高频重复经颅磁刺激在脑卒中后注意障碍患者中的临床研究

目的:探究高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑卒中后注意障碍患者的注意功能和事件相关电位的影响。方法:将60例卒中后注意障碍患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。2组患者均予以药物及常规康复治疗,在上述干预基础上观察组采用高频(10Hz)rTMS刺激,对照组予以rTMS假刺激。于治疗前及治疗4周后进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、符号数字模式测试(SDMT)、数字广度测试(DST)、字母删除试验、事件相关电位P300的评定。结果:治疗后2组患者MoCA、SDMT、DST、正确删除数等评分均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),P300潜伏期缩短、波幅增高(P<0.05),观察组MoCA、SDMT、DST、字母正确删除数等评分较对照组提高更明显(P<0.05),P300潜伏期、波幅较对照组变化明显(P<0.05)。结论:高频rTMS可改善脑卒中后注意障碍患者的注意功能,P300可作为反映其注意功能受损的神经电生理指标。     

tDCS预刺激增强脑卒中认知功能障碍患者认知康复疗效的临床研究

目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)预刺激联合认知训练对脑卒中认知功能障碍(PSCI)患者认知功能的影响。方法:脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者76例随机分为观察组和对照组各38例,2组均采用常规药物和康复训练,观察组先给予tDCS预刺激,再进行认知训练,对照组先行认知训练,再进行tDCS刺激。治疗前和治疗4周后,采用蒙特利尔认知功能评测量表(MoCA)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、事件相关电位P300对患者进行评定。结果:治疗4周后,2组较治疗前的MoCA及MBI评均明显提高(均P<0.05),且观察组2项评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);2组较治疗前的P300潜伏期均明显缩短(均P<0.05),波幅均明显增加(均P<0.05),且观察组2项指标均更优于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:tDCS预刺激后给予认知训练方案对PSCI患者认知功能、ADL能力的改善作用优于先认知训练后tDCS刺激方案。     

基于眼动技术的VR认知训练在卒中后右脑半球损伤注意障碍患者中的康复应用

目的:评价基于眼动技术的VR认知训练在卒中后右脑半球损伤注意障碍患者康复中的疗效。方法:将40例右脑半球损伤脑卒中后注意障碍的患者随机分成2组,2组均进行常规治疗,观察组在其基础上进行眼动技术的VR认知康复训练替代常规治疗中认知功能训练。治疗前后分别采用MoCA评分,数字广度测试,字母删除测验,凝视时间评估。结果:治疗6周后,2组患者MoCA评分,数字广度测试,凝视时间均明显提高(P<0.05),而2组字母删除测验中错误删除数、总治疗时长治疗前后和组间无明显变化;治疗后观察组MoCA评分、字母删除测验中正确删除数、数字广度测试顺背数字和倒背数字、凝视时间指标改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于眼动技术的VR认知康复训练可以有效改善卒中后右脑半球损伤注意障碍患者的注意功能。     

高频与低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑梗死患者认知功能的影响

目的观察高频3Hz与低频0.5Hz重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑梗死后认知障碍患者认知功能的影响。 方法采用随机数字表法将90例脑梗死后认知功能障碍患者分为低频(0.5Hz)rTMS组、高频(3Hz)rTMS组及对照组，每组30例。3组患者均给予常规药物治疗及认知功能训练，低频rTMS组、高频rTMS组在此基础上分别给予相应频率rTMS治疗，对照组则给予rTMS假刺激治疗，均持续治疗4周。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）及改良Barthel指数（MBI）对各组患者认知功能及日常生活活动（ADL）能力进行评定，同时检测入选患者事件相关电位P300潜伏期及波幅改善情况。 结果治疗前3组患者MoCA、MBI评分、P300潜伏期及波幅组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；治疗后3组患者MoCA、MBI评分及P300潜伏期、波幅均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05)；并且治疗后高频rTMS组、低频rTMS组MoCA评分［分别为(29.6±6.6)分、(28.2±6.7)分］、MBI评分［分别为(55.7±6.1)分、(54．3±6.3)分］、P300潜伏期［分别为(346.4±18.5)ms、(348.7±18.4)ms］及P300波幅［分别为(9.8±3.5)μV、(9.1±3.6)μV］均显著优于对照组水平，组间差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；治疗后高频rTMS组与低频rTMS组上述指标组间差异仍无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论0.5Hz及3Hz rTMS均能显著改善脑梗死患者认知功能，提高其ADL能力，该疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

经颅直流电刺激对早期未治疗帕金森病患者认知功能及听觉事件相关电位的影响

目的 观察经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对早期未治疗帕金森病（PD）患者认知功能及听觉事件相关电位的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将56例早期未治疗PD患者分为tDCS组及对照组。tDCS组给予阳极刺激,电刺激强度为2.0mA;对照组给予伪刺激,即电刺激仪在刺激（电流强度为2.0mA）30s后自动停止电流输出,其他治疗参数同真刺激。2组患者均每天治疗20min,每天治疗1次。于治疗前、治疗8周后采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA)评估2组患者认知功能情况,同时于上述时间点检测2组患者听觉事件相关电位P50及P300潜伏期和波幅。 结果 治疗8周后发现tDCS组患者视空间/执行功能、命名、注意、语言、抽象、延迟记忆、定向和MoCA总分分别为（4.47±0.53）分、（2.13±0.57）分、（5.44±0.99）分、（1.89±0.31）分、（1.17±0.42）分、（5.73±0.67）分、（5.28±0.69）分和（26.35±5.61）分,与组内治疗前及同期对照组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);tDCS组患者听觉事件相关电位P50波幅［(2.11±1.06)μV］较组内治疗前及同期对照组均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05);tDCS组患者听觉事件相关电位P300潜伏期［(314.7±33.4)ms］和波幅［(10.74±2.89)μV］与组内治疗前及同期对照组间差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论 tDCS治疗能显著改善早期未治疗PD患者认知功能,同时还能降低患者听觉事件相关电位P50波幅,缩短P300潜伏期,增加P300波幅,该疗法值得临床进一步推广、应用。     

重复经颅磁刺激对脑静脉血栓形成后认知功能障碍的影响

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑静脉血栓形成后认知障碍患者认知功能的影响。 方法选取脑静脉血栓形成后认知功能障碍患者43例,采用随机数字表法将其分为rTMS组及对照组。2组患者均给予常规药物治疗及康复训练,rTMS组患者在此基础上辅以rTMS治疗。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、改良Barthel指数（MBI指数）对2组患者进行疗效评定,同时于上述时间点对2组患者进行事件相关电位（ERP）P300检查。 结果治疗后2组患者MoCA、MBI评分均较治疗前增加,HAMD评分较治疗前降低,P300潜伏期均较治疗前缩短,波幅较治疗前升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);并且上述指标（包括MoCA、MBI、HAMD评分及P300潜伏期）均以rTMS组患者的改善幅度较显著,与对照组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论在常规干预基础上辅以rTMS治疗,能进一步改善CVT后认知障碍患者认知功能,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

不同治疗时机的经颅直流电刺激治疗脑卒中后认知障碍的初步研究

目的:观察不同治疗时机的经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)患者认知功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响。方法:选取中山大学附属第三医院康复医学科于2019年1月-2020年1月收治的卒中后认知障碍患者43例,用随机数字法分为试验组A(online治疗组)、试验组B(offline治疗组)以及对照组C(sham组)。试验组A患者在进行认知训练的同时进行2mA的阳极tDCS刺激;试验组B在认知训练结束4h以后进行相同tDCS刺激;对照组C在进行认知训练的同时进行tDCS假刺激。tDCS与认知康复训练均为30min/次,5次/周,连续2周。在治疗前、2周治疗后(治疗后)及治疗结束后1个月(随访时)三个时间点进行蒙特利尔认识评估量表(MoCA)、数字广度测试(DST)、连线测试A部分(TMT-A)及改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)的评估。结果:本研究最终纳入统计分析的患者为41例(2例脱落)。治疗后、随访时3组患者的MoCA、DST、TMT-A及MBI评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05)。试验组A在治疗后、随访时MoCA评分的改善差值均显著性优于对照组C(P<0.05);试验组B在治疗后、随访时MoCA评分的改善差值均优于对照组C,但仅在随访时差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);试验组A与试验组B MoCA改善差值组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验组A治疗后、随访时数字广度正序、倒序均有显著性提高(P<0.05),试验组B在随访时数字广度倒序有显著性提高(P<0.05),对照组C治疗后数字广度的改善无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:tDCS联合认知康复训练能够更好地改善PSCI患者的工作记忆等认知功能以及ADL能力,其效果可以维持到治疗结束后1个月。tDCS治疗与认知康复训练同时进行可能比tDCS与认知康复训练分开进行更有优势。     

经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中患者认知功能及其脑白质纤维完整性的影响

目的观察经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对脑卒中患者认知功能的疗效, 并利用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术观察tDCS对脑白质纤维完整性的影响。方法选取脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)患者30例, 将其分为试验组和对照组, 每组患者15例。2组患者均给予基础药物治疗和常规认知训练, 试验组在此基础上增加tDCS治疗(每日1次, 每次刺激20 min, 每周刺激5 d, 连续治疗3周), 对照组则增加tDCS假刺激。于治疗前和治疗3周后(治疗后)采用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评价2组患者的认知功能, 其日常生活活动能力采用改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行评估, 同时采用DTI观察PSCI患者脑白质纤维完整性的变化, 并采用Pearson检验法对弥散纤维束的FA值与MMSE、MoCA分数进行相关性分析。结果治疗后, 2组患者的MMSE、MoCA、MBI评分较组内治疗前均显著改善, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05), 且试验组治疗后的MMSE、MoCA、MBI评分均显著高于对照组治疗后, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后...     

重复经颅磁刺激联合康复训练治疗非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的疗效观察

目的 探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合康复训练对非痴呆型血管性认知障碍（VCIND）患者认知功能的影响。 方法 共选取VCIND患者60例,采用随机数字表法将其分为rTMS组及对照组,每组30例。2组患者均给予常规药物治疗（如控制血压、血糖、调节脂代谢、营养脑神经及改善微循环等）及康复训练（如物理疗法、作业疗法及认知训练等）,rTMS组在此基础上辅以经颅磁刺激治疗,采用CCY-I型经颅磁刺激仪,磁刺激部位为左侧前额叶背外侧,磁刺激频率为10Hz,刺激强度为患者100%运动阈值水平,每日给予3000个脉冲刺激,治疗5d为1个疗程,每个疗程间隔2d,共治疗4个疗程。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）及改良Barthel指数（MBI）量表评定2组患者认知功能及日常生活活动（ADL)能力改善情况,同时于上述时间点检测2组患者事件相关诱发电位P300潜伏期及波幅。 结果 治疗前2组患者P300潜伏期、波幅及MMSE、MoCA、MBI评分组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后2组患者P300潜伏期均较治疗前缩短,波幅均较治疗前增加（P<0.05）;并且rTMS组P300潜伏期［(344.48±20.10)ms］亦显著短于对照组（P<0.05）,波幅［(8.49±1.49)μV］则明显大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后2组患者MoCA总分、MMSE及MBI评分均较治疗前有所改善（P<0.05）,但2组患者MoCA抽象概括、定向评分均较治疗前无明显改善（P>0.05）;治疗后rTMS组MoCA总分［(23.47±1.53)分］、MMSE评分［(22.50±1.53)分］及MBI评分［(80.17±4.04)分］亦显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论 与单纯康复训练比较,rTMS联合康复训练能进一步改善VCIND患者认知功能及ADL能力,该联合疗法值得临床进一步推广、应用。     

高压氧联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑梗死患者认知功能的疗效观察

目的:观察高压氧(HBO)联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗对脑梗死后患者认知功能的改善情况。方法:采用随机数字表法随机将90例脑梗死患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例。两组患者均给予常规治疗(常规药物治疗及认知功能训练),对照组患者在常规治疗基础上给予rTMS治疗,治疗组患者在常规治疗基础上给予HBO和rTMS联合治疗。两组患者均于治疗前和治疗4周后分别采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知功能评估,同时检测事件相关电位(P300)潜伏期及波幅改善情况。结果:治疗前两组患者的MoCA评分及P300潜伏期及波幅组间差异均无显著性意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者MoCA评分较组内治疗前均明显改善(P0.05),除语言项目外,治疗组的MoCA评分显著高于对照组,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后P300潜伏期及波幅均显著优于对照组水平,差异均具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:HBO联合rTMS治疗比单独r TMS治疗脑梗死患者的认知障碍效果更显著,该疗法值得临床推广。     

Predicting children's speech,language and reading impairment over time

Prospective population based longitudinal studies are highly informative for understanding developmental trajectories in speech, language and reading impairment. These studies contribute to our knowledge about the onset and trajectories of these disorders and to our understanding of the factors that influence these trajectories over the life course. Epidemiological research in speech, language and reading impairment shares some of the challenges inherent in studying any developmental impairment that persists yet changes over time. Not only do the speech, language and reading impairment phenotypes change over time but the proximal and distal factors associated with these phenotypes vary in magnitude at different epochs in development. The notion that phenotypes and the factors that influences them change is a positive one because it allows for the possibility of improvement and recovery. Clearly, the phenomenology of these developmental disorders makes the practical enterprise of identifying children at risk for these disorders and predicting their outcomes a significant challenge.     

小剂量阿司匹林致肾功能的损害

老年患者长期服用小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片致可逆性肾功能损害报道1例。     

老年主观记忆障碍患者轻度认知障碍发生情况及影响因素分析

目的:了解老年主观记忆障碍患者轻度认知障碍（MCI）发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2020年10月—2021年3月解放军总医院老年衰弱认知管理门诊主观记忆障碍患者322例,根据《2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南的诊断标准》将研究对象分为MCI组、非MCI组。采用自设问卷收集患者人口学资料、生理...     

Subjective memory impairment after stroke

The responses of 95 stroke patients and 129 orthopaedic control patients were compared on a questionnaire of subjective memory abilities. Stroke patients reported more problems than orthopaedic controls, and relatives observed more problems in both groups than were reported by patients. Reassessment after 6 months showed that stroke patients rated their memories as worse but their relatives observed an improvement. Factors such as whether the patient was in hospital or at home, and the side of the lesion, were not found to be related to overall subjective memory impairment.     

Psychometric evaluation of a Norwegian version of the Communication Strategies Scale of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired

Aim. To evaluate the Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) in an adult Norwegian sample with hearing loss.

Subjects and methods. Of 474 invited patients, a total of 337 consecutive adults admitted to the outpatient Unit of Audiology, ENT Department of a university hospital answered the CSS of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired. The inventory assesses the use of three specific coping strategies; Maladaptive Behaviour, Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Strategies. The psychometric evaluation included construct validity by corrected item-total correlation, the internal consistency reliability by coefficient alpha (Cronbach's) and standard error of the measurement (SEM). Internal structure was evaluated by factor analyses using principal factors followed by a varimax rotation.

Results. CSS showed good psychometric properties with acceptable and good internal consistency reliability for the subscales. The internal structure of the entire scale gave main loadings at 24 of 25 items at the same factor as the original one.

Conclusion. CSS may well be used as a clinical tool in the routine assessment of maladaptive and adaptive communication strategies in an unselected adult population of hearing impaired outpatients.     

Psychometric evaluation of a Norwegian version of the Communication Strategies Scale of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired

Aim. To evaluate the Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) in an adult Norwegian sample with hearing loss.

Subjects and methods. Of 474 invited patients, a total of 337 consecutive adults admitted to the outpatient Unit of Audiology, ENT Department of a university hospital answered the CSS of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired. The inventory assesses the use of three specific coping strategies; Maladaptive Behaviour, Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Strategies. The psychometric evaluation included construct validity by corrected item-total correlation, the internal consistency reliability by coefficient alpha (Cronbach's) and standard error of the measurement (SEM). Internal structure was evaluated by factor analyses using principal factors followed by a varimax rotation.

Results. CSS showed good psychometric properties with acceptable and good internal consistency reliability for the subscales. The internal structure of the entire scale gave main loadings at 24 of 25 items at the same factor as the original one.

Conclusion. CSS may well be used as a clinical tool in the routine assessment of maladaptive and adaptive communication strategies in an unselected adult population of hearing impaired outpatients.     

The effect of ice skating on psychological well-being and sleep quality of children with visual or hearing impairment

Abstract

Purpose: Physical exercise and sports have a key role in preventing physical and psychiatric problems in children. However, children with a disability often experience difficulty participating in physical activity due to a lack of suitable opportunities. Participation in an accessible sport is particularly important for these children, but studies examining which sports are beneficial for which disability groups are rare. In this study, we assessed the effects of ice skating on the psychological well-being, self-concept, and sleep quality of children with hearing or visual impairment. Method: Forty students (20 visually impaired and 20 hearing impaired) aged 8–16 were included in a regular ice skating programme for three months. We examined the sleep quality, self-concept, and behavioural and emotional states of the children before and after participating in the programme. Results: There was a significant improvement in self-concept, behavioural and emotional problems, and sleep quality (p?<?0.05 for each) of the children with hearing impairment. Although the sleep quality (p?=?0.019) and emotional problem scores (p?=?0.000) of the visually impaired children improved; self-concept, peer relations and hyperactivity scores of these children worsened (p?<?0.05 for each). Conclusion: Ice skating is one of the popular sport alternatives that gives children the opportunity to exercise and have fun together. The results of this study revealed that regular ice skating programmes may have positive effects on the psychological well-being of children with hearing impairment. Despite some positive effects, caution must be use when including visually impaired children in ice skating programmes. Generalization of the study's outcomes is limited as the study group were residential students enrolled in special education institutions for children who are blind or deaf.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Ice skating is a community-based sport and a popular leisure activity that can also have benefits for people with disabilities.

• Ice skating and children with hearing impairment:

• Self-concept, behavioural and emotional problems, and sleep quality of the children with hearing impairment significantly improved after ice skating.

• Ice skating programmes may be considered as a rehabilitation alternative for children with hearing impairment.

• Ice skating and children with visual impairment:

• Caution must be use when including children with visual impairment in ice skating programmes because of possible negative psychological outcomes.

• Balance exercises before starting the practices on ice should be considered for preventing some possible negative outcomes in children with visual impairment.

     

Assessment and Management of Saliva Control Problems in Children and Adults with Neurological Impairment

Drooling is a substantial problem for children and adults with physical and intellectual disabilities. Estimated prevalence rates vary between 10% (Ekedahl, 1974) and 37% (Van de Heyning et al., 1980) in children with cerebral palsy. Prevalence rates for those with intellectual disability and other neurological conditions are unknown. Drooling is normal in infancy and usually subsides around 18 months of age. Persistence beyond four years of age in the awake state is considered abnormal (Crysdale, 1989).     

脂肪肝并发肝功能损害的相关危险因素及防治干预措施

目的探讨脂肪肝并发肝功能损害的相关危险因素,为防治干预措施的制定提供依据。方法选取2016年7月至2018年10月在该院就诊的脂肪肝并发肝功能损害患者46例为观察组,并选取同期脂肪肝患者46例为对照组,比较两组单因素分析结果,并进行Logistic多因素分析。结果观察组超重、肥胖、高血压、慢性饮酒、吸烟、饮酒所占比例均高于对照组,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)及血尿酸(UA)水平较高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平及经常锻炼所占比例较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic分析,超重、肥胖、慢性饮酒、高血压、吸烟及LDL-C、FBG和UA水平升高是脂肪肝合并肝功能损害发生的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);HDL-C水平升高及经常锻炼为脂肪肝合并肝功能损害发生保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论饮酒、吸烟、慢性饮酒、高血压、肥胖、超重、锻炼及LDL-C、FBG、UA和HDL-C水平与脂肪肝并发肝功能损害有着密切的关系,应通过加强锻炼、合理膳食等方法控制和预防脂肪肝合并肝功能损害发展。