单侧双通道内窥镜技术与经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗单节段腰椎椎间盘突出症的早期疗效比较

目的 对比单侧双通道内窥镜（UBE）技术与经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）治疗单节段腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月—2021年4月接受手术治疗的77例单节段LDH患者临床资料,其中采用UBE技术治疗30例（UBE组）,采用PELD治疗47例（PELD组）。记录2组手术时间、术中出血量、透视次数、住院时间及并发症发生情况。术前及术后1、3、6、12个月和末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分评估腰腿痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评估腰椎功能。末次随访时采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效。结果 所有手术顺利完成,患者随访> 12个月。UBE组手术时间长于PELD组,术中出血量、透视次数少于PELD组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组患者术后腰腿痛VAS评分及ODI较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。UBE组术后1、3、6个月的腰痛VAS评分高于PELD组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组术后各随访时间点腿痛VAS评分、ODI组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。末次随访时按照改良MacNab标准,UBE组疗效优良率为90.0%,PELD组为89.4%,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。UBE组发生术中硬膜撕裂2例,术后复发2例;PELD术后复发1例。 结论 UBE和PELD治疗单节段LDH均可获得良好的早期临床疗效,各有优势,UBE适应证更广泛,学习曲线平缓;PELD创伤更小,患者术后早期腰痛程度更轻。     

腰动脉介入栓塞治疗经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术后腹膜后大出血1例报告并文献复习

近年来，经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）已成为一种治疗腰椎椎间盘疾病的主要微创方法，因其创伤小、出血少、恢复快且对脊柱稳定性影响小，具有较高的患者接受度^［1］。随着PELD的适应证和临床应用范围的扩大，其围手术期并发症也成为亟需重视的问题。腹膜后大出血是PELD术后罕见但又极其凶险的并发症，该并发症的处理对于微创外科来说是一个非常棘手的问题^［2］。本研究回顾性分析本院1例PELD术后腹膜后大出血并行腰动脉介入栓塞治疗患者的临床资料，同时检索有关PELD术后并发腹膜后大出血的相关文献进行系统性复习，旨在提高临床对该并发症的重视，并对其处理提供参考。     

自制辅助穿刺装置联合三维可视化技术在内窥镜下经椎间孔腰椎间盘切除术中的应用

目的 探讨自制辅助穿刺装置联合三维可视化技术在经皮内窥镜下经椎间孔腰椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）中的应用效果。方法 2021年1月至2022年5月，安徽医科大学附属亳州医院脊柱外科94例LDH病人接受PETD治疗，采用随机数字表法选择通道建立方法。46例采用自制辅助穿刺装置联合三维可视化技术建立通道（研究组），48例采用传统穿刺法建立通道（对照组），两组通道建立后采用经皮椎间孔镜（TESSYS）技术完成椎间盘切除和神经根减压。分析两组透视次数、穿刺次数、穿刺时间、一次穿刺成功数、住院天数、手术时间及末次随访时改良MacNab标准评价结果。结果 所有病人都顺利完成手术和随访，无严重并发症发生。研究组和对照组的随访时间分别为（8.9±2.1）个月、（8.7±1.8）个月，两组差异无统计学意义（t=0.622，P=0.109）。研究组的穿刺时间少于对照组［（14.1±4.3） min vs. （19.1±3.7） min］，穿刺次数少于对照组［（3.8±2.1）次 vs. （7.9±2.6）次］，透视次数少于对照组［（8.3±3.3）次 vs. （15.1±4.2）次］，手术时间少于对照组［（79.0±8.5） min vs. （89.7±13.4） min］，一次穿刺成功数多于对照组（12例 vs. 4例），组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组住院天数以及末次随访时的优良率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 采用自制辅助穿刺装置联合三维可视化技术建立通道可以明显减少穿刺次数、透视次数、穿刺时间和手术时间，一次穿刺成功率较高，手术安全且疗效满意，这种新的通道建立方法是可行的。     

单侧双通道内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎术后退行性变1例报告

腰椎术后邻近节段退行性变(ASD)是腰椎后路融合术后的常见远期并发症^[1-2],其发生率为4%~31%^[3-5]。ASD由多种因素引起,继而产生新的神经压迫症状。Kambin等^[6]于1986年提出单侧双通道内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(UBED)治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症(LDH)^[7],其兼具了开放手术与微创手术的优点^[8]。本院采用UBED治疗腰椎术后ASD患者1例,现将诊疗过程报告如下。     

经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗双节段腰椎椎间盘突出症的临床疗效与安全性

目的 评估经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）治疗双节段腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效与安全性。方法 2017年8月—2022年3月,海军军医大学长征医院采用PELD治疗双节段LDH患者40例（双节段组）,并按照年龄、性别和手术节段匹配同期采用PELD治疗的单节段LDH患者80例（单节段组）。比较2组手术时间、术中透视次数、住院时间、并发症发生情况、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及临床疗效。结果 双节段组手术时间和术中透视次数高于单节段组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;2组术后各随访时间点VAS评分、ODI较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;组间差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。根据改良MacNab标准,双节段组和单节段组末次随访时疗效优良率分别为87.5%和85.0%。2组并发症发生率、复发率、再手术率差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。2组均无腰椎不稳、术中神经根损伤或术后血肿/感染等并发症发生。结论 PELD治疗双节段LDH疗效确切,且不会影响术后脊柱稳定性或增加术后复发风险。     

椎间盘真空征的临床研究进展

椎间盘真空征由Magnusson^［1］于1937年首次描述,是指随着椎间盘的退行性变,椎间盘脱水和裂隙扩大导致气体积聚。正常成年人群中1% ~ 3%可通过影像学检查观察到椎间盘真空征^［2］,50岁以上腰腿痛患者检出率为20%^［3］。椎间盘真空征可改变椎间盘的应力负荷,导致轴向不稳,加速退行性变,引起椎间盘源性腰痛^［4］;部分合并有明显椎间盘突出的患者或气体积聚在硬膜外尤其是位于侧隐窝区、椎间孔区及椎间孔外口时,可压迫神经根,出现坐骨神经痛或严重的腰腿痛^［5-6］。对于无症状的椎间盘真空征患者一般无须治疗;对于引起椎间盘源性下腰痛但无神经根损伤的患者,首选非甾体抗炎药物治疗,必要时可短期给予抗抑郁药物及阿片类药物^［7］;药物治疗无明显效果者,可局部类固醇注射或给予物理治疗、运动治疗、康复锻炼及心理干预^［8］。对于伴有神经根损伤的患者,则须手术干预以解除压迫。本文结合近年来国内外椎间盘真空征相关文献,就椎间盘真空征的发生机制、特征、临床相关性、手术治疗等方面进行综述,以期为其临床诊疗提供参考。     

计算机导航技术辅助定位穿刺行经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术

目的 比较计算机导航技术辅助定位穿刺和常规定位穿刺行经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效。方法 2018年10月—2019年4月,贵港市人民医院采用PETD治疗LDH患者70例,根据穿刺方法分为计算机导航辅助定位穿刺组（导航组）和常规定位穿刺组（常规组）,每组35例。记录并比较2组手术时间、透视时间、透视次数、穿刺时间、穿刺次数及并发症发生情况。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分评估2组患者腰部及下肢疼痛情况,采用日本骨科学会（JOA）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评估术后功能恢复情况。结果 所有手术顺利完成。导航组手术时间、透视时间、透视次数、穿刺时间、穿刺次数均少于常规组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组术后腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。导航组术后出现LDH复发2例、脱出椎间盘残留2例,常规组术后出现LDH复发2例、脱出椎间盘残留4例,根据严重程度行非手术或再次手术治疗后症状均缓解。Pearson相关分析显示,透视次数、透视时间、穿刺次数、穿刺时间及手术时间之间存在高度相关性。结论 计算机导航技术辅助定位穿刺行PETD可减少透视和穿刺的次数和时间,进而减少手术时间及降低医患的辐射暴露,值得临床推广。     

多裂肌萎缩与腰椎退行性疾病的相关性研究进展

腰椎退行性疾病是脊柱外科常见病和多发病,是引起下腰痛的主要原因^［1］,下腰痛是以腰骶、臀部伴/不伴下肢疼痛为主要症状的综合征^［2］。有研究^［3-4］发现,下腰痛的发生、发展与脊柱稳定性的失衡密切相关。椎旁肌是脊柱邻近肌群的总称,分为前群（髂腰肌、腰方肌、腰大肌）和后群（多裂肌、竖脊肌等）。椎旁肌良好的功能状态对脊柱稳定性起着重要作用。多裂肌作为腰椎稳定性的重要来源,其萎缩与腰椎椎间盘突出症、腰椎椎管狭窄症、腰椎滑脱症等腰椎退行性疾病关系密切^［5-6］。本文通过查阅多裂肌萎缩与腰椎退行性疾病的相关文献,对多裂肌萎缩的影像学变化、多裂肌萎缩与腰椎退行性疾病的关系及多裂肌的保护与治疗等方面进行分析梳理,综述如下。     

双镜双通道经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗高度游离型腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨经椎间孔及经椎板间双通道联合入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）治疗高度游离型腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的安全性及有效性。方法 2018年1月—2019年9月,采用双镜双通道PELD治疗游离型LDH患者23例,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及改良MacNab标准对患者手术前后疼痛程度及功能状态进行评估,观察并记录围手术期并发症发生情况。结果 所有患者在全身麻醉下完成手术,手术时间为（68.50±22.15）min,住院时间为（4.05±2.17）d。所有患者游离髓核均完全摘除,术后随访过程中无椎间盘突出复发情况出现。术前腿痛VAS评分为（8.15±1.07）分,术后1年降至（1.36±0.52）分,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术前ODI为（65.25±7.60）%,术后1年为（10.01±1.31）%,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。根据改良MacNab标准评价疗效,优18例,良3例,可2例,优良率为91.30%(21/23)。结论 采用经椎间孔及经椎板间双通道联合入路PELD治疗高度游离型LDH安全...     

单侧双通道脊柱内窥镜技术研究进展

腰椎退行性疾病为临床常见疾病，对于严重的或逐渐加重的神经损伤、持续性疼痛和非手术治疗无效的患者需进行外科手术干预。开放性手术是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的常用方式，但其较大的医源性创伤对肌肉和韧带等解剖组织产生负面影响^［1］。脊柱内窥镜技术是治疗腰椎疾病新的技术手段。主流脊柱内窥镜手术大多通过一个通道进行，2016年，Hwa等^［2］开展了一种将脊柱内窥镜和手术器械分别通过2个相对独立的通道进行操作的技术，即双通道下脊柱内窥镜手术（UBE/BESS）技术。该技术具有内窥镜及器械可操作角度大、可使用常规手术器械、镜下视野清晰及对椎旁肌肉损伤小等优点。本文回顾性分析近年UBE/BESS技术相关文献，总结其临床应用进展，综述如下。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.