视网膜光凝联合药物治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体出血

目的探讨视网膜光凝联合药物治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体出血的临床效果。方法观察32眼视网膜光凝联合药物治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体出血,出血吸收及治疗效果。结果视网膜光凝联合药物治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体出血能明显提高视力,促进出血吸收,减少再出血机会。结论视网膜光凝联合药物治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体出血有良好疗效,避免手术和减少患者手术风险。     

糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障的手术治疗--晶状体超声乳化、玻璃体视网膜手术与眼内光凝联合手术

目的 探讨晶状体超声乳化、玻璃体视网膜手术与眼内光凝联合治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障的临床效果。方法 对23例(24眼)糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障的患者行晶状体超声乳化、玻璃体切除、眼内视网膜手术、视网膜激光凝固与人工晶状体植入的联合手术治疗。结果 术后出院成功率87.5%(21/24),24眼术后随访5～38月,平均11.3月,随访成功率83.3%(20/24)。术后视力>0.05者占66.7%,随访视力>0.05者占70.8%。结论 对患糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障者,在条件允许的情况下采取联合手术治疗,可取得较理想的效果。     

玻璃体切割联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的观察玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术及硅油填充术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法将63例(67眼)增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者进行玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,剥膜、眼内激光、硅油填充或气体填充等,术后随访3～18个月观察治疗效果。结果单纯玻璃体视网膜手术23眼,联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术25眼,术中注入硅油37眼。术后矫正视力不同程度改善52眼,11眼不变,4眼下降。术中眼内出血5眼;术后玻璃体积血2眼,视网膜上出血2眼,一过性高眼压14眼,继发性青光眼2眼,白内障加重或形成13眼,后发性白内障形成6眼。结论玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,剥膜、眼内激光、硅油填充或气体填充等治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变安全有效,联合手术可避免再次行白内障手术,减少视网膜脱离、白内障、继发性青光眼等并发症的发生率。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床效果

目的观察玻璃体切除硅油填充术联合超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床疗效。方法根据患者自愿原则,将53例（57只眼）增生性糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅵ期患者分成联合手术组和玻璃体手术组。联合手术组33例（33只眼）,单纯玻璃体手术组20例（24只眼）。联合手术组进行玻璃体视网膜手术、硅油填充、超声乳化白内障摘除及折叠型人工晶状体植入术,单纯玻璃体手术组进行玻璃体视网膜手术及硅油填充。对两组术后视网膜复位情况和并发症进行对照分析。结果联合手术组视网膜完全复位29只眼,视网膜复位率为87．9％;单纯玻璃体手术组视网膜完全复位20只眼,视网膜复位率为83．3％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．626）。联合手术组发生虹膜新生血管1只眼（3．0％）,单纯玻璃体手术组发生虹膜新生血管2只眼（8．3％）。均发生在视网膜未复位的患者,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．775）。结论玻璃体视网膜手术联合超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变安全有效,联合手术可避免再次行白内障手术。     

进展型增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体 切割手术的价值与意义

目的了解有不同并发症的进展型增生性糖尿病视网膜病变眼进行玻璃体手术的结果。方法将患有Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病进展型增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的314只眼分为玻璃体积血合并局限牵拉性视网膜脱离组;广泛纤维血管膜合并牵拉性视网膜脱离组;牵拉孔源混合性视网膜脱离组;玻璃体积血视网膜脱离合并老年性白内障行玻璃体手术联合白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入组,分别进行回顾性分析。结果玻璃体积血合并局限牵拉性视网膜脱离组中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病患 者手术后获得0.1以上视力的分别占39.4%和66.7%,广泛纤维血管膜合并牵拉性视网膜脱离组中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病患者手术后获得0.1以上视力的分别占31.6%和51.6%,牵拉孔源混合性视网膜脱离组手术后获得0.1以上视力者占31.6%,玻璃体积血视网膜脱离合并老年性白内障行玻璃体手术联合白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入组手术后获得0.1以上视力者占62.5%。首要的术中 并发症是医源性视网膜裂孔,术后视力丧失的主要原因包括新生血管性青光眼、视网膜脱离和视网膜中央动脉阻塞。结论玻璃体切割手术联合全视网膜光凝术,能有效地改善进展性糖尿病视网膜病变患者的视力。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:171-174)     

玻璃体切除术联合晶状体手术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变

目的:评价玻璃体手术联合晶状体手术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床效果。方法:对68例68眼增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障患者行玻璃体切除术联合晶状体超声乳化吸出术治疗,其中35例Ⅰ期植入折叠型后房型人工晶状体。结果:术后43例(63.2%)患者视力提高,术中无严重并发症发生,术后7例(10.3%)角膜上皮愈合延迟,5例(7.4%)发生新生血管性青光眼,6例(8.8%)发生复发性玻璃体积血,4例(5.9%)发生复发性视网膜脱离,4例(5.9%)发生后发性白内障。结论:玻璃体切除术联合晶状体超声乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障,可以改善视功能。     

微创玻璃体手术时代:糖尿病视网膜病变手术的新认识

玻璃体切割手术(PPV)是糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)尤其是增生期DR的首选手术方式。针对DR的PPV比较全面的涉及到了PPV各个方面的操作,是视网膜外科医生成熟的标志之一。随着微创PPV及围手术期抗新生血管药物的广泛应用,其手术指征及手术时机、围手术期用药、手术中玻璃体的处理、是否联合白内障手术均发生了较大变化,需要有新的认识。临床应努力开展新条件下DR手术时机、围手术期药物应用等循证医学研究,为DR的手术治疗提供新的理论依据。     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化术后早期高眼压的观察治疗

目的观察增生型糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体视网膜手术联合白内障超声乳化术术后早期高眼压的临床特点和治疗效果。方法对39例(42只眼)增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者行玻璃体视网膜手术联合白内障超声乳化术对发生术后早期高眼压的16只眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析,着重分析高眼压发生的原因、临床特点及综合治疗效果。术后早期高眼压的诊断标准为术后10 d内任何时间非接触式眼压计眼压≥24mmHg或较术前眼压高10mmHg(1mmHg=0.133 kPa)。结果术后早期高眼压的发生率为38.1%。其发生与联合手术后炎症反应、小梁网的阻塞和滤过功能下降、眼内填充有关,常与前葡萄膜炎、角膜上皮缺损相伴危害术眼,可以通过术后密切监测、及时给予药物综合治疗控制。结论增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者行玻璃体视网膜手术联合超声乳化术后早期高眼压,发生率高,危害性大,及时有效的药物综合治疗非常重要。     

玻璃体联合手术治疗并发白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的：探讨伴有严重晶状体混浊的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体手术联合白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入的疗效及并发症。方法：需行玻璃体手术且伴有白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变38例(41只眼)，行超声乳化白内障吸除联合玻璃体切割、膜剥离、眼内激光、或长效气体填充、及人工晶状体植入。观察病人手术前后视力变化，裂隙灯下检查眼前段情况，眼底荧光造影检查病人视网膜情况及分析并发症。结果：平均随访9个月。术后36只眼视力提高，占87．8％。眼前节反应轻，并发症少。主要并发症有：高眼压1只眼，角膜水肿1只眼，虹膜红变1只眼。视网膜脱离1只眼。结论：玻璃体联合手术治疗并发白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变是一种方便、安全、有效的手术。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性病例系列研究。122例137眼复杂性视网膜脱离患者接受玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗。主要结果包括术后视力和并发症。结果:术后随访时间平均12.8mo。主要病因包括孔源性视网膜脱离,牵拉性视网膜脱离和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变。术后1,6和12mo与术前比较视力提高大于等于2行分别为37眼(27.0%)、55眼(40.1%)和61眼(44.5%)。结论:玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离是一种有效、安全的手术。     

Adjuvant treatment modalities to control macular edema in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery

Cataract surgical outcomes in diabetic patients has been subject to changes with the advances in the surgical techniques. Recent studies suggest that cataract surgery does not cause the progression of diabetic retinopathy and intravitreal bevacizumab and/or triamcinolone injections combined with cataract surgery may contribute in short term improvement of macular edema in diabetic patients. This article reviews the progression of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and the use of adjuvant intravitreal treatments combined with phacoemusification in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery.     

The management of diabetic eye disease in the setting of cataract surgery

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The increased incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is accompanied by an increased risk of co-morbid conditions, including the intersection of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. In an effort to improve the surgical outcomes for this population, it is necessary to understand the historical perspectives that have evolved into current treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS: While cataract surgery in patients with no or mild retinopathy may result in minimal complications, a substantial minority of patients with diabetes and advanced retinopathy, including macular edema and a history of previous laser treatment, may require additional considerations when planning cataract surgery. Untreated retinopathy, insufficiently treated retinopathy or treatment failures can be challenging. In these instances, a paradigm shift may be indicated, and the occasion of cataract surgery may provide an opportunity to simultaneously treat retinopathy. By utilizing combined vitrectomy/cataract surgical techniques and/or pharmacologic interventions, improved results for a broader diabetic population may be attainable. SUMMARY: Newer surgical and pharmacologic therapies may now allow for safe and effective surgery in individuals who were previously not candidates for surgery or who had a limited visual prognosis.     

Diabetic retinopathy before and after cataract surgery.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Increased retinopathy progression has been reported after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus. To assess the influence of cataract surgery on visual acuity and retinopathy progression, all diabetic patients who were subjected to cataract surgery during 1991-3 have been followed up at the Department of Ophthalmology in Helsingborg. The average follow up time was 2 years. METHODS: One eye of each of 70 patients was included in the study, 35 monocularly and 35 binocularly operated on. Sixteen of the 70 patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at baseline. The Wisconsin scale was used for the grading of retinopathy. The degree of glycaemic control was assessed by measurements of HbA1c. RESULTS: Most patients obtained improved visual acuity; a postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or better was achieved in 89% of diabetic surgical eyes. Progression of the retinopathy occurred in 30 out of the 70 eyes, and was associated with mean level of HbA1c (p = 0.04), duration of diabetes (p = 0.02), insulin treatment (p = 0.001), and presence of retinopathy at baseline (p = 0.01). Patients who progressed had a significantly higher incidence of macular oedema (p = 0.006) than those who did not progress. No significant differences were found when operated and non-operated eyes were compared in the 35 patients with monocular surgery. Two patients in this group, however, ended up with macular oedema and worse vision in the operated eye than in the eye which was not operated on. Both patients had background retinopathy before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in this study, also those with PDR, obtained good visual acuity, better than in most previous studies. Poor glycaemic control was a factor of importance for the progression of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery.     

糖尿病患者白内障与老年性白内障超声乳化术前后房水蛋白浓度变化的比较

目的　通过检测老年性白内障与糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化白内障吸除并人工晶体植入手术前后房水蛋白浓度的变化 ,评估该手术对眼血 -房水屏障的影响。方法　对 60例 (64眼 )老年性白内障患者及 5 2例 (5 6眼 )伴发糖尿病的白内障患者 (3 4眼非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变 ,2 2眼伴增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变 ) ,应用激光闪光细胞检测仪 (Laserflarecellmeter ,LFCM )定量检测超声乳化白内障吸除并人工晶体植入术前、术后前房蛋白浓度。结果　术前 ,伴增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的前房蛋白浓度高于老年性白内障和非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变白内障患者 ,且差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而老年性白内障和非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变白内障患者间的房水蛋白浓度无明显差别。各组术后 1天、 7天及 3 0天的房水蛋白浓度均较术前高 ,并有显著性差别 (P <0 0 5 )。术后 90天时 ,老年性白内障和非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变白内障患者的房水蛋白浓度与术前无显著性差别 ;但伴增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的仍高于术前水平 ,且差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　对于老年性白内障患者与非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变的白内障患者 ,超声乳化吸除并折叠式人工晶体植入手术后眼血 -房水屏障功能均可在短期内恢复 ,而对     

Cataract surgery on diabetic patients. A prospective evaluation of risk factors and complications

PURPOSE: This study presents an evaluation of cataract surgery on diabetic patients. One experienced surgeon carried out phaco emulsification on all subjects and the same surface-coated one-piece PMMA-lens-type was implanted. The lens fluorescence and the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) were then evaluated as experimental preoperative risk indicators. RESULTS: During follow-up, 10 out of 39 diabetic patients progressed unilaterally in diabetic retinopathy or developed macular oedema, a significant relative risk. Neither lens fluorescence, BAB, HbA1c, level of retinopathy, type/duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment or antihypertensive treatment differed significantly between the group of patients with postoperative progression of retinopathy/macular oedema and those without. Results indicated NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus/type 2 diabetes) patients might have increased risk of a postoperative macular oedema. CONCLUSION: When diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not in a proliferative phase it should not be regarded as a contraindication to modern cataract surgery. Neither lens fluorescence nor BAB is valuable as a risk indicator for postoperative progression of DR.     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的联合手术治疗

目的探讨玻璃体手术联合晶状体超声乳化治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）合并白内障的临床疗效。方法分析19例（20只限）增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并不同程度白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体手术同时进行人工晶状体囊袋内植入的临床资料，观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。结果随访2—16个月，所有术眼人工晶状体位置良好，手术后20只限中有16只限（80％）视力有不同程度的提高，其中视力提高二行以上13只限（65％）；视力较术前无改善4只限（20％）。术后视力恢复不佳的原因主要与不同程度的糖尿病黄斑病变、视网膜广泛缺血有关。术后并发症包括高眼压、虹膜后粘连、玻璃体腔再出血、视网膜再脱离、晶状体后囊混浊及新生血管性青光眼等。结论玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障是安全和有效的，可使大多数患者视力改善，且无明显并发症。     

联合手术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的临床观察

目的观察玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)合并白内障的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月～2009年1月,对我科收治的48例(54眼)PDR合并不同程度白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体手术,观察术后视力改善程度及并发症。结果 51眼(94.44%)视力有不同程度提高,视力下降3眼(5.56%)。联合手术本身引起的最常见并发症包括虹膜新生血管(2眼)和后发性白内障(7眼)。结论玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化术治疗PDR合并白内障安全、有效。     

Neovascular glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage following cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus

The potential complications of cataract surgery in the general population are well known. In addition, cataract extraction in the patient with diabetes mellitus is associated with other potential complications common to this disease: neovascular glaucoma and acceleration of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with or without vitreous hemorrhage. We analyzed the records of 154 patients with diabetes mellitus who had undergone standard intracapsular cataract extraction in one eye only with the other eye serving as the unoperated control eye. We were able to determine the status of the diabetic retinopathy before the operation and to note the development of vitreous hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma after the operation. If either event occurred within six weeks of the surgery, it was considered to be a complication of the cataract extraction. Intracapsular cataract extraction in this diabetic population, without regard of the preoperative status of the retinopathy, was associated with a statistically significant incidence of postoperative rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma (7.8% vs 0%). In patients with preoperative active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the risk of developing postoperative rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma was even higher (40% vs 0%). There was also a statistically significant incidence of vitreous hemorrhage after surgery in eyes with no diabetic retinopathy or background diabetic retinopathy (6.5% vs 0%). In patients with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, there was an increased incidence of vitreous hemorrhage after surgery (20% vs 6.5%), but this was not statistically significant due to the small number of patients studied. Possible explanations for these findings are explored and therapeutic and prophylactic measures recommended.     

A prospective, case controlled study of the natural history of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy after uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes

AIM: To determine if uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery is associated with an accelerated rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy postoperatively. METHODS: A prospective trial of 50 type 2 diabetics undergoing monocular phacoemulsification cataract surgery by a single consultant surgeon. The grade of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy in the operated and non-operated fellow eye was assessed preoperatively and for 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Overall, retinopathy progression was observed in 11 patients. In seven the retinopathy progressed in both eyes, in three it progressed in the operated eye alone, and in one it progressed in the fellow eye alone. Macular oedema was observed in 13 eyes postoperatively. Four had transient pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema and nine true diabetic maculopathy. Where maculopathy progressed it did so symmetrically in five patients, it progressed in the operated eye alone in four patients, and the fellow eye alone in two patients. There was no significant difference in the number of operated and fellow eyes whose retinopathy or maculopathy progressed postoperatively. In both the operated (OE) and non-operated (NoE) eyes retinopathy progression was associated with a higher mean HbA(1)C (OE p=0.003; NoE p=0.001) and insulin treatment (OE p=0.008, NoE p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery does not cause acceleration of diabetic retinopathy postoperatively and any progression that is observed probably represents the natural history of the disease. Although macular oedema is common after cataract surgery it may follow a benign course and in many patients the development of clinically significant macular oedema postoperatively probably represents natural disease progression rather than being a direct effect of surgery.