( 0 .1mg/kg)维持下实际完全神经肌肉阻滞时间的差异。择期神经外科手术病人 30例 ,分成 3组 ,每组 1 0例。静注芬太尼 2 μg/kg,异丙酚 1 .5mg/kg ,维库溴铵0 .1mg/kg诱导插管后 ,以异丙酚 异氟醚静吸复合麻醉 ,用加速度仪监测拇指内收肌电刺激 收缩反应 (四连串刺激 ) ,当T1恢复到 2 %时 ,分组以不同方式给予维库溴铵 :A组 ,0 .0 5mg/kg单次静脉注入 ,待T1=2 %时再重复 1次 ;B组 ,0 .1mg/kg单次静脉注入 ;C组 ,先按 0 .1mg/ (kg·h)输入 ,待T1=0后改为 0 .0 5mg/ (kg·h)。计算实际完全阻滞时间(T1=0～ 2 %之间的时间 )。结果 :A、B、C 3组实际完全阻滞时间分别是 ( 53.0± 3.8)min、( 50 .3± 5.2 )min和( 1 0 2 .7± 5.5)min ,C组与A、B 2组相比均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。持续静脉输入维库溴铵使神经肌肉阻滞时间延长近 1倍     

A pharmacodynamic basis for the peak effect of vecuronium: peak twitch versus peak tetanic fade

Double burst stimulation (DBS), a tetanic test, shows two types of changes during nondepolarising neuromuscular block (NMB) viz, amplitude (D1) suppression and fading of second response (D2), quantified as DBS ratio (D2/D1). During subclinical dose effect of vecuronium bromide both parameters show peak suppression at two distinct intervals. To evaluate, which of the two is the true peak effect of vecuronium, twenty-two ASA 1 patients were given im buprenorphine (5 micro/kg) premedication and iv diazepam (0.1 mg/kg). Vecuronium bromide (0.015 mg/kg) effect was monitored by stimulating ulnar nerve at the wrist. Adductor pollicis response of supramaximal DBS stimuli was recorded on myograph. DBS ratio was calculated with each DBS stimuli, using pocket calculator. In randomly allocated group 1 (n = 11) patients, repeat dose of vecuronium (0.08 mg/kg) was given at the peak D1 suppression and in group 2 (n = 11) at peak DBS ratio suppression. The onset time of repeat dose of vecuronium monitored by one Hz stimuli, to '0' response in group 2 (37.3 +/- 6.65 second) was significantly (p < 0.01) shorter than in group 1 patients (46.8 +/- 9.3 second). It was noteworthy that at the repeat dose of vecuronium while D1 showed recovery in group 2 patients, DBS ratio was concomitantly and significantly lower (0.37 +/- 0.10) (more intense NMB) than in group 1 (0.49 +/- 0.17) patients, with quicker onset of repeat dose. These findings suggest that as the NMB agents show two types of changes during clinical monitoring, DBS test seems to be a better clinical pharmacodynamics-monitoring test for NMB agents. In addition, the peak tetanic fade (peak DBS ratio suppression) correlated with peak effect of vecuronium than the usually measured peak twitch suppression.     

Effects of olprinone on neuromuscular blockade caused by vecuronium

We studied the effect of olprinone on neuromuscular blockade caused by vecuronium. Thirty women undergoing nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia were randomly divided into olprinone (n=15) or control group (n=15). In the olprinone group, the patients received an intravenous initial loading dose of olprinone at a rate of 2 microg/kg/minute for 5 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of olprinone at 0.3 microg/kg/minute. In the control group, the patients received normal saline. Thirty minutes after the beginning of the infusion of olprinone or normal saline, vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) was administered. The degree of neuromuscular blockade was monitored electromyographically at the adductor pollicis muscle. The time to the onset of neuromuscular blockade, and to the return of the first, second, third, or fourth response in train-of-four (TOF; T1, T2, T3, or T4, respectively), and the time course of recovery of T1/control did not differ significantly between the groups. After 50-70 minutes of vecuronium, the TOF ratio (T4/T1) in the olprinone group was significantly higher than in the control group. During this period, the mean TOF ratios in the control and olprinone groups were 0.15-0.39 and 0.40-0.57, respectively. In conclusion, olprinone accelerates the recovery of the TOF ratio, and the quickening effect of olprinone on the recovery of the TOF ratio may be apparent 50-70 minutes after vecuronium in anesthetized patients receiving vecuronium.     

预注维库溴铵快速诱导气管内插管的临床研究

目的:应用肌松药快速气管内插管。方法:60例择期手术患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组,每组20例。Ⅰ组:对照组,静注维库溴铵0.12mg/kg;Ⅱ组:预注维库溴铵0.05mg/kg1min后静注维库溴铵0.07mg/kg;Ⅲ组:预注维库溴铵0.05mg/kg1min后静注琥珀胆碱1.00mg/kg。结果:Ⅰ组显效时间(5.81±0.57)min,较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(1.12±0.42)min、(1.19±0.51)min短,最大效应时间Ⅰ组(18.24±2.52)min延长到Ⅱ、Ⅲ(26.09±1.32)min、(26.92±1.31)min,恢复时间无明显变化;1min后气管插管条件优与良之比为614、173、182(P<0.01)。结论:分次静注肌松药的显效时间(<1.5min)明显缩短,可安全用于快速麻醉诱导气管内插管,无副作用。     

Clinical experiences with vecuronium in children.

The neuromuscular blocking effects of vecuronium have been investigated clinically in children regarding its efficacy and safety. The drug is given either of the two doses--0.08 mg/kg body weight or 0.1 mg/kg body weight in 40 children as a single intravenous bolus injection for endotracheal intubation. Vecuronium in doses of 0.1 mg/kg body weight provided satisfactory clinical relaxation for ideal intubating conditions in all children in reference to the ease of intubation, intermediate duration of action, spontaneous or easy reversal of the neuromuscular block, cardiovascular stability and absence of serious side-effects. Thus vecuronium may be regarded as a useful muscle relaxant in paediatric anaesthesia.     

双向Glenn分流术治疗儿童复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病的麻醉处理

目的回顾总结双向Glenn分流术治疗儿童复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病的麻醉处理经验。方法 2007年1月-2009年12月,新疆医科大学第一附属医院对24例复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿行双向Glenn分流术,年龄4个月～14岁,体重6～30kg。以芬太尼5～10μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1～0.15mg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg静脉注射行麻醉诱导。分别于右侧颈内及右股静脉置入双腔静脉导管,监测中心静脉压(CVP);左侧桡动脉穿刺监测血压。麻醉维持药物为芬太尼15μg/kg及维库溴铵0.1mg/kg。手术开始后,根据心率、血压变化泵入多巴胺3～8μg.kg-1.min-1、硝酸甘油0.1～0.5μg.kg-1.min-1或肾上腺素0.02～0.05μg.kg-1.min-1,维持循环平稳;纠正酸血症,并适当补充人造胶体及新鲜冰冻血浆。结果术后早期患儿的动脉血氧饱和度为(88±6)%,较术前的(69±11)%显著升高(P<0.01)。所有患儿术前肺动脉压力为(13.9±4.3)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后升至(16.8±4.5)mmHg,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前CVP为(6.4±2.3)cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa),术后显著升高至(19.3±3.6)cmH2O(P<0.01)。无1例发生并发症和死亡。结论双向Glenn分流术麻醉处理的关键是维持循环平稳,并及时纠正酸血症和低血容量。     

维库溴铵预给法在全身麻醉下气管内插管术中的应用

[目的 ]观察维库溴铵预给法在全身麻醉诱导时的气管内插管时间 .[方法 ]给予静脉麻醉药使病人安静入睡之前 ,先静脉注射 0 0 3mg/kg维库溴铵 ,然后给予静脉麻醉药 ,病人入睡后再静脉注射0 1mg/kg维库溴铵 .[结果 ]预给法可缩短肌肉松弛药的起效时间 ,使全身麻醉诱导插管时间提前 6 0～ 80s.[结论 ]维库溴铵的预给法不仅可缩短肌肉松弛药的起效时间 ,而且可缩短气管内插管时间 ,接近于琥珀胆碱快速诱导气管内插管的起效时间 ,因而在麻醉诱导插管时可替代琥珀胆碱使用 .