房颤心房肌L型钙通道α1c亚单位mRNA的差异表达改变及意义

目的 研究房颤心房肌L型钙通道结构重塑的分子基础。方法心脏手术中采集慢性房颤及宴性心律患者右心房肌，提取总RNA行逆转录，应用PCR技术检测L型钙通道α1c亚单位不同位置的mRNA片段表达。结果 α1c亚单位Ⅰ、Ⅱ跨膜区连接对应的mRNA丰度。慢性房颤心房肌较窦性心律心房肌差异无显著性；α1c亚单位Ⅳ跨膜区对应的mRNA丰度，慢性房颤心房肌较窭性心律心房肌明显降低。结论 房颤心房肌L型钙通道结构重塑与α1c亚单位的亚型表达改变有关。     

慢性房颤对风湿性心脏病心房肌细胞ELK-1、p-ELK-1表达的影响

目的 研究风湿性心脏病慢性房颤患者心房肌细胞ELK-1、p-ELK-1的表达,探讨房颤发生与ELK-1、p-ELK-1 表达之间的关系.方法 12例风心病换瓣患者分为2组:①慢性房颤组(6例)房颤持续时间均＞6个月,②窦性心律组(6例)为正常心律.手术中切取少许右心房游离壁组织采用免疫组化和间接免疫荧光技术检测心房肌ELK-1、p-ELK-1的表达与分布.结果 ①免疫组化显示ELK-1主要表达在心房肌细胞质和细胞核,慢性房颤心房肌较窦性心律心房肌表达明显减弱;②间接免疫荧光技术显示ELK-1在窦性心律心房肌细胞核表达相对较高,在房颤心房肌细胞核中表达明显受到抑制;p-ELK-1在房颤心房肌、窦性心律心房肌均表达受抑.结论 转录激活因子ELK-1的表达改变可能在慢性房颤心房肌的分子重构中起着重要的作用.     

慢性多重应激大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位表达变化研究

目的研究慢性多重应激大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位表达变化及L-型钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米的拮抗作用。方法建立大鼠慢性多重应激心律失常模型,以维拉帕米作为干预,试验结束后取心房组织,用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应（real-time PCR）方法测定L-型钙通道α1c亚单位mRNA的表达水平,以Western blot方法检测L-型钙通道α1c亚单位蛋白的表达水平。结果应激大鼠出现了房性心律失常,应激＋维拉帕米组房性心律失常出现时间和发生次数低于应激组（P〈0.01）;应激组和应激＋维拉帕米组大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;应激组大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位蛋白表达水平低于应激＋维拉帕米组（P〈0.01）。结论慢性多重应激导致大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位mRNA和蛋白表达水平下调。维拉帕米对慢性多重应激诱导的大鼠心房肌L-型钙通道α1c亚单位表达下调有拮抗作用,可抑制慢性多重应激诱导的房性心律紊乱。     

心脏瓣膜病房颤患者左右心房纤维化机制比较

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜病(瓣膜病)慢性房颤患者左右心房肌间质纤维化的分子生物学机制是否存在差异.方法 接受开胸换瓣的手术患者45例,慢性房颤患者27例,窦性心律患者18例,术中分别取左、右心耳组织.采用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(KT-PcR)测定Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原、基质金属蛋白酶-1、9(MMP1、MMP9))以及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TMP1)的mRNA表达水平.结果 ①与窦性心律组相比,慢性房颤组患者左、右心房肌组织中Ⅰ型胶原、MMP1、MMP9的mRNA表达水平均上调(P<0.05),TMP1的表达水平均下调(P<0.01).②窦性心律组患者左右心房肌组之间I型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原、MMP1、MMP9、TMP1的mRNA表达水平差异均无显著性(P>0.05).③慢性房颤组患者MMP1的mRNA在右心房肌组织中表达水平较左心房上调(P<0.05).MMP9的mRNA在左心房肌组织中表达水平较右心房上调(P<0.01).④无论左心房还是右心房.MMP1、MMP9的mRNA表达水平均与Ⅰ型胶原的mRNA表达水平呈正相关,与TMP1的mRNA表达水平呈负相关.结论 心房肌组织中MMP1/TMP1以及MMP9/TMP1的mRNA表达水平失衡引起Ⅰ型胶原转录水平的改变,可能是瓣膜病慢性房颤患者心房肌间质纤维化的分子基础,而左、右心房间质纤维化是被MMP1和MMP9差异化调控的.     

慢性心房颤动患者右心耳IL-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达的研究

目的　观察慢性心房颤动(房颤)患者右心耳白介素-1β(IL -1β)、白介素- 6(IL -6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF α)基因表达的改变。方法　将术中获取的48例风湿性瓣膜病患者的右心耳分为2组,其中窦性心律组27 例,慢性房颤组21 例,以GAPDH为内参照基因,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT- PCR)技术测定心房组织中IL -1β、IL- 6和TNF -α的mRNA含量,用病理学检查评价心房组织纤维化程度,用免疫组织化学检查评价IL- 1β和TNF- α的表达情况。结果　与窦性心律组相比,慢性房颤组IL- 1β、IL- 6和TNF -α的mRNA表达显著增加。慢性房颤患者心房组织有显著的纤维化,而且心房肌细胞IL- 1β和TNF -α的表达强度也显著大于窦性心律组。结论　慢性房颤患者心房组织IL- 1β、IL -6和TNF- α的mRNA表达显著增加,炎症反应可能是房颤发生和维持的因素之一。     

肺静脉源性心房纤颤动物模型中L型钙通道α1c蛋白表达的研究

目的研究肺静脉源性心房纤颤(简称房颤)动物模型中L型钙通道α1c蛋白表达. 方法通过建立兔肺静脉源性房颤的动物模型,并按房颤持续时间或起搏时间的不同分设亚组,应用免疫组化方法检测肺静脉源性房颤组、肺静脉起搏组以及正常对照组的兔肺静脉和心房组织L型钙通道α1c蛋白表达,用图像分析系统对组化抗原表达进行半定量分析. 结果α1c蛋白阳性表达在易发生房颤的动物肺静脉和心房组织中,随着房颤持续时间的延长,出现表达下降,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);而同样刺激条件下,不能诱发房颤的兔肺静脉和心房组织中未出到α1c蛋白表达的变化(P>0.05). 结论肺静脉和心房组织L型钙通道蛋白表达的改变可能参与了肺静脉源性房颤的发生和维持,该通道功能的改变可能是肺静脉源性房颤的发生机制之一.     

心脏瓣膜病房颤患者心房肌基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂表达的研究

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TMPs)与心脏瓣膜病(瓣膜病)慢性心房颤动(房颤)患者心房肌间质纤维化的关系.方法:开胸换瓣的手术病人45例,慢性房颤患者27例,窦性心律患者18例,术之中取左心耳组织,采用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原、TMP1、TMP2、TMP3、TMP4的mRNA表达水平.结果:与窦性心律组比较,慢性房颤组Ⅰ型胶原的mRNA表达水平上调(P<0.05),TMP1、TMP3的mRNA表达水平下调(P<0.05).TMP1的mRNA表达水平与Ⅰ型胶原的mRNA表达水平、左心房内径呈负相关(r=-0.309,P=0.039;r=-0.533,P=0.002);TMP3的mRNA表达水平与Ⅰ型胶原的mRNA表达水平、左心房内径肇负相关(r=-0.356,P=0.031;r=-0.535,P=0.002).结论:心房肌TMP1以及TMP3的基因转录表达水平下调引起Ⅰ型胶原转录水平的上调,可能是瓣膜病房颤患者心房肌间质纤维化的分子基础.     

缝隙连接蛋白在心房纤颤患者心房肌的表达及其信号转导途径

目的探讨缝隙连接蛋白在心房纤颤(房颤)心房肌的表达及其信号转导机制.方法 63例接受开胸手术患者(包括慢性房颤、阵发性房颤、窦性心律患者),手术时取心房组织,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应技术检测心房肌钙调磷酸酶调节亚单位(Calcineurin B)、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(MKP-1)mRNA表达量,采用Western印迹方法,检测细胞外调节激酶1(ERK1)、磷酸化细胞外调节激酶1(P-ERK1)、缝隙连接蛋白40(Cx40)、缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)蛋白表达量的改变.结果慢性房颤、阵发性房颤患者左心房与右心耳组织Cx40蛋白表达量(左心房2.2±0.8,2.2±0.6;右心耳2.1±0.5,2.0±0.8 ), 与窦性心律组相比,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).慢性房颤、阵发性房颤患者Cx43蛋白仅在左房组织表达高于窦性心律瓣膜病组(3.1±0.6,2.8±0.7 vs 1.0±0.2,P均<0.05).Calcineurin B mRNA、 MKP-1 mRNA、P- ERK1蛋白在慢性房颤、阵发性房颤患者各组的表达水平均明显高于窦性心律组(P<0.05).免疫组化显示慢性房颤、阵发性房颤患者Cx40、Cx43均分布紊乱,聚集于细胞的侧边、胞浆或核周.结论房颤患者心房肌Cx40、Cx43 蛋白基因表达增高且分布异常,可能与ERK1及一些磷酸酶的异常激活、调控失衡有关.     

慢性心房颤动患者右心耳CD11b、IL-6和TNF-α基因的表达

目的观察慢性心房颤动(房颤)患者右心耳中性粒细胞黏附因子11b(CD11b)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因表达的改变。方法采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术测定心房组织中CD11b、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA含量,用免疫组织化学检查评价IL-6和TNF-α的表达情况。结果与窦性心律组相比,慢性房颤组CD11b、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达显著增加。心房肌细胞IL-6和TNF-α的表达强度也显著大于窦性心律组。结论慢性房颤患者心房组织CD11b、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达显著增加,炎症反应可能是房颤发生和维持的因素之一。     

慢性心房颤动对人心房肌钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ表达的影响

目的探讨慢性心房颤动对人心房肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度、心房肌组织钙调蛋白(calmodulin,CaM)及钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)表达的影响。方法用激光共聚焦显微镜技术,对急性分离的慢性风湿性心脏病伴慢性房颤或窦性心律患者的心房肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度进行测定,同时用West-ern blot法检测心房肌组织CaM及CaMKⅡ表达的变化。结果慢性风湿性心脏病伴慢性房颤患者心房肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度显著高于窦性心律患者[(276.38±38.12)nmol/Lvs(122.28±45.63)nmol/L,(P<0.05)]。慢性风湿性心脏病伴慢性房颤患者心房肌CaM及CaMKⅡ的表达明显强于窦性心律患者。结论慢性房颤患者心房肌细胞内存在钙超载,Ca2 /CaMKⅡ通路可能是慢性房颤心房肌的信号转导途径之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.