龋病对儿童生长和营养状况影响的调查研究

目的：调查龋病儿童的营养状况和患龋的影响因素,提高对儿童龋病危害的认识。方法：调查龋病儿童的家庭状况、喂养行为、刷牙习惯并进行体格测量,膳食分析营养状况和评估口腔咀嚼功能。 结果：龋病组儿童母乳喂养持续时间、喂夜奶持续时间、零食频次均高于对照组儿童。是否睡前刷牙和是否监督刷牙两组之间的差异有统计学意义。龋病组儿童的身高、体重、体重指数、蛋白质成分、体脂含量,膳食摄入的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物,钙、铁、锌,维生素A、B1、B2、C,烟酸、胆固醇、叶酸均低于正常对照组儿童,而在体成分中的无机盐含量、骨骼肌含量、维生素E、血液维生素D水平两组之间无差异。在咀嚼不同食物的评估中,龋病组儿童咀嚼能力均明显低于对照组。结论：龋病儿童由于龋齿引起牙体硬组织的缺损和崩解,影响儿童的口腔咀嚼功能,长期能量和营养素摄入不足使得龋病儿童生长发育落后。预防和控制乳牙龋病对儿童的生长发育有重要意义     

乳牙龋病预防的探讨

目的 为了有效预防乳牙龋病的发生,从而提高儿童牙齿保健意识,根据乳牙解剖学结构特点,结合儿童生长发育情况,全面阐述保护乳牙的重要性.方法 从健康教育角度提出了儿童饮食结构的调整,指导其父母正确喂养并讲解口腔卫生知识.结果 降低儿童乳牙的患病率,做到有病早治,无病早防.结论 儿童乳牙龋病预防的健康教育给患者预防龋病的发生带来了福音,保护乳牙的健康成长,有利于儿童生长发育,减少患者家长的痛苦.     

含氟涂料和含氟泡沫对儿童乳牙龋病的预防效果研究

目的 分析含氟涂料、含氟泡沫对乳牙龋病的预防价值.方法 选取2017年2月至2019年3月本院实施乳牙龋病预防的67例儿童进行分组研究(每例入选儿童均选取健康下颌第一前磨牙作为研究对象),采用随机数字表法分为研究组(n=34)和对照组(n=33).对照组使用含氟泡沫预防乳牙龋病,研究组使用含氟涂料预防乳牙龋病,比较两组随访1年乳牙龋病发生情况及操作过程不良反应发生情况.结果 随访1年期间,研究组乳牙龋病发生率为2.94％,低于对照组的18.18％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);操作过程中,研究组恶心、呕吐发生率为2.94％、0.00％,低于对照组的21.21％、18.18％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用含氟涂料预防乳牙龋病效果显著,同时有利于减少儿童操作过程中不良反应发生情况.     

婴幼儿龋病病因学研究进展

近十年随着龋病预防工作的开展,全球龋病的发生率已明显下降,而婴幼儿龋病(Early childhood caries,ECC)已成为发展中国家和发达国家中低收入人群的主要问题.我国第二次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果显示,5岁儿童患龋率高达76.55%.以往普遍认为ECC与变形链球菌感染和不适当的喂养方式有关,但目前的研究发现ECC是一种多因素疾病,其发病机理相当复杂.本文作者就近年的研究综述如下.     

儿童龋病的危害

本文从儿童乳牙龋病的预防及治疗,目前学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的状况,以及现阶段人们普遍不重视儿童乳牙龋病的严重性,探讨从牙科l临床和社会上对儿童乳牙龋病的治疗和重视.     

乳牙龋病预防的健康教育调查分析

为了有效预防乳牙龋病的发生，提高儿童牙齿保健意识，根据乳牙解剖学结构特点，结合儿童生长发育情况，全面阐述保护乳牙的重要性。并从健康教育角度提出了儿童饮食结构的调整，指导其父母正确喂养并讲解口腔卫生知识。以达到降低儿童乳牙的患病率，做到有病早治，无病早防。     

群体儿童乳牙龋病情况分析

乳牙龋病是幼儿及学龄前儿童的常见病和多发病。为了解百色市城区儿童乳牙龋病患病情况，以便采取有效的防龋措施，本文对2001～2005年本院体检的幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病患病情况进行分析。     

广西儿童龋病与营养状况关系研究

目的:探讨广西儿童龋病与营养状况的关系.方法:利用2010年广西壮族自治区学生体质与健康调研的原始资料,从中选择7,9,12岁儿童的口腔健康检查、营养状况的数据,将营养状况以不同年龄、性别的体重指数(BMI)参考值为标准分为营养不良组,正常体重组,超重肥胖组,分析不同营养状况下儿童的患龋情况的差异.结果:7,9,12岁儿童总数3581人,乳牙患龋率为53.4％(1914/3581),恒牙患龋率为30.9％(1108/3581),乳恒牙总患龋率为68.4％(2448/3581);儿童正常体重检出率为74.1％(2655/3581),营养不良检出率为14.5％(520/3581),超重肥胖检出率为11.3％(406/3581).不同营养状况分组中,乳牙患龋率、乳恒牙患龋率存在一定的差异(P＜0.01),且乳恒牙患龋率由高到低为营养不良组＞正常体重组＞超重肥胖组.结论:广西7,9,12岁儿童龋病与营养状况存在一定关联,在所调查的人群中营养不良儿童患龋率最高.     

中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病影响因素的Meta分析

目的 通过分析中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的影响因素,为中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病预防提供参考依据。方法 对Embase、CBM、Cochrane、Web of Science、Pubmed、中国知网、万方和维普国内外常用数据库进行计算机检索符合要求的病例对照研究文献,检索时限从建库至2020年10月。搜集与学龄前儿童乳牙龋病影响因素相关的中英文文献,由2名研究者对纳入文献进行严格的质量评价,提取中、高等质量文献的数据资料。结果 最终纳入文献10篇,共5 730例研究对象,其中有龋组3 012例,无龋组2 718例。经Meta分析结果显示,中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的危险因素为:每天刷牙次数<1次(OR=3.06,95%CI=2.08~4.48,P<0.05)、经常进食甜食、甜饮料或糖果(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.17~1.51,P<0.05)、睡前进食甜食(OR=2.94,95%CI=1.64~5.26,P<0.05);漱口习惯(OR=0.36,95%CI=0.23~0.57,P<0.05)是中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的重要保护因素。结论 建立良好的口腔卫生行为习惯,有助于降低中国学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的发生风险。     

济宁市城乡(两区)5岁儿童乳牙龋齿发病情况及分析

目的了解济宁地区城乡儿童乳牙龋病发病情况及相关因素分析,为开展儿童口腔预防保健提供基本资料。方法参考世界卫生组织(WHO)《口腔健康调查基本方法》(第4版)和全国第3次口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取济宁市中区和农村(任城区)5岁儿童共810人,并随机抽取其中1/2的儿童父母进行问卷调查。结果乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为72.19%和3.47,均低于2001年山东省平均水平[1],龋齿充填率为6.35%,其中城区儿童龋齿充填率为11.06%,农村儿童龋齿充填率为2.25%。结论应加强儿童口腔健康教育,尤其是要积极开展农村地区口腔预防保健工作,提高龋病的治疗率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.