不同产地铁皮石斛主要化学成分及指纹图谱研究

目的比较云南省不同产地铁皮石斛药材质量,为云南省铁皮石斛适宜产地的选择提供依据。方法采用热浸法、紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定铁皮石斛中醇溶性浸出物、多糖、甘露糖的含量,同时采用HPLC梯度洗脱技术建立指纹图谱系统,并进行聚类分析。结果云南省不同产地铁皮石斛药材在主要化学成分含量上有一定差异。其中勐海铁皮石斛的醇溶性浸出物和多糖含量最高,分别为13.65%和35.87%;德宏铁皮石斛的甘露糖含量最高,为24.96%,勐海居第2,为24.01%;而红河铁皮石斛的有效成分含量最低。不同产地铁皮石斛药材的HPLC指纹图谱相似度较好,在0.883～0.987之间,其中勐海与对照图谱间的相似度最低,为0.883,其余5个产地均在0.950以上。对6个产地铁皮石斛HPLC指纹图谱的共有峰总面积进行聚类分析发现,6个产地可分为两大类,勐海与文山为一类,思茅、德宏、红河和玉溪为一类。结论云南省内不同产地的铁皮石斛内在质量存在一定差异,其中勐海铁皮石斛的质量最优。     

不同干燥方法对铁皮石斛多糖和甘露糖含量的影响

目的 研究不同干燥方法对铁皮石斛中有效活性成分石斛多糖和甘露糖含量的影响,为铁皮石斛药材的加工方法提供科学依据。方法 采用红外线、烘干、微波、真空冷冻4种方法干燥铁皮石斛,采用比色法测定多糖含量、高效液相色谱法测定甘露糖含量,分析比较不同干燥方法对多糖及甘露糖含量变化的影响。结果 不同干燥方法得到的铁皮石斛中多糖和甘露糖含量存在较大差异,真空冷冻干燥样品中多糖和甘露糖含量最高,明显优于另外3种干燥样品（P<0.05）。结论 真空冷冻干燥法能最大程度地保留样品中的多糖和甘露糖。     

基于柱前衍生化HPLC法分析铁皮石斛茎和叶多糖中甘露糖的含量

目的:采用柱前衍生化HPLC法测定铁皮石斛茎和叶多糖中甘露糖的含量。方法:乙醇脱脂,沸水提取得到的多糖,用盐酸水解为单糖,水解产物加入1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)进行衍生化,采用RP-HPLC法测定多糖中甘露糖的含量。结果:茎和叶中多糖主要是由甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,茎中甘露糖含量比叶中高。结论:铁皮石斛茎和叶多糖中甘露糖含量有较大差异,应分别入药。     

云南不同产地茯苓中多糖的含量测定

分别用水和稀碱为溶剂提取茯苓多糖,用硫酸-苯酚法测定云南9个不同产地茯苓样品的水溶性多糖和碱溶性多糖的含量。结果表明：云南不同产地的茯苓中水溶性多糖最高达7．03％,最低为3．27％,碱溶性多糖最高达92．72％,最低为65．85％．云南不同产地的茯苓中多糖含量有明显差别。研究结果为评价云南茯苓药材的质量及种植奠定基础。     

不同产地铁皮石斛形态及有效部位成分含量比较

[目的]比较不同产地铁皮石斛的形态及其有效部位成分,为铁皮石斛资源的开发利用提供科学依据.[方法]对铁皮石斛徒手切片及其粉末进行显微鉴定.多糖成分采用超声提取后分别用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定多糖和甘露糖含量.[结果]甘露糖含量在150～250 mg/g之间;广东省新丰、广东省丹霞山、浙江省温州、浙江省义乌的多糖含量达250 mg/g以上.[结论]不同产地的铁皮石斛形态无显著差异,但其主要成分多糖的含量存在差异.     

不同因素对铁皮石斛中甘露糖含量的影响研究综述

本文简要介绍甘露糖的结构特性和生理活性,重点阐述不同因素对铁皮石斛中甘露糖含量的影响,旨在比较不同种属、不同产地、不同种源、不同生长年限、不同干燥方法对铁皮石斛总多糖,特别是铁皮石斛总多糖总主要成分甘露糖含量变化的影响。对铁皮石斛道地产地的种植选择、消费者购买辨别提供科学依据。     

人工栽培铁皮石斛与其他来源铁皮石斛中氨基酸与多糖及微量元素的比较分析

目的：比较不同来源铁皮石斛材料的化学品质,研究人工栽培铁皮石斛替代铁皮石斛野生资源的可行性。方法：通过定量测定,比较人工栽培铁皮石斛与铁皮石斛组织培养物、铁皮枫斗、铁皮石斛胶囊中总多糖、氨基酸和微量元素等主要药用成分的差异。结果：多糖含量的比较表明,人工栽培铁皮石斛总多糖含量与铁皮枫斗相近,分别为25.31%和29.38%,铁皮石斛组织培养物中最低,仅7.51%,铁皮石斛胶囊最高,可达40.73%。总氨基酸含量的比较表明,人工栽培铁皮石斛总氨基酸含量达5.74%,高于铁皮枫斗（4.5%）和铁皮石斛胶囊（3.91%）,低于铁皮石斛组织培养物（15.35%）。微量元素含量的比较表明,人工栽培铁皮石斛中10种微量元素含量与铁皮枫斗大致相近,铁皮石斛组织培养物中除Cu之外的其他9种微量元素高于其他石斛材料,而铁皮石斛胶囊中微量元素含量相对较低。结论：人工栽培铁皮石斛主要药用成分的质量与野生材料相近,可作为野生铁皮石斛的替代资源加以开发,也为铁皮石斛资源的保护和可持续利用打下了坚实的基础。     

浙江乐清人工种植铁皮石斛不同部位的多糖含量分析

目前,多糖质量分数的高低是判断铁皮石斛质量的主要依据。本试验运用硫酸—苯酚显色法对浙江省乐清市三家＂雁荡本地种＂铁皮石斛进行不同部位的多糖含量测定,结果表明：多糖含量以茎部为最,其次是叶子,根部。三家产品茎部多糖含量分别为（：23.73±0.22）%、（22.89±0.64）%、（20.84±0.69）%,这跟云南野生铁皮石斛植株多糖含量（25.11±0.58）%相近,为人工种植产品替代野生铁皮石斛提供了理论依据。     

产地和采收时间对美花石斛药材中多糖的影响

目的研究不同产地和不同采收季节对美花石斛药材多糖的影响,为确定美花石斛药材的最佳产地和采收时间提供依据。方法采用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法比较不同产地和不同采收时间美花石斛药材的多糖量,并对结果进行方差分析。结果不同产地和生长年限美花石斛多糖量差异较大,贵州则戎产的美花石斛药材多糖量最高,为14.9%;不同采收时期美花石斛药材的多糖量2年生均高于3年生,4月时多糖量最低,从4月开始量逐渐增高,其中9月量达到最高。结论以多糖量为指标来判断药材质量的好坏,贵州则戎所产的美花石斛药材质量较好,2年生药材的多糖量较高,采收期安排在9月至次年1月份期间比较合适,这一结果与传统石斛药材秋冬季节采收相符,并为美花石斛药材的采收和质量评价提供了科学依据。     

广西不同产地马鞭石斛多糖含量的测定

[目的]测定广西不同产地马鞭石斛中多糖的含量。[方法]以马鞭石斛中多糖的含量为考察指标,采用紫外-可见分光光度法,以苯酚-硫酸法测定马鞭石斛中多糖的含量。[结果]广西6个产地的马鞭石斛的多糖含量相差较大,其中以田阳县的马鞭石斛中多糖含量最高,达11.85%,其他产地的马鞭石斛多糖含量分别为10.93%、10.08%、4.18%、4.39%、5.20%。[结论]本文建立的方法稳定、可行,可用于马鞭石斛多糖含量的定量分析。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.