普伐他汀对去势大鼠骨质疏松症的治疗作用

目的 探讨普伐他汀片对去势大鼠骨质疏松症的治疗作用,为临床用药提供依据.方法 取12周龄的雌性Wistar大鼠加只,氯氨酮(5 mg/100 g)麻醉条件下,其中30只打开腹腔去除双侧卵巢,逐层缝合,另10只予以单纯打开腹腔不切除卵巢.将大鼠分模型组、普伐他汀组、阳性对照组、正常对照假手术组4组,饲养12周后,分别予以生理盐水(10 ml/kg)、普伐他汀水溶液(2 ms/ks)、α-D3水溶液(0.05μg/kg)及生理盐水(10 ml/kg)灌胃.灌胃12周后,活杀各组动物,以双能X线密度测定仪测定骨密度.取血清用放免法测定血清中骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT).通过三点弯曲试验,记录载荷-变形曲线,测定骨生物力学指标.结果 经过12周的普伐他汀水溶液灌胃治疗,明显提高了去势大鼠的骨密度、血清激素水平,与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05),并能改善治疗组大鼠的骨力学性能.结论 普伐他汀可提高去势大鼠的骨密度值及血清激素水平,改善骨的生物力学性能,具有治疗骨质疏松症的作用.     

肝纤维化大鼠性激素的变化及己烯雌酚对大鼠肝纤维化影响的实验研究

目的：探讨肝纤维化大鼠性激素的变化及己烯雌酚对大鼠肝纤维化的影响，以期对肝纤维化的治疗提供一种新的途径。方法：Wistar大鼠按性别分为两大组，各大组随机分为空白对照组，肝纤维化模型组，已烯雌酚（DES）干预组。对照组：腹腔注射生理盐水（NS）0．5ml/只／次，2次／周，共12周；模型组：腹腔注射猪血清（PS）0．5ml/只／次，2次／周，共12周；干预组：腹腔注射猪血清0．5ml/只／次，2次／周，共12周，并于第9周始腹腔注射已烯雌酚1．2mg/kg／次，2次／周，共4周。于12周末处死全部实验动物，留血清采用放射免疫法检测各组大鼠血清性激素（雌二醇、睾酮、孕酮)水平及透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-c）、层粘连蛋白（LN）等纤维化指标；取肝组织进行HE染色、Masson染以及I、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组化染色，对肝纤维化进行病理分期，对免疫组化结果进行半定量分析。结果：肝纤维化模型组的纤维化程度明显较空白对照组为重（P＜0．05），DES干预组的纤维化程度与肝纤维化模型组比较明显减轻（P＜0．05）。此外，肝纤维化模型组的雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）浓度较空白对照组明显下降（P＜0．05），孕酮（P）的浓度无明显改变（P＞0．05）。E2、T、P三者与肝纤维化指标（I、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组化）间的直线相关系数无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：一定量的雌激素具有抑制肝纤维化进展的作用。肝纤维化时，血清雌二醇、睾酮的浓度是下降的，孕酮的浓度无明显改变。血清雌二醇、睾酮、孕酮浓度与肝纤维化程度间未发现直线相关关系。     

雷洛昔芬对去卵巢大鼠纤维蛋白原的影响

目的探讨选择性雌激素受体调节剂雷洛昔芬对去卵巢大鼠血浆纤维蛋白原的影响。方法40只12周龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为5组，每组8只。（1）去卵巢组（Ovariectomy，OVX）：切除大鼠双侧卵巢建立绝经后模型，给予等量生理盐水灌胃；（2）假手术对照组（Control，C）：只打开腹腔未切除双侧卵巢，给予等量生理盐水灌胃；（3）雌激素组（Ovariectomy＋Estrogen，E）：切除大鼠双侧卵巢，给予雌激素（倍美力，1mg／kg·d）灌胃治疗；（4）小剂量雷洛昔芬（Ovariectomy＋Raloxifene，Rs）：切除大鼠双侧卵巢，给予雷洛昔芬（易维特，1mg／kg·d）灌胃治疗；（5）大剂量雷洛昔芬组（Ovariectomy＋Raloxifene，Rl）：切除大鼠双侧卵巢，给予雷洛昔芬（易维特，3mg／（kg·d）灌胃治疗。治疗3个月后，测量治疗后各组血浆纤维蛋白原的变化。结果去卵巢组血清雌二醇水平明显下降，显著低于假手术对照组。雌激素或雷洛昔芬治疗后血清雌二醇水平都上升，接近假手术对照组（OVX：36．69±6．91比C：248．32±32．51比E：240．89±29．44比Rs：239．56±25．73比Rl：243．48±27．62pg／mL,P〈0．01）。去卵巢组的血浆纤维蛋白原浓度显著高于假手术对照组和雷洛昔芬组。雌激素组纤维蛋白原的浓度也升高，与假手术对照组比较有统计学意义。雷洛昔芬治疗后纤维蛋白原下降，低于去卵巢组和雌激素组（OVX：4．25±0．43比C：1．76±0．20比E：3．46±0．31比Rs：1．63±0．19比Rl：1．41±0．16g／L，P〈0．05）。结论雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后，纤维蛋白原水平升高。雌激素治疗不能降低纤维蛋白原水平反而升高其水平，而雷洛昔芬能降低纤维蛋白原水平。     

红曲有效成分对体外培养成骨细胞增殖分化及矿化功能的影响

[目的]通过红曲有效成分对体外培养成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化功能影响的研究,对有效成分抗骨质疏松症的作用机理进行初步探讨。[方法]取成年SD大鼠40只,随机分为空白组、倍美力组、-αD3组、红曲有效成分组4组,每组10只,分别予以生理盐水、倍美力水溶液、-αD3水溶液及红曲有效成分水溶液灌胃,10d后,制备含药血清;将从出生24h内的新生大鼠颅骨取材的成骨细胞培养于上述含药血清培养基中,应用MTT法、对硝基苯磷酸盐法、BMP-2免疫组化染色及茜素红染色方法观察红曲有效成分对体外培养成骨细胞的增殖、碱性磷酸酶表达、BMP-2表达及矿化结节形成的影响。[结果]红曲有效成分组的成骨细胞数量、碱性磷酸酶的表达水平及矿化结节的形成明显增加,而且发现BMP-2阳性率高于空白组。[结论]红曲有效成分能治疗骨质疏松症,其机制可能是通过促进成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化及BMP-2表达来实现的。     

葛根素通过BMP-2调节去卵巢大鼠骨代谢

目的：研究葛根素对去卵巢雌鼠骨代谢的作用以及其对骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）的影响。方法：将30只4月龄sD雌鼠随机分成空白组（Sham组）、模型组（OVX组）和葛根素组（Puerarin组）,每组10只。OVX组和Puerarin组行双侧卵巢切除术,4周后,Puerarin组给予葛根素标准品[20mg（kg·d）]灌胃12周,OVX组和Sham组给予等量的生理盐水。干预结束后用双能X线检测骨密度,EusA法检测血中雌二醇、骨钙素、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶含量,Western blotting检测骨组织中BMP-2蛋白的表达。结果：给药结束后,OVX组和Puerarin组大鼠腰椎、左右股骨的骨密度较Sham组均显著下降（P〈0．05）,Puer—arin组高于OVX组;Puerarin组大鼠血清雌二醇、骨钙素、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶水平均高于OVX组（P〈0．05）。Puerarin组和Sham组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Puerarin组BMP-2的表达水平显著高于OVX组（P〈0．05）。结论：葛根素上调BMP-2的表达是其调控去卵巢雌鼠体内的骨代谢的途径之一。     

重组人甲状旁腺素 1-34 对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的作用研究

目的探讨重组人甲状旁腺素1-34（hPTH1-34）对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法50只7个月龄SD健康雌性大鼠,30只行双侧卵巢摘除术,20只做假手术（SHAM）,12周后各处死10只证实骨质疏松造模成功。余20只双侧卵巢摘除大鼠随机分为去卵巢（OVX）安慰剂组10只和hPTH1-34治疗组10只,10只SHAM组作对照。hPTH1-34治疗组剂量为20μg／kg,皮下注射,每周注射3次。OVX安慰剂和SHAM组皮下注射0．5mL生理盐水,每周注射3次。治疗3个月后,测定并比较三组股骨、腰椎骨密度（BMD）、血清钙、磷、骨源性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（Trap-5b）水平。结果hPTH1-34治疗组股骨和腰椎BMD较OVX安慰剂组明显升高[（0．151±0．008）g／cm^2比（0．135±0．013）g／cm^2,（0．181±0．010）g／cm^2比（0．159±0．008）g／cm^2,P〈0．01],血清钙、磷、BALP、Tmp-5b水平明显高于OVX安慰剂组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,与SHAM组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论hPTH1-34通过刺激成骨细胞的活性,抑制破骨细胞,可显著增加BMD,对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松有效。     

盐炙杜仲对老年性骨质疏松模型大鼠骨组织BMP-2的影响

目的通过建立D-半乳糖致老年性骨质疏松(SOP)大鼠模型,探讨盐炙杜仲治疗SOP过程中对骨组织BMP-2的影响。方法将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为六组,除了空白对照组外,其他五组均给予腹腔注射D-半乳糖;空白对照组给予腹腔注射同等剂量的生理盐水。8周后造模成功,空白对照组、模型对照组均给予0.5%CMC-Na液灌胃;阳性对照组给予依替膦酸钠灌胃;杜仲低剂量组给予盐炙杜仲低剂量灌胃;杜仲中剂量组给予盐炙杜仲中剂量灌胃;杜仲高剂量组给予盐炙杜仲高剂量灌胃。各组连续给药4周后进行骨组织BMP-2免疫组化检测和骨密度(BMD)检测。结果与模型对照组比较,杜仲高剂量组BMP-2表达呈显著增强(P0.05),与阳性对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论实验证明高浓度盐炙杜仲能够提高骨组织BMP-2活性升高BMD,促进成骨细胞代谢,有利于骨质矿化,从而治疗老年性骨质疏松症。     

雄附散对抗博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化的作用机制

目的探讨雄附散对大鼠肺间质纤维化干预的机制。方法将70只SD大鼠随机分为正常组,假手术组,模型组,醋酸泼尼松组（5．6mg／kg）,雄附散高、中、低剂量组（1．4g／kg、0．7g／kg、0．35g／kg）。各组大鼠于造模后第2天开始连续4周灌胃（is）,给予生理盐水（0．014L／kg）或相应药物（0．014L／kg）,28d后取右中肺组织进行HE染色和Masson染色及MDA含量、SOD和GSH-PX活性测定。结果HE染色和Masson染色均提示雄附散高剂量组肺组织无明显形态学改变,肺组织中SOD和GSH-PX酶活性明显高于其他各组（P〈0．01）,MDA含量明显低于各药物干预组（P〈0．01）。结论雄附散可能通过提高受损组织中抗氧化酶活性水平来对抗肺组织纤维化过程。     

胃康对大鼠实验性慢性胃炎防治的免疫学观察

实验用１６０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠自由饮用０．１％氨水８周造成实验性慢性胃炎模型。防治组于诱发胃炎的同时分别用２０％胃康、维霉素水溶液及生理盐水２ｍｌ／只，隔日灌胃８周。治疗组于饮用０．１％氨水８周后，分别用３０％胃康，维霉素水溶液及生理盐水２ｍｌ／只，每日灌胃治疗４周。实验结束后剪尾取血、并进行免疫学检测。结果显示：模型组与正常对照组比较，两批体重增长率均明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），体内淋巴细胞转化率和Ｔ细胞酯酶染色阳性率均显著下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），血清凝集素和溶血素、脾脏指数和胸腺指数均无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。胃康组体重增长率，淋巴细胞转化率和Ｔ细胞酯酶染色阳性率均较模型组升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），并优于维霉素组。说明胃康在防治实验性慢性胃炎过程中有一定的改善细胞免疫的作用。     

普伐他汀对激素性坏死股骨头内Cbfa1表达的影响

目的 研究普伐他汀对激素性坏死股骨头内Cbfal基因表达的影响．方法 54只新西兰白兔随机分为正常组（A组）、模型组（B组）和普伐他汀治疗组（C组），每组18只．B、C两组应用大肠杆菌内毒素及甲强龙造成股骨头坏死模型，C组于造模后4周开始用普伐他汀灌胃，A、B两组以等量蒸馏水灌胃．分别于喂药后第4、8、12周分批取兔股骨头行实时荧光定量PCR检测股骨头内Cbfal mRNA的表达．结果 B、C两组各时相点Cbfal mRNA的表达水平均低于A组，但C组喂药后第8、12周的表达量明显高于B组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）．结论 普伐他汀可促进激素性坏死股骨头内Cbfal mRNA的表达，有可能成为临床治疗激素性股骨头坏死的有效药物．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.