大鼠坐骨神经切断后GDNF mRNA在其向心端及脊髓表达的变化

目的：探讨大鼠坐骨神经切断后胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）mRNA在其向心端及脊髓表达的变化及其意义。方法：在切断SD大鼠双侧坐骨神经后的不同时间采用半定量RT－PCR方法，观察坐骨神经向心端及T12－L1段脊髓GDNF mRNA表达的变化。结果：坐骨神经切断前，GDNF mRNA在坐骨神经及L12－L1段脊髓微量表达，切断后其向心端及T12－L1段脊表达逐渐减少，伤后1，7，14，28d分别减少10％，38％，45％，52％和20％，68％，80％，85％。结论：从骨神经切断后其向心端及T12－L1脊髓GDNF mRNA表达减少，推测是由于失去靶组织转运GDNF mRNA所造成，为外源性GDNF应用于治疗脊髓损伤提供了实验依据。     

蛛网膜下隙局部应用GDNF对脊髓前角运动神经元的保护作用

目的 研究周围神经损伤后经蛛网膜下隙置管局部应用外源性胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neu-rotrophic factor,GDNF)对脊髓前角运动神经元的保护作用. 方法 成年SD大鼠随机分为2组:GDNF组(坐骨神经切断术后给予GDNF)和NS组(术后给予生理盐水).切断两组大鼠左侧坐骨神经致相应脊髓前角运动神经元部分损伤,行蛛网膜下隙置管,实验组注入外源性GDNF(10 μg/ml),对照组注入同等剂量的生理盐水,于2,4,8周行坐骨神经功能指数检测;取L4-6节段脊髓标本冰冻切片,行胆碱酯酶(ChE)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)染色并进行图像分析. 结果 GDNF组脊髓前角运动神经元ChE阳性颗粒面积比NS组有明显提高(P<0.05),ACP阳性颗粒面积低于NS组(P<0.05);GDNF组坐骨神经功能指数亦优于NS组. 结论 周围神经损伤后通过蛛网膜下隙注入外源性GDNF对相应的脊髓运动神经元有保护作用.     

成年大鼠坐骨神经切断后脊髓运动神经元死亡方式的研究

目的探索成年大鼠坐骨神经切断损伤后脊髓前角运动神经元的死亡方式.方法选择大鼠坐骨神经切断损伤模型,术后48 h、7 d、15 d、30 d动物经4%多聚甲醛常规灌注固定,取L4～L6脊髓节段,TUNEL染色和电镜观察.结果坐骨神经切断后TUNEL染色和电镜观察均检测到脊髓前角运动神经元典型的凋亡形态学改变.结论周围神经切断后脊髓前角运动神经元出现凋亡,表明神经元的凋亡可能为成年大鼠周围神经损伤引发神经元死亡的重要病理过程.     

联合应用神经营养素-4胶质细胞源性神经营养因子对脊髓前角运动神经元的保护作用研究

目的研究周围神经损伤后经蛛网膜下腔置管局部联合应用神经营养素（NT）-4和外源性胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）对脊髓前角运动神经元的保护作用。方法成年SD大鼠随机分为3组,GDNF组、NT-4组和GDNF联合NT-4组。切断大鼠坐骨神经致相应脊髓前角运动神经元损伤,于第5、6腰椎椎间隙行蛛网膜下腔置管,并注入外源性GDNF（10μg/mL）和NT-4,不同时间处死动物并取材,对L4～6节段脊髓标本冰冻切片,行苏木素-伊红染色、尼氏体染色、胆碱酯酶染色。结果 GDNF联合NT-4组脊髓前角运动神经元的存活率、胆碱酯酶阳性颗粒面积均比前2组有明显提高,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论周围神经损伤后通过蛛网膜下腔联合注入NT-4、GDNF较两者单独使用更有利于保护脊髓运动神经元。     

环孢素对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后脊髓运动神经元的保护作用

目的:通过观察应用环孢素对大鼠坐骨神经切断后脊髓前角运动神经元GAP-43mRNA的表达,研究环孢素对脊髓前角运动神经元的影响。方法:60只大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行环孢素干预,在3、7、14、21、28天,5个不同的时相点各从实验组和对照组中随机抽取6只大鼠,取下脊髓T12-L1节段,脊髓前角GAP-43mRNA的表达用荧光定量RT-PCR检测。结果:对照组GAP-43mRNA第3日呈低表达,第7天表达量增加,第14天表达量达到高峰,第21天表达量下降,第28天表达量接近第3天水平。实验组第3、7和14天表达量与对照组相似,第21和28天表达量较对照组有所提高,经统计学处理,第3、7和14天实验组与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),第21天和28天实验组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用环孢素对坐骨神经损伤后脊髓运动神经元有一定的保护作用,可延缓神经元的退变。     

大鼠坐骨神经移植后脊髓相应节段运动神经元中P-Erk1/2的表达和变化

目的 研究成年大鼠坐骨神经损伤后脊髓相应节段运动神经元中P-Erk1/2的表达和变化.方法 健康成年雄性Wister大鼠共50只,坐骨神经切断组,将动物模型于术后1W、2W、4W、6W、8W处死后取患侧L4～L6脊髓,Western-Blot方法 检测P-ERK1/2在脊髓中的表达变化,并将两组所得数值进行统计学分析.结果 脊髓前角运动神经元中的P-ERK1/2在假手术组仅有少量表达并维持在一定的水平;在坐骨神经切断组中,术后1W内表达增加、2W达高峰、8W恢复正常水平.结论 大鼠坐骨神经切断后可能是通过激活MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路的方式,对脊髓前角运动神经元的凋亡进行调控.     

坐骨神经损伤诱导脊髓IL-1 mRNA的表达及其与星形胶质细胞、NOS阳性细胞的关系

目的 观察坐骨神经损伤不同时间脊髓内ＩＬ－１ ｍＲＮＡ表达及其与星形胶质细胞、ＮＯＳ阳性细胞间的关系。方法 采用坐骨神经切断所致大鼠脊髓前角运动神经元损伤模型,应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和免疫组织化学技术。结果 （１）ＩＬ－１在脊髓内的表达直接与坐骨神经损伤及时程密切相关,损伤３ｄ在受累脊髓节段出现的ＩＬ－１ ｍＲＮＡ的表达,损伤７ｄＩＬ－１表达明显,１４ｄ时表达仍然存在。（２）坐骨神经损伤后,脊髓受累节段     

大鼠不同类型臂丛根性损伤后脊髓运动神经元NOS的表达

目的 研究成年大鼠不同类型臂丛损伤后脊髓运动神经元一氧化氮合酶（NOS）表达与神经元死亡之间的关系。方法 选用76只健康成年SD大鼠，分别造成臂丛神经根性切断伤与根性撕脱伤，于损伤后不同时间观察脊髓前角运动神经元的存活率，以及NOS在脊髓前角运动神经元中的表达情况。结果 臂丛神经根性切断伤后，损伤侧脊髓前角运动神经元无明显死亡，且未见NOS表达。臂丛神经根性撕脱伤后1周，损伤侧脊髓前角运动神经元数目开始减少，并出现NOS阳性表达。之后随着NOS阳性神经元增多，神经元死亡率也增加，6周后神经元数目基本维持稳定而NOS阳性神经元逐渐减少消失。结论 臂丛神经根性撕脱伤后，NOS参与损伤后脊髓运动神经元死亡，或在运动神经元死亡中起重要作用。     

针刺对大鼠脊髓损伤后脊髓前角运动神经元功能的影响

目的探讨针刺对脊髓损伤(SCI)大鼠前角运动神经元功能恢复的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠60只,改良Allen法压迫致伤T8、T9,随机分为实验组和对照组,伤后分别给予电针刺激大鼠双下肢足三里和悬钟、伏兔和三阴交穴,取治疗2,4,6周伤段脊髓进行PCR扩增和组织切片。利用RT-PCR技术检测伤区脊髓胶质源性神经营养因子(GDNF)mRNA基因体内表达的变化;应用尼氏染色、酶组织化学染色方法观察大鼠SCI后伤区脊髓前角运动神经元存活的数目和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的变化;采用斜板试验和BBB评分法观察大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况。结果实验组较对照组AChE活性显著增加(P<0.01);实验组脊髓前角大、中型神经元的数目较对照组明显增加(P<0.05);实验组GDNF mRNA基因体内表达较对照组明显增加(P<0.01);大鼠SCI 3周后针刺治疗组后肢运动功能评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针刺治疗对脊髓损伤后前角运动神经元的功能恢复有一定的促进作用。     

GDNF基因活化的细胞外基质对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后神经元的保护作用

目的:探讨GDNF基因活化的细胞外基质对神经元的保护作用.方法:通过化学萃取获得大鼠坐骨神经细胞外基质,复合上编码GDNF的质粒DNA,构建成基因活化的细胞外基质支架.60只成年Wistar大鼠按随机数字法分为3组:A组(n=20)GDNF基因活化的细胞外基质桥接组,B组(n=20)ECM桥接组,C组(n=20)自体神经桥接组,术后3天、1周、4周、12周时用RT-PCR、激光共聚焦显微镜等形态学方法来评价神经元保护作用.结果:GDNF基因活化的细胞外基质能作为局部的基因缓释系统来释放GDNF,在脊髓中高效表达12周以上.GDNF mRNA的表达和Nissl染色阳性细胞的数量在脊髓中明显增加,而iNOS表达明显下降.神经元存活率明显优于对照组(78.04%±3.50%vs 56.09%±1.89%).结论:GDNF基因活化的细胞外基质可以促进GDNF mRNA在脊髓中表达,增加前角运动神经元的存活率,其机制可能与iNOS受抑制有关.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.