胚胎干细胞来源的树突细胞制备骨髓瘤疫苗的研究

树突细胞（DC）是体内功能最强大的专职抗原呈递细胞，由于其具有激活初始T淋巴细胞的能力，因而被认为是机体免疫的始动者，在抗肿瘤免疫方面发挥着重要作用。DC的免疫治疗亦被认为是最具前景的抗肿瘤治疗方法之一。我们利用胚胎干细胞（ESC）的全能性在体外诱导出具有正常表型及功能的DC用以制备骨髓瘤疫苗，并检测其抗肿瘤活性。     

树突状细胞瘤苗抗肿瘤临床应用进展

树突状细胞（DC）是目前功能最强的抗原提呈细胞，在机体抗肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用。近年来，DC瘤苗抗肿瘤临床应用取得较大进展，现对DC瘤苗的制备及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的临床应用以及存在问题作一综述。     

树突状细胞与移植免疫耐受

树突状细胞（dendritic cells，DC）在机体外周与中枢免疫耐受维持中发挥重要作用，其以多种机制参与自身免疫耐受的形成，且具有极强可塑性，因此成为近年来移植免疫耐受领域的研究热点。本文概述了DC的分型及作用、DC诱导免疫的间接通路、Flt3L和凋亡细胞的作用、基因工作修饰DC及免疫抑制剂。     

树突状细胞和动脉粥样硬化免疫炎症反应

树突状细胞(dendritic cell，DC)是目前已知的功能最强大的专职抗原提呈细胞(antigen presentation cell，APC)，也是目前发现的唯一能激活初始型T细胞的APC，通过第二信号或共刺激信号促进T淋巴细胞增殖并使其发挥效应细胞作用，是机体免疫反应的始动者，在免疫反应中起重要作用。近年来炎症和免疫反应在动脉粥样硬化(AS)病理发生及斑块稳定性的作用日益受到重视。研究发现，DC也存在于动脉壁中，并且在AS斑块中明显增加，尤其在炎症浸润区域与T淋巴细胞聚集在一起；多种公认的致AS危险因素都可促使DC免疫功能成熟，提示DC在AS的发生发展中可能起着重要作用。     

DC肿瘤疫苗在泌尿系统肿瘤中的应用

树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DC）是体内最活跃、功能最强大的专职抗原递呈细胞,在天然免疫和获得性免疫中均发挥着极其重要的作用。DC最大的特点是能够刺激初始型T细胞增殖,因此,DC是机体免疫反应的始动者,在诱导特异性抗肿瘤细胞免疫中起关键作用。近年来DC细胞介导的抗肿瘤细胞免疫引起了广泛的关注。     

树突状细胞瘤苗抗肿瘤临床应用进展

树突状细胞(DC)是目前功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,在机体抗肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用。近年来,DC瘤苗抗肿瘤临床应用取得较大进展,现对DC瘤苗的制备及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的临床应用以及存在问题作一综述。     

树突状细胞与免疫耐受

树突状细胞(DC)是目前发现体内功能最强大的专职抗原递呈细胞(APC),其主要来源于CD34+造血干细胞.依据其成熟状态的不同而发挥不同的免疫调节作用,如成熟树突状细胞(mDC)可激活T细胞促进免疫应答,未成熟树突状细胞(imDC)及调节性树突状细胞(DCreg)可负向调节免疫应答,诱导免疫耐受.DC在感染、免疫性疾病、移植免疫及恶性肿瘤的发病机制与治疗中的作用成为免疫学界研究的焦点.近年来DC诱导免疫耐受的研究受到越来越多的关注,笔者就DC在免疫耐受中的作用作一综述.     

树突状细胞与慢性乙型肝炎

树突状细胞在是机体免疫系统中的重要细胞成分,在细胞免疫和体液免疫中均具有重要作用。本文将对树突状细胞与慢性乙型肝炎的关系相关研究进展进行综述。1树突状细胞(DC)DC起源于骨髓,由美国学者Steinman和Cohn于1973年     

CD14高表达单核细胞系白血病细胞体外诱导培养树突细胞及其免疫功能研究

树突细胞(DC)作为一种功能最强的抗原呈递细胞，具有很强的激发初始T细胞(naive T cell)应答能力。利用细胞因子组合将白血病细胞分化为DC或DC样细胞，对克服白血病细胞的免疫逃避机制，逆转机体的免疫耐受，诱导特异抗白血病免疫等具有重要意义。但由于白血病细胞所属系列及分化程度的异质性，存在多方面的缺陷，并不能从所有的白血病细胞中成功诱导出DC。正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)中CD14^ 胞可以在GM-CSF IL-4的诱导下分化为CD1α^ CD14^-的DC，称单核细胞衍生的DC(Mo-DC)，我们推测高表达CD14的单核系白血病(包括M4、M5)细胞是否同样可在该细胞因子组合作用下诱生出单核系白血病细胞来源的树突细胞(Mo-LDC)。我们选择CD14高表达的M4、M5患分离骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)，比较在GM-CSF TNF-α或GM-CSF IL-4 TNF-α组合作用下，CD14^ 黏附细胞与CD14^-的非黏附细胞向DC分化的能力。     

TLR7刺激对Balb/c小鼠树突状细胞免疫功能影响的体外研究

树突状细胞是迄今所知的功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫的桥梁。未成熟的DC主要发挥抗原摄取作用,摄取抗原后DC成熟并由非淋巴器官到归巢到淋巴结,活化机体初始性淋巴细胞,介导了细胞免疫和体液免疫。     

急性期脑梗死患者红细胞免疫功能变化的特点

探讨急性期脑梗死患者红细胞免疫粘附功能变化的特点。方法了８６例急性期脑梗死患者和６３例正常对照者的红细胞免疫功能四项指标：红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率,红细胞免疫复合物花环率,血清中红细胞免疫粘附增强因子及红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子。结论要研究为探讨急性期脑梗死红细胞免疫功能变化的特点及拓宽脑梗死的防治途径提供了依据。     

SPIO和~(19)F探针在MRI活体示踪免疫细胞中的应用

日益成熟的体内成像技术,结合不断完善的细胞疗法,推动了体内免疫细胞示踪研究领域的一场变革。随着SPIO探针和19F探针的不断改进,MRI技术的应用范围得以拓展,如借助成像指导的免疫细胞的输送,免疫细胞回归和移植的可视化,以及对炎症和免疫细胞生理变化的监测等。以MRI技术为基础的细胞示踪技术,已被广泛用于示踪活体免疫细胞的去向或评估免疫细胞的疗效。作者着重对SPIO和19F探针在MRI示踪活体免疫细胞的最新进展做一综述。     

CELL SEPARATION ON ANTIGEN-COATED COLUMNS : ELIMINATION OF HIGH RATE ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY CELLS

Glass and plastic bead columns coated with antigenic protein molecules were used as an immunological filter for cell populations containing immune cells of relevant specificity. A selective elimination of these immune cells from the passing cell suspension was regularly noted and it approached, in some experiments, complete abolition of the specific immune reactivity of the filtered cell population. This specific retention of immune cells by antigenic columns could be selectively blocked by the presence of free antigen molecules in the medium during filtration. The results obtained support the concept of a cell-associated antigen-specific receptor being present on the outer surface of immune cells, displaying the same antigen-binding specificity as the potential product of the cell, the humoral antibody. Using the present bead column system, results were obtained indicating that this receptor was an active product of the immune cells and not any passively adsorbed, cytophilic antibody. Antigenic bead columns may very well constitute a tool for the production in vitro of cell populations being specifically deprived of immune reactivity and allow detailed analysis of the characteristics of the cell-associated antibody of immune cells.     

Cellular interactions in immune regulation. Hapten-specific suppression by non-T cells and T cell mediated reversal of suppression

The ability of lymphoid cells from immunized animals to regulate the response of naive B ceils to the immunizing hapten was studied. Mice were immunized with trinitrophenylated (TNP) bovine gamma globulin (BGG) in complete Freund's adjuvant, and their spleen cells were examined in vivo and in vitro for the presence of specific inhibitory activity. This activity was found to peak 1 wk after immunization, was active against TNP on both T-dependent (BGG) and T-independent (Ficoll and polyacrylamide beads) carriers, and was demonstrable both by mixed cell transfers and mixed cell culture experiments. In in vitro studies, it was shown that the inhibition of the response to TNP- polyacrylamide beads by immune spleen cells was mediated by a non-T cell, possibly a B cell, because the suppressor activity was enriched in a purified B cell preparation. A role for macrophages was not formally ruled out. A specific suppressor factor was produced in vitro by immune spleen cells cultured in the absence of antigen. The suppressor activity was modulated by T .cells because elimination of T cells from the normal spleen cell population decreased suppression; elimination of T cells from the immune spleen cell population did not effect suppression, but elimination of T cells from both the normal and immune spleen cell populations allowed the expression of marked specific suppression. Thus, T cells present in the normal spleen cell population augment the degree of suppression, whereas T cells present in the immune spleen cell population decrease the degree of suppression; that is, T cells present in the immune spleen cell population had the ability to specifically abrogate suppression ("abrosuppression") in a T-independent immune response. It is proposed that the response to a T- independent antigen is regulated by specific suppressor activity generated by a non-T cell and augmented by the interaction of this cell with a T cell. The suppressor activity can be blocked by a specific abrosuppressor T cell. It is suggested that, because suppressor activity appears dominant in the naive state of the immune system, the induction of specific abrosuppressor activity may be essential if an immune response is to take place.     

肾移植后排斥与感染中细胞免疫功能的监测

背景：Cylex ImmuKnow检测方法是惟一得到FDA认可的检测移植受者细胞免疫功能的方法,它直接反映细胞免疫的功能,具有灵敏度高、特异性强,结果量化等优点。目的：通过对肾移植后患者监测细胞免疫功能iATP值（intracellular adenosine triphosphatei）,分析细胞免疫功能与肾移植术后排斥或感染的关系。方法：140例肾移植受者采用ImmuKnowTM-Cylex方法检测细胞免疫功能,收集数据结合患者临床状态分为排斥组18例,感染组35例与稳定组87例,同时收集61份健康人群血样检测细胞免疫功能数据作对照。分析细胞免疫功能与肾移植患者移植后发生排斥与感染的关系。结果与结论：细胞免疫功能iATP值检测结果显示,感染组患者有71.4%（n=25）分布在低免疫区,同比对照组、稳定组与排斥组比例明显增高（P〈0.05）。感染组iATP值显著低于其他3组。说明感染与细胞免疫功能低下两者具有明显的相关性,细胞免疫功能测定对监测肾移植后感染具有显著意义。提示ImmuKnowTM-Cylex方法测定细胞免疫功能为肾移植后并发感染的诊断与治疗提供可靠客观依据,但与肾移植后排斥反应的发生未见明显的相关性,有待于大样本的实验证实。     

红细胞对细菌的天然免疫粘附实验研究

目的 比较红细胞对细菌的天然免疫粘附能力。方法 将细菌（大肠杆菌）加入红细胞悬液中37℃水浴30分钟。结果 肿瘤患者红细胞对细菌（大肠杆菌等）的免疫粘附反应能力比正常人低（P＜0．01）。结论 红细胞对细菌有天然免疫粘附反应。有关红细胞对细菌的天然免疫反应能力的测定在临床上有应用价值。     

宫颈癌患者红细胞免疫功能实验研究

目的探讨宫颈癌患者红细胞免疫和肿瘤红细胞的功能状态。方法采用受体粘附法测定79例宫颈癌患者的红细胞免疫功能,并对33例患者作了手术前后的动态观察。结果宫颈癌患者红细胞C3b受体花环(RBCC3bR)、自然肿瘤红细胞花环(NTER)、直向肿瘤红细胞花环(DTER)、促肿瘤红细胞花环(ETER)、协同肿瘤红细胞花环(ATER)及红细胞免疫粘附促进因子(RFER)显著降低(P<0.001),红细胞免疫复合物花环(RBCICR)和红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子(RFIR)显著升高(P<0.001)。且与宫颈癌临床分期具相关性。术后各项指标与术前有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论宫颈癌患者红细胞免疫功能低下。手术治疗有明显改善。     

Immune recovery in HIV disease: role of the thymus and T cell expansion in immune reconstitution strategies

While the progressive depletion of CD4(+) T cells is the hallmark of the impact of HIV on the immune system, considerable data also point to the loss of T cell function. The question is: Can the immune system recover from this insult and what are the therapeutic strategies available to us to mediate this immune recovery? This review will focus on our current knowledge of immune recovery following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Enhancement of thymic function in generating de novo T cell synthesis post-HAART has also emerged as a viable immune recovery strategy. Advances in molecular (T cell receptor excision circle assay) and conventional (computed tomography scans of the thymus) approaches to evaluate the role of the thymus in immune recovery as well as potential agents that might enhance thymic output (interleukin-7, IL-7) will contribute greatly to the assessment of the success of these approaches as immune recovery strategies. In this review, we will integrate this new information in the context of the current strategies for HIV therapy leading to long-term immune reconstitution.     

外周血T细胞受体删除环(TRECs)定量测定在评估骨髓移植术后免疫重建中的应用概况及进展

骨髓移植成功的关键在于移植后免疫系统的重建状况,特别是T细胞数量及功能的重建。T细胞受体删除环(TRECs)作为胸腺近期输出naive T细胞含量的标志,在细胞中十分稳定,可作为评价胸腺近期的输出功能及T细胞免疫重建状况的指标。鉴于TRECs对评价骨髓移植术后免疫重建状况具有重要现实意义,该文就TRECs的定量检测及其在评价骨髓移植后免疫重建状况中的应用概况及进展进行综述。     

骨髓增生异常综合征患者T淋巴细胞亚群的特征分析

目的：检测和分析骨髓增生异常综合征（M DS）患者T淋巴细胞亚群的分布,评估M DS患者免疫功能状态。方法：采用FC 500流式细胞仪对35例M DS患者和10例正常对照组外周血标本进行T淋巴细胞亚群检测。结果：M DS组的辅助性细胞T细胞（T h）,辅助性细胞T细胞/抑制性T细胞（T h/T s）和自然杀伤细胞（NK）的表达均低于正常对照组,T s细胞的表达高于正常对照组;随着M DS疾病的进展,抑制性T细胞（T s）的表达是逐渐增加的,其中只有RA/RA S组与RAEB组之间差异有显著性（P=0.027）;M DS患者各组间T h,T h/T s比值和NK细胞的表达均无差异性。结论：T h,T s和NK细胞参与人体重要免疫功能,T淋巴细胞亚群免疫失调,则导致细胞免疫功能紊乱,T h,T s和T h/T s比值成为监测人体免疫功能、反映机体免疫状态的重要指标。