高等医学院校与其附属医院后勤社会化探讨

高等医学院校与其附属(教学)医院后勤社会化是其管理改革的核心要求之一.由于高等医学院校与其附属医院有着较多的联系、共性及特殊性,结合现阶段国内高校和医院后勤社会化改革的实践与探索经验,建议高等医学院校与其附属医院多方共同组建后勤服务集团,实现各单位后勤服务的实质性联合,从而让高校、医院集中精力于教学、医疗、科研工作,并实现以较低廉的价格购买优质服务,达到节约成本,提高机构的运作效率的目的.     

高校后勤社会化改革应注重标准化食堂建设

随着高校后勤社会化改革的不断深入，各院校立足于本校实际，开创了具有特色的后勤社会化改革模式。近几年的实践表明，在高校开展食堂标准化建设，建立标准化高校食堂，是实施高校后勤社会化改革的重中之重，是关系到高校稳定和教学、科研以及各方面能否得到发展的重要问题之一。     

浅谈医学院校后勤改革

在全国“抓住机遇、深化改革、扩大开放、促进发展”的大好形势下，医学院校后勤工作如何紧跟时代潮流，加快改革，逐步实现社会化。对此，笔者陈一浅见。１、医学院校后勤改革的方向是实现社会化中共中央《关于加快发展社会第三产业的决定》指出：后勤改革要“以社会化为方向，积极推动有条件的机关事业单位，在不影响保密和安全的前提下，将现有的信息咨询机构，内部服务设施和交通工具向社会开放，开展有偿服务，并创造条件使其与原单位脱钩，自主经营，独立核算。同时鼓励社会服务组织承揽机关和企事业单位的后勤服务，退休人员的管理和…     

国内外医学院校科技管理模式比较与思考

科技管理是高校科技工作的重要组成部分。通过比较国内外高等医学院校的科技管理模式，探讨了相关国家医学院校科技管理中的利弊。在借鉴国外科技管理模式中先进经验的基础上，提出了我国医学院校在科技管理模式中可以改革的一些建议，为高校科技管理者提供参考。     

浅谈高校医院实现护理服务社会化设想

高校医院是学校的医疗机构，它服务的主体是广大学生和教师，随着医疗制度的改革，为了适应社会发展的客观要求，医疗护理工作呈现出社会化的发展趋势。高校医院所服务的群体相对固定，这就为护理服务社会化提供了可行的条件。     

生物医学工程产业发展与生物医学工程技术人才培养

结合我国生物医学工程产业发展、技术人员队伍建设以及高等医学院校生物医学工程教育的现状，阐述了医科院校生物医学工程教育的特点和规律。结合我国医院生物医学工程技术人员队伍建设以及高等医学院校生物医学工程教育存在问题的分析，提出了推动当前我国生物医学工程技术人员建设以及医学院校生物医学工程高等教育改革的一些思考。     

医学院校实行本科生导师制探讨

导师制是教书育人的一条重要途径。本文从目前国内外形式以及学分制改革因素影响下，探讨高校教育改革的模式，提出了在医学院校实行本科生导师制的设想，并初步提出了在医学院校实行本科生导师制的具体实施方法。为医学院校适应新形势要求，加大教学改革力度提供了选择。     

高校推行食品卫生义务检查制度的探讨

高校后勤服务社会化后，学校食堂的经营模式发生了变化，由院校自身经营向租赁、承包、托管等多种经营模式发展。如何进一步加强院校食堂的食品卫生管理，预防食物中毒发生，对高校食品卫生安全管理提出了新的要求。在高校食品卫生监督管理工作中，常州市尝试推行食品卫生义务检查制度，现简介如下。     

地方医学院校课程质量监控体系的构建探索

基于国家深化高等院校课程建设的新时代视域，提升课程质量成为高校教育教学发展的重要任务。地方医学院校作为基层卫生人才的培养摇篮，构建科学合理的课程质量监控体系愈发迫切。本文分析了我国高等院校课程质量监控体系存在的问题，结合地方医学院校办学特点和广州医科大学工作实践，探索构建了集“多样化监控方法、全维度监控指标、闭环式反馈机制、多层级文化建设”为一体的课程质量监控体系，为同类院校提供实际参考。     

某市21所本科高校医疗机构现状与发展思路

高校医疗机构作为高等院校的一部分,担负着为全校师生提供医疗服务、健康管理以及传染病防控等卫生工作,在为高校师生提供医疗服务的过程中有着其他社会医疗机构所不具备的优势。近年来,随着高校招生规模的不断扩大,高校体制改革和全民医疗体制改革的深入及高校后勤社会化改革的推进,高校医疗机构在发展过程中暴露出诸多问题,其职能定位以及改革发展问题日益突出和尴尬。通过对驻济南市21所公立本科院校的考察调研,就高校医疗机构现状进行分析,对高校医疗机构的发展提出可行性意见与建议。     

Acceptability of willingness to pay techniques to consumers

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the proportion of usable responses and protest votes obtained with two willingness to pay (WTP) techniques, contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) and to assess the acceptability of the techniques to respondents. Setting and participants Pregnant women attending the public antenatal clinics of a Sydney teaching hospital were surveyed. Main variables studied Preference for either Treatment A (artificial rupture of the membranes followed by intravenous oxytocin) or Treatment B (prostaglandin E₂ gel followed by oxytocin if necessary) was assessed. Then WTP for the preferred treatments was assessed using CV and WTP for specific attributes of the treatments in the DCE. In addition, the acceptability of the two techniques was compared in terms of responses deemed to be valid according to defined criteria, protest votes and comments recorded by consumers. Results With the CV, 74% of respondents chose gel and their maximum WTP was Aus$178 compared with $133 for the alternative. A total of 68% of responses were deemed to be valid including 5% who may have been expressing a protest vote. With the DCE, respondents were WTP $55 for every 1 h reduction in the length of time from induction to delivery. A total of 72% of responses were deemed valid and only two of these 258 women were considered to have expressed a protest vote. Conclusions Only a small number of women expressed objections to the use of WTP questions in health‐care and the majority of women completed both questions successfully.     

重视主要诊断的选择适应医保制度改革

目的了解在主要诊断选择中存在的问题及其对单病种费用的影响.方法首先依据病案内容判断主要诊断的正确性,然后进行医疗质量及单病种费用的统计和分析.结果在主要诊断的选择中存在着概念不清、人为拔高、错选它科疾病、诊断依据不充分及诊断名称不规范等问题.结论主要诊断选择不当可致医疗质量统计和病种费用统计失真,这将影响医院管理者或卫生管理部门的决策,也影响着病案资源的利用和共享.     

Factors influencing the conversion of carotenoids to retinol: bioavailability to bioconversion to bioefficacy

Vitamin A (retinol) is a necessary nutrient for vision, reproduction, growth, and immune function. Pro-vitamin A carotenoids are an important source, especially in developing countries. While preformed vitamin A is readily available from foods, carotenoids are much more difficult to assimilate. A number of factors have been identified that either enhance or hinder the bioavailability of carotenoids. These have been presented in the literature and given the mnemonic SLAMENGHI by some researchers. The following factors are summarized: Species of carotenoid, molecular Linkage, Amount in the meal, Matrix Properties, Effectors, Nutrient status, Genetics, Host specificity, and Interactions between factors. Identifying which of these are key issues for the general public, and promoting the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables with moderate and high levels of pro-vitamin A carotenoids, are important to vitamin A status and overall good health.     

Characteristics of men most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened.

Some of the characteristics of men, with known risk factors, who were most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened in a national randomized clinical trial to prevent heart disease were determined in 18,872 men, 35-57 years of age, members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Oregon. Demographic characteristics and risk factor variables (blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and cigarette smoking levels) were abstracted from medical records. The men were ranked high priority or low priority according to level of risk. All age-eligible men in the health plan received at least one invitation to be screened, with high-priority men receiving more invitations. Despite concentrated efforts to bring them in, less than one-half the high-priority men were screened. Participants were older and wealthier than non-participants, and more likely to have more dependents and to routinely use medical services. Whether or not a man received a medical care service within the preceding two years was a powerful discriminating variable in both the univariate and multivariate analyses reported. The findings suggest that health care programs serving a stable population group should give more consideration to screening in routine medical care.