1994年对云南省瑞丽等地HIV感染者定群研究及KAP调查

１９９４年对已建立两年的吸毒者ＨＩＶ感染定群研究现场──云南省德宏州瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县再次进行追踪调查，共调查吸毒者５２２名，全部采集了血样，其中１９９２年和１９９３年进入定群研究的静注毒品ＨＩＶ阴性者分别为２６名及３９名，检测结果１０名血清转呈阳性。瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县静注者血清阳转率（／百观察人年）分别为２５．０％、１６．３％及０．０％。１９９４年新进入定群研究的静注者中有１０５名采集到血样，发现ＩＩＩＶ阳性４６名。瑞丽、陇川及潞西的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为６１．８％、３８．５％及０．０％。本次对５２２名吸毒者进行ＫＡＰ调查结果显示，民族、职业、文化程度与ＨＩＶ感染率之间有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。潞西县ＨＩＶ阳性率低，可能与以汉族为主、文化程度高、很少去缅甸有关。     

云南省HIV感染的流行现状研究(1989~1992)

本文总结了云南省１９８９～１９９２年常规监测和哨点监测的监测结果。１９９２年静脉吸毒感染率瑞丽市为８０．８％，陇川县为４３．０％，盈江县为１７．４％，潞西县为３．７％，昆明市为０。比较三个县（市）的１９９０、１９９２年静脉吸毒感染率的变化，瑞丽市增长１２．８个百分点，陇川县增长８．２个百分点，潞西县未见增长：哨点监测，陇川县戒毒所哨点、瑞丽市无关联血清哨点呈现增长；思茅在卖淫者中检出ＨＩＶ（＋）者，检出率为３．６％，西双版纳在嫖客中检出ＨＩＶ（＋）者，检出率为９．１％。     

1994年对云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者HIV感染定群研究及KAP调查

１９９４年对云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者ＨＩＶ感染定群研究及ＫＡＰ调查中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所１０００５０郑锡文，张家鹏１９９４年继续对瑞丽市、陇川县和潞西县的吸毒队列随访。吸毒者的队列研究建于１９９２年。１９９４年共观察５２２名吸毒者，其中...     

云南省瑞丽、陇川等地吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染定群研究

1992年3月在云南省德宏州的瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县对860名吸毒者及82例配偶进行了KAP调查,并采血作HIV感染检测。调查结果860名吸毒人群中静脉吸毒者有285例,占33.1%,在采集到血样的282例静脉吸毒者中,HIV感染的现患率为49.0%。其中瑞丽市最高,占81.8%(63/77),其次为陇川县,为44.6%(74/166),潞西县最低,为5.1%(2/39)。对75例曾在两年内被采血结果为HIV(-)者,此次血检结果12例为HIV(+),阳转率为16.0%。在静脉吸毒人群中HIV(+)者的82例配偶中,采集到血样62例,其中6例HIV(+),感染率为9.8%,这比两年前的调查结果(感染率为3.1%,2/64)上升6.7%。     

分布与传播

飞55了1 993年云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者艾滋病病毒感染定群研究/郑锡文(中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所》二刀艾滋病简报/卫生部卫生防疫司一1994,(1)一6~8 为了进一步了解19蛇年进入定群研究的静注毒品者的Hw血清阳转率(发病率)及1 993年新进入定群研究的吸毒者的Hw感染现患率情况.以及艾滋病传播的危险因幸.我们于1993年3月再次对德宏州吸毒者Hlv感染情踢进行前晌性调查研究。调查对象与1992年相同,即为瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县的吸毒者。本次调查吸毒者共755名,其中l,92牟已列入定群研究者320名,1993年新进入定群研究者43导名,7…     

中国某县有偿献血员艾滋病病毒感染流行病学研究

目的：了解中国有偿献血员ＨＩＶ感染率及其流行因素。方法：对中国中部某县两个村１８￣５０岁村民进行ＨＩＶ感染率调查,并进行定群研究。结果 １９９７年调查了９６３人,发现ＨＩＶ抗体阳性者１７例,ＨＩＶ感染率为１．８％,其中有偿献血员８８人,１５例为ＨＩＶ抗体阳性,ＨＩＶ感染率为１７．０％,显著高于非献血人群（０．２％）。１９９８年和２０００年进行了随访,其中ＨＩＶ抗体阴性人群６６８人,共随访１７４２人     

1992～1995年中国瑞丽等地吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染率观察及定群研究

对１９９２年起中国西南边境瑞丽等县建立的吸毒人群ＨＩＶ感染率及发病率观察的现场，每年进行追踪调查，１９９２－１９９５年历年各调查８５９、４３７、３４３及５４０名，共２１７９名。３县吸毒人群中静说比例约为３０％，１９９５年上升至近５０％；瑞丽县静注毒品者ＨＩＶ感染率较高，１９９２－１９９５年历的为８１．８％、８５．７％、６１．８％及５１．９％；陇川县居中，历年为４４．６％、４０．０％、４２．４％及４     

云南省瑞丽市静注毒品人群HIV感染者死亡情况调查

采用回顾性前瞻研究对１９８９年１０月～１９９３年１０月瑞丽市静注毒品人群ＨＩＶ感染者死亡情况进行调查。在观察期内，３９５名ＨＩＶ阳性队列中死亡６１人，累计死亡率１５．４％；对照组１９２名ＨＩＶ阴性静注毒品队列死亡１８人，累计死亡率９．４％，两相比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），相对危险度（ＲＲ）１．６（９５％可信区间１．０～２．５）。按死因分类后，两队列死因不明和意外死亡类别差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），且均保持较高的主要为由吸毒过量、殴斗自杀行为所致的意外性死亡率（分别为４．７％、５．８％）。但是，在因病死亡类别，ＨＩＶ阳性队列死亡率为８．４％，显著高于ＨＩＶ阴性队列３．１％的水平（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＲＲ为２．７（９５％可信区间２．１～６．１）。若去除ＨＩＶ阳性队列中２名ＡＩＤＳ死亡病例后，比较两队列非ＡＩＤＳ性死亡率，ＨＩＶ阳性队列为１３．９％，ＨＩＶ阴性队列为７．９％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＲＲ为１．７（９５％可信区间１．０～２．８）。结果表明，瑞丽市的静注毒品者中，ＨＩＶ阳性人群死于疾病的机会较ＨＩＶ阴性人群高，其中可能包括部分漏报的ＡＩＤＳ病例，提示今后应加强对基层卫生人员有关ＡＩＤＳ诊断标准的培训。     

福州地区海洛因依赖者艾滋病毒、肝炎病毒及梅毒感染调查

「目的」对福州地区海洛因依赖者的艾滋病毒（ＨＩＶ）、肝炎病毒（ＨＶ）和梅毒感染情况及其危险因素进行流行病学调查。「方法」对福州地区１２０名吸毒者检测ＨＩＶ、乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）及梅素感染标志物,并对结果进行统计和分析。「结果」１２０名吸毒者中ＨＩＶ感染为０,ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ、ＨＤＶ和ＨＧＶ单独感染率分别为２５．８％、９．２％、０和４．２％。ＨＶ混合感染率为１４．１％,ＨＶ总感染率为５３．３％,梅毒的感染率为５％。「结论」在福州地区的海洛因依赖者中存在梅毒和ＨＶ的感染,并以ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染占绝对优势。未发现ＨＩＶ感染。     

四川省1997年艾滋病监测报告

本文对１９９７年四川省艾滋病哨点监测，专题调查和常规检测报告中检测的１０２７８１例高危人群进行了分析总结，共检出ＨＩＶ－１抗体阳性者１９４例，检出率为０．１９％，４类哨点监测人群中只在吸毒者和性病门诊者中发现ＨＩＶ－１抗体阳性，检出率分别为２．３８￣６．６４％和０￣０．１７％；劳教吸毒人员专题调查的检出率为１．６４％；各类高危人群的常规检测的２检出率为０．０９％，结果显示，目前我省艾滋病流行仍以吸     

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus, HIV and human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses in injecting drug users in Tayside, Scotland, 1993-7

The prevalence of blood-borne viruses in injecting drug users (IDUs) in Tayside, Scotland was determined by testing serum samples from IDUs who underwent attributable HIV antibody testing during 1993-7. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV was 29/802, (3.6%); to hepatitis C virus (HCV) 451/691, (65.3%); and to human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV) 0/679, (0.0%). The prevalence of HIV and HCV antibodies were higher in subjects over the age of 25 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). During 1993-7 the prevalence of HCV fell only in younger female IDUs (P < 0.01). HIV prevalence has declined dramatically since 1985, when a rate of 40% was recorded in similar populations. Harm reduction measures have failed to control HCV the spread of infection among IDUs in Tayside, as indicated by the high proportion of antibody positive IDUs, particularly males under the age of 25. Future studies should address the nature and effective reduction of continuing risk taking among IDUs in Tayside.     

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a Northern Alberta population

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics and estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients in Northern Alberta. METHODS: A cross-sectional (prevalence) study was performed on a cohort of HIV-positive patients. HCV testing was not widely available until December 1989, and the more sensitive, second generation immunoassay was not available until 1992. To reduce the effect of testing bias, we restricted consideration of HCV status to patients first seen January 1, 1992 onward. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of patients in the whole cohort were tested for HCV (564/1,276) and 62% (505/809) of patients entered since January 1, 1992 were tested for HCV. During the period January 1, 1992-December 31, 1999, the prevalence of HCV in our cohort of northern Alberta HIV-positive patients was at least 37.9% (307/809) and was 60.8% (307/505) among those who were tested for HCV in 1992 or later. The mean age of the co-infected group was 33.6 years, 66.1% were male, 91.2% were injection drug users (IDUs), 56.8% were Caucasian, and 40.0% were Aboriginal. A statistically significant difference was found between the HCV-negative cohort, the HCV co-infected cohort, and the HCV-untested cohort for the following variables: risk behaviour, gender, ethnic status, death, occurrence of an AIDS-defining illness (p < 00.0001), and mean baseline CD4 cell count (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of the HIV-infected IDUs was co-infected with HCV. Compared to the HCV-negative group, the co-infected group appears to have had less advanced HIV disease. This is likely a reflection of more recent HIV infection in the HCV co-infected group.     

HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: use of serologic test algorithm to assess expansion of HIV prevention services

OBJECTIVES: We sought to estimate HIV incidence among injection drug users (IDUs) in New York City from 1990 to 2002 to assess the impact of an expansion of syringe exchange services. Syringe exchange increased greatly during this period, from 250,000 to 3,000,000 syringes exchanged annually. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from serial cross-sectional surveys of 3,651 IDUs. HIV-positive samples were tested with the Serologic Test Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) assay to identify recent HIV infections and to estimate HIV incidence. Consistency with other incidence studies was used to assess strengths and limitations of STARHS. RESULTS: HIV incidence declined from 3.55/100 person-years at risk (PYAR) from 1990-1992, to 2.63/100 PYAR from 1993-1995, to 1.05/100 PYAR from 1996-1998, and to 0.77/100 PYAR from 1999-2002 (P<.001). There was a very strong negative linear relationship (r= -.99, P<.005) between the annual numbers of syringes exchanged and estimated HIV incidence. These results were highly consistent with a large number of shorter incidence studies among IDUs conducted during the time period. CONCLUSIONS: STARHS testing of samples from large serial cross-sectional surveys can provide important data for the assessment of community-level HIV prevention.     

广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒者HIV感染状况调查

目的 了解广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒HIV的感染状况及其相关危险行为，为在该人群中开展干预策略提供依据。方法 对该地区戒毒所内戒毒和社区吸毒进行面对面调查，并采集静脉血5ml进行HIV抗体检测。结果 共调查655名吸毒，VIH染率为29.0％;有静脉注射毒品(IDU)史占99．5％，其中曾有共用针具行为的占75．4％；曾经注射毒品是感染HIV最危险的因素。结论 广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒有较高的HIV感染率，静脉注射吸毒是HIV感染的主要因素。应尽快采取有效的减少危害的措施，以控制服在该人群中的传播。     

2004～2006年济宁市戒毒人员艾滋病监测分析

[目的]了解济宁市戒毒人员艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况及相关危险因素,为制订吸毒人群艾滋病干预措施提供依据。[方法]对2004~2006年进入济宁市戒毒所的吸毒人员进行面对面调查,采集静脉血检测抗-HIV。[结果]调查吸毒者292人,37.33%有注射毒品行为。其中,57.80%曾与他人共用注射器或针头;7.88%曾通过金钱或毒品交易与他人发生过性行为。检测292名吸毒者,抗-HIV阳性率为14.38%,梅毒抗体阳性率为2.74%。抗-HIV阳性率,男性为17.49%,女性为4.35%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);外省人员为22.95%,本省人员均为阴性;静脉吸毒、吸毒时间长、共用注射器吸毒者高于口吸毒、静脉吸毒时间短、未共用注射器吸毒者。[结论]济宁市戒毒所的吸毒人员HIV感染率较高,梅毒感染率很低。     

云南省德宏州静脉注射吸毒人群艾滋病毒感染自然史研究

目的 了解静脉注射吸毒人群艾滋病毒(HIV)感染的生存与死亡规律及其影响因素.方法 收集并分析云南省德宏州1989年8-12月发现的196例静脉注射吸毒HIV感染者20年跟踪随访资料.结果 截止观察终点2009年12月31日,196例HIV感染者中177例(90.3%)死亡,10例(5.1%)存活,9例(4.6%)失访.总死亡密度为98.1/1000人年,艾滋病死亡密度为54.9/1000人年.因艾滋病死亡者占所有死亡者的55.9%,其他疾病死亡原因中以疟疾(2.8%)、败血症(2.3%)为主,非病死亡原因中以吸毒过量(13.0%)、意外伤亡(6.8%)为主.以死亡为结局,静脉注射吸毒人群HIV感染者中位生存时间为8.6年(95%CI:7.6～9.7).以艾滋病死亡为结局,则中位生存时间为11.3年(95%CI:10.3～12.8),估计的潜伏期约为10.3年.30岁及以上HIV感染者死亡的危险性是30岁以下者的1.9倍(95%CI:1.2～2.7).吸毒时间越长,生存时间越短(HR=0.7,95%CI:0.6～0.7).结论 静脉注射吸毒人群非艾滋病死亡人数较多.注射吸毒人群中位生存时间和潜伏期低于发达国家同类人群.年龄是影响HIV感染生存时间的重要因素.