胃食管反流病患者食管下段鳞状上皮细胞间隙的改变

目的观察胃食管反流病患者食管下段鳞状上皮细胞间隙的改变。方法11例胃食管反流病患者(非糜烂性反流病6例和糜烂性食管炎5例)及5名健康对照者行胃镜、24h食管pH值监测检查。于齿状线上方2cm处取活检,透射电镜下观察。结果健康对照组、非糜烂性反流病组和糜烂性食管炎组食管下段鳞状上皮平均细胞间隙分别为(0．374±0．073)μm、(1．308±0．079)μm和(1．332±0．144)μm,健康对照组和非糜烂性反流病组及糜烂性食管炎组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05),非糜烂性反流病组和糜烂性食管炎组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论非糜烂性反流病及糜烂性食管炎患者透射电镜下均存在食管上皮细胞间隙的增宽。     

幽门螺杆菌相关性慢性胃炎患儿的食管24小时的pH变化

目的 :探讨慢性胃炎患儿幽门螺杆菌 (HP)感染与病理性胃食管反流 (GER )的相关性。方法 :所有病例都作胃镜检查和粘膜组织学检查 ,诊断慢性胃炎HP阳性 2 6例 ,HP阴性 17例 ,采用便携式食管 pH自动记录仪 ,监测两组患儿的食管 2 4hpH值 ,对监测结果进行对比研究。结果 :HP阳性的慢性胃炎发生病理性GER 6/2 6例 (占 2 3 0 8% ) ,HP阴性的慢性胃炎发生病理性GER 6/17例 (占 3 5 2 9% ) ,两组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。HP阳性组pH <4反流次数和最长酸反流时间小于HP阴性组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。反流 >5min次数 ,pH <4总时间 ,pH <4时间百分比和食管清除率两组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :HP感染与病理性GER的发生无明显相关。     

胃食管反流性咳嗽的临床分析

目的　探讨胃食管反流 (GER)性咳嗽的临床特征、诊断和治疗。方法　对 4 1例X线胸片、组胺激发试验、鼻部检查正常的慢性咳嗽患者进行 2 4h食管 pH监测 ,并利用症状相关性概率(SAP)来分析咳嗽与反流的相关性。对Demeester总积分≥ 14 72 ,和 (或 )咳嗽与反流SAP≥ 75 %者进行为期 12周的抗反流治疗。结果　 4 1例患者中 ,有 2 6例诊断为GER性咳嗽 ,并给予抗反流治疗 ,完成疗程后 ,有 12例患者咳嗽完全消失 ,咳嗽与反流的SAP(上电极为 0 75± 0 2 1,下电极为0 91± 0 12 )显著高于另 14例对抗反流治疗反应较差或无效的患者 (上电极为 0 36± 0 31,下电极为 0 4 7± 0 30 ;P <0 0 5 )。结论　GER是不明原因慢性咳嗽的一个重要的独立原因。 2 4h食管 pH监测结合症状相关性分析有助于GER性咳嗽的诊断 ,抗反流治疗对其有较好的近期疗效。     

十二指肠胃食管反流在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的　研究十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)在胃食管反流病发病机制中的作用及其对非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)的诊断价值。方法　 95例患者根据内镜检查的结果分为反流性食管炎和NERD组 ,对其均进行 2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测。 结果　反流性食管炎患者DGER的各项指标 :吸光度值 >0 14时间百分比 (% )、总反流次数和反流 >5min的次数分别为 19 0 5± 2 3 4 4、30 5 6±34 0 4和 5 90± 6 37,均显著高于NERD组相应的 7 2 6± 11 0 8、15 6 8± 2 0 92和 2 5 9± 3 5 7(P <0 0 5 ) ,而酸反流差异无显著性 ,随着反流性食管炎的程度加重DGER发生率增高 ;18 2 %的NERD患者存在单纯DGER ,联合胆汁监测可使NERD诊断阳性率由 6 5 9%升高到 84 1%。结论　DGER可以单独发生 ,在引起反流性食管黏膜损伤或症状方面都有作用 ,2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测有助于NERD的诊断。     

胃酸在十二指肠液反流诱发食管腺癌中的作用

目的　探讨胃酸在十二指肠液反流诱发食管腺癌 (EAC)过程中的作用。方法　采用SD大鼠 ,通过手术产生三个实验组 :胃食管反流 (GER)组、十二指肠食管反流 (DER)组以及十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)组 ,并设无反流的假手术 (SO)对照组。术后 2 0周观察各组动物食管黏膜病变。结果　SO组未见明显病理学改变。各反流组均引发不同程度的食管炎。DER和DGER组基底细胞增生、鳞状上皮不典型增生和溃疡发生率显著高于GER组 (P <0 .0 1)。GER组没有出现Barrett’s食管 (BE)和食管腺癌 (EAC)。DER和DGER组BE发生率分别为 91.4 %和 84 .4 % ,EAC发生率分别为 2 5 .7%和5 3.1% ,均显著高于GER组 (P <0 .0 1)。DGER组EAC发生率显著高于DER组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胃、十二指肠液反流均造成食管黏膜损伤 ,后者更为严重 ;十二指肠液反流在BE、EAC发展中发挥着尤为关键性的作用 ;胃酸在十二指肠液反流诱发EAC过程中起促进作用 ,显著增加十二指肠液反流诱发EAC的危险性     

抗反流治疗改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的机制探讨

目的抗反流治疗能有效地缓解胃食管反流(GER)合并的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)。本研究旨在探讨抗反流治疗缓解OSA的机制。方法18例有反流症状和睡眠打鼾的患者接受了昼夜食管pH和压力监测并与多导睡眠图(PSG)同步监测；对同时有GER和OSA的7名患者予以西沙必利和奥美拉唑抗反流治疗1周后重复以上检查。结果(1)发生GER期间出现呼吸暂停/低通气是未发生GER期间出现呼吸暂停/低通气总次数的4.5倍(222.7±12.6比49.5±11.8)；(2)GER引起OSA前30秒内其平均最低远端食管体部基础压为-16.2±8.6mmHg，GER引起OSA后30秒内为-19.6±9.1mmHg，两者均明显低于远端食管平均基础压(-11.2±7.6mmHg，P＜0.005)；而食管平均基础压从抗反流治疗前的-11.2±7.6mmHg上升到抗反流治疗后的-6.2±3.6mmHg(P＜0.05)。(3)抗反流治疗后食管有效加部份有效蠕动收缩百分比明显增加，(从24.0±5.4％上升到58.6±6.2％，P＜0.05)。(4)抗反流治疗后，呼吸暂停/低通气指数从38.9±17.6次/h下降到11.2±12.3次/h(P＜0.002)。结论(1)抗反流治疗可能通过提高食管体部基础压，使胸内负压下降，有利于防止气道塌陷。(2)抗反流治疗通过改善食管体部有效蠕动收缩，加快了对反流物的清除。     

非糜烂性胃食管反流病食管酸暴露和雷贝拉唑对其诊断价值研究

目的 研究非糜烂性胃食管反流病（NERD）各亚型食管酸暴露特点,探讨雷贝拉唑对其诊断价值。方法 32例NERD患者分成3组,异常酸反流组14例,食管对酸高敏组11例,功能性烧心组7例,并以雷贝拉唑10mg,2次／d治疗2周。结果 （1）各组酸暴露：异常酸反流组酸反流总次数、长反流次数、pH〈4时间及其百分比较其他两组明显增加;食管对酸高敏组症状指数显著高于功能性烧心组[（81．0±22．5）％比（8．6±14．8）％,P〈0．01]。（2）症状比较：各组间治疗前典型症状积分和总积分相比差异均无统计学意义;食管对酸高敏组患者食管外症状积分显著高于异常酸反流组患者（4．0±3．8比0．9±2．2,P〈0．05）。（3）疗效：异常酸反流组、食管对酸高敏组患者在雷贝拉唑治疗1、2周后均有食管外症状积分、总积分的显著下降;而功能性烧心组患者仅有下降趋势,与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义;异常酸反流组与其他两组治疗后2周比较,症状积分差异有统计学意义。（4）雷贝拉唑对NERD患者1、2周治疗后总体有效率分别为56．3％、68．8％;雷贝拉唑诊断试验对异常酸反流和食管酸高敏的敏感性和特异性,在1周时分别为64．0％、71．4％,在2周时分别为80．0％、71．4％。结论 （1）异常酸反流组酸暴露主要表现在酸反流的总次数、长反流次数增多,pH〈4时间延长。（2）食管对酸高敏患者可能更易发生食管外症状。（3）雷贝拉唑诊断试验对NERD有较好的诊断和分型价值。     

支气管哮喘患者与胃食管返流的症状相关性

目的　探讨胃食管返流 (GER)与成人中、重度支气管哮喘的症状相关性 ,了解 2 4h食管pH监测对哮喘合并GER的诊断价值及抗返流治疗对合并GER的哮喘患者症状的影响。方法　对 2 6例常规治疗后仍有顽固性咳嗽等症状的成人哮喘患者进行 2 4h食管pH监测 ,严格记录监测期间患者出现的各种症状 ,每小时记录 1次呼气峰流速 (PEF)。筛选出适当病例分组抗返流治疗并观察疗效。结果　 2 6例中有 15例DeMeester总积分≥ 14 72 ,2例虽DeMeester总积分 <14 72 ,但咳嗽与返流的症状相关概率 (SAP)≥ 95 % ,共筛选出 17例。将 17例患者随机分为治疗组 (9例 )和对照组 (8例 )。经抗返流治疗后 ,治疗组咳嗽、胸闷和胸骨后烧灼感等症状均较对照组有明显改善 ,2 4hPEF波动率治疗前 [(3 8± 8) % ]、后 [(16± 3 ) % ]比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 (1)中、重度支气管哮喘患者具有较高的GER发生率 (5 8% )。 (2 ) 2 4h食管pH监测有助于了解哮喘患者的症状与GER的相关性。 (3 )对于有GER并与哮喘症状密切相关的患者 ,抗返流治疗可显著地改善其症状及PEF波动率     

肠易激综合征患者胃食管胆汁反流的临床意义

目的　探讨肠易激综合征患者胆汁反流的临床意义。方法　用便携式胆红素监测仪 (Bilitec 2 0 0 0 )对 2 4例确诊为肠易激综合征和 6例健康人进行 2 4h食管腔内胆红素监测。结果　肠易激综合征患者胆汁反流总时间 % (10 .11± 5 .82 )明显高于健康对照组 (4 .0 9± 2 .3 7) ;其中便秘型患者胆汁反流总时间 % (14 .0 9± 5 .3 9)显著高于腹泻型患者 (8.48± 5 .2 9)。结论　肠易激综合征患者中存在碱反流 ,便秘型患者更为突出     

质子泵抑制剂(奥美拉唑)试验在胃食管反流病中的诊断价值

目的　探讨质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑 (商品名 :洛赛克 )试验对胃食管反流病 (GERD)的诊断价值。方法　根据临床反流症状、食管 2 4hpH监测、胃镜检查结果 ,将 15 2例有反流症状的GERD(12 3例 )与非GERD病人 (2 9例 )随机、双盲分成奥美拉唑 2 0mg/d(A组 ,5 0例 )、40mg/d(B组 ,5 1例 )及对照组 (C组 ,5 1例 ,第一周用安慰剂 ,第二周改用奥美拉唑 40mg/d) ,服药时间为 1周和 2周 ,记录服药前后病人烧心、反酸、反食、胸骨后疼痛症状积分的改变 ,按症状积分下降值判定诊断 ,与食管 2 4hpH监测、胃镜检查结果进行对比分析。结果　A、B、C三组的GERD病人 ,服药 1周后反流症状积分下降分别为 :5 .0± 4.8、4.9± 4.6、2 .3± 4.0 ,下降率分别为 35 .5 %、34 .9%、15 .3%。以症状积分下降 2分为标准 ,奥美拉唑试验诊断GERD的价值最佳。不同服药剂量分析 ,2 0mg/d服 1周组 ,试验敏感性、特异性分别为 82 .5 %、40 .0 %,符合率 76 .7%;40mg/d组则分别为88.1%、44 .4%和 81.0 %。两者比较差异无显著性。对服药时间分析 ,则以服奥美拉唑 2 0mg/d 1周为佳。结论　奥美拉唑试验是GERD临床诊断的一种可靠方法。     

Evaluation of symptom index in identifying gastroesophageal reflux disease-related noncardiac chest pain

BACKGROUND: Symptom index (SI), which represents the percentage of perceived gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms that correlate with esophageal acid reflux events (pH <4), has been suggested as a measure to improve diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-related noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). Because no study has evaluated the value of the symptom index in NCCP patients, data to support this claim have yet to be elucidated. AIM: To evaluate the value of SI in identifying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related NCCP patients. METHODS: Patients enrolled in this study were referred by a cardiologist after a comprehensive work-up excluded a cardiac cause for their chest pain. All patients underwent upper endoscopy to determine esophageal inflammation and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring to assess esophageal acid exposure. Patients were instructed to record all chest pain episodes during the pH test. Patients with a positive SI (> or =50%) underwent the proton pump inhibitors (PPI) test, which is a therapeutic trial using a short course of high dose PPI. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients with NCCP were included in this study. Forty-seven (50%) had either a positive upper endoscopy or an abnormal pH test and were considered GERD-Positive. Forty-seven patients (50%) had both tests negative and were considered GERD-Negative. Total number of reflux episodes and percent total, supine and upright time pH less than 4, were significantly higher in the GERD-Positive group as compared with the GERD-Negative group (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0045, and P < 0.0001 respectively). Only 9 (19.1%) patients in the GERD-Positive group and 5 (10.6%) patients in the GERD-Negative group had a positive SI (p = ns). Eight (89%) out of the 9 patients who had a positive SI in the GERD-Positive group and 2 (40%) out of 5 patients in the GERD-Negative group responded to the PPI test. CONCLUSION: Positive SI is relatively uncommon in NCCP patients, regardless if GERD is present or absent. Hence, symptom index provides very little improvement in diagnosing GERD-related NCCP.     

胃食管反流病患者酸反流与食管运动功能障碍的关系

背景：异常酸反流和食管运动功能障碍与胃食管反流病（GERD）密切相关。目的：研究GERD患者的食管运动和酸反流与食管黏膜损害的关系，以及两者之间的相关性。方法：选取有反酸、烧心、胸痛等典型胃食管反流症状的患者72例行上消化道内镜检查、食管测压和24hpH监测。根据pH〈4总时间百分比〈4．5％且DeMeester计分〈14．7的标准。将食管炎患者分为生理性酸反流组（pH^-组）和病理性酸反流组（pH^＋组）。结果：内镜下食管炎组24hpH监测各项指标较无食管炎组显著增高（P〈0．05），病理性酸反流的发生率显著高于无食管炎组（P〈0．01）。两组食管测压各项指标无显著差异，食管炎组pH^＋者的食管下括约肌压力（LESP）较pH^-者显著降低，食管体部蠕动波传导速度减慢，湿咽成功率减少（P〈0．05）。结论：GERD患者食管炎的发生与酸反流密切相关，有病理性酸反流的GERD患者易见食管运动功能障碍。     

The effect of jejunal meal feeding on gastroesophageal reflux

BACKGROUND: Postprandial gastric distention is frequently associated with transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Since the role of nutrient perfusion into the jejunum in inducing GER is not well understood, we studied the effect of jejunal feeding on GER through a percutaneous gastrojejunal tube in patients with and without reflux esophagitis. METHODS: Nine stroke patients with reflux esophagitis were fed through a percutaneous gastrojejunal tube with either a liquid meal (2 kcal/2 ml/min) or saline for 2 h randomly on 2 separate days. An esophageal pH probe was placed 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction to detect acid reflux. Six stroke patients without esophagitis were enrolled as controls. RESULTS: In both the patients with esophagitis and the controls, esophageal acid exposure (15.3% (4.9%-28.2%) versus 2.7% (0.0%-10.8%), P=0.003; 5.9% (0.5%-6.7%) versus 0.0% (0.0%-1.5%), P = 0.01) and events of acid reflux (5 (1-16) versus 2 (0-8), P = 0.02; 12 (3-17) versus 1 (0-4), P = 0.02) were significantly greater during jejunal meal feeding than during saline infusion. Furthermore, in the reflux patients, but not in the controls, acid clearance time was also greater during jejunal meal feeding than during saline infusion (2.9 min (0.5-9.6 min) versus 0.7 min (0.0-4.3 min), P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We therefore conclude that jejunal nutrient infusion without gastric distention can induce GER in both patients with reflux esophagitis and controls. This implies that GER induced by jejununal nutrients may in part explain the incapability of jejunal tube feeding to prevent gastropulmonary aspiration in patients at risk.     

The Effect of Jejunal Meal Feeding on Gastroesophageal Reflux

Background: Postprandial gastric distention is frequently associated with transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Since the role of nutrient perfusion into the jejunum in inducing GER is not well understood, we studied the effect of jejunal feeding on GER through a percutaneous gastrojejunal tube in patients with and without reflux esophagitis. Methods: Nine stroke patients with reflux esophagitis were fed through a percutaneous gastrojejunal tube with either a liquid meal (2 kcal/2 ml/min) or saline for 2 h randomly on 2 separate days. An esophageal pH probe was placed 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction to detect acid reflux. Six stroke patients without esophagitis were enrolled as controls. Results: In both the patients with esophagitis and the controls, esophageal acid exposure (15.3% (4.9%-28.2%) versus 2.7% (0.0%-10.8%), P = 0.003; 5.9% (0.5%-6.7%) versus 0.0% (0.0%-1.5%), P = 0.01) and events of acid reflux (5 (1-16) versus 2 (0-8), P = 0.02; 12 (3-17) versus 1 (0-4), P = 0.02) were significantly greater during jejunal meal feeding than during saline infusion. Furthermore, in the reflux patients, but not in the controls, acid clearance time was also greater during jejunal meal feeding than during saline infusion (2.9 min (0.5-9.6 min) versus 0.7 min (0.0-4.3 min), P = 0.04). Conclusions: We therefore conclude that jejunal nutrient infusion without gastric distention can induce GER in both patients with reflux esophagitis and controls. This implies that GER induced by jejununal nutrients may in part explain the incapability of jejunal tube feeding to prevent gastropulmonary aspiration in patients at risk.     

Ambulatory Esophageal pH Recording in Gastroesophageal Reflux: Relevance to the Development of Esophagitis

In a group of 60 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER), we carried out upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring to assess the relationship between acid reflux and esophagitis. The results of 24-h pH measurement were compared with those of 15 asymptomatic control subjects who were studied with ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring only. Thirty-two patients (53.3%) had a normal esophagus macroscopically, and 28 patients (46.7%) had some degree of esophagitis. There was no significant difference between the two groups with and without esophagitis, regarding male:female ratio, age, and duration of symptoms. The group with esophagitis was more symptomatic (p less than 0.001) than the group without, and differed significantly in relation to all pH variables, i.e., number of GER episodes per hour, duration of mucosal exposure to acid (pH less than 4), and number of GER episodes requiring more than 5 min to clear per hour for the upright, supine, and 24-h periods, compared with the control group (p less than 0.001) and the group without esophagitis (p less than 0.001). In the group with esophagitis, comparison of the above pH variables in the upright and supine periods showed significantly higher values in the upright than in the supine period for the total number of reflux episodes per hour (p less than 0.001) and the number of episodes greater than 5 min/h (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the presence of esophagitis is related to both frequency and duration of GER episodes. Our findings also stress the importance of daytime acid exposure in the pathogenesis of esophagitis.     

Nonpropulsive Esophageal Contractions and Gastroesophageal Reflux

Nonpropulsive esophageal contractions radiologically described as tertiary contractions or "corkscrew" esophagus suggest the presence of an underlying motility disorder and may lead to impaired acid clearance. The goals of this study were to determine the prevalence and role of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with tertiary contractions. Thirty-five consecutive patients with spontaneous, repetitive, nonpropulsive esophageal contractions noted on esophagography were studied with endoscopy, infusion esophageal manometry, and 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring. All patients had esophageal symptoms, mainly dysphagia, heartburn, and chest pain, but only three were found to have esophagitis by endoscopy and biopsy. Nineteen patients had repetitive, nonlumen-obliterating, nonperistaltic (tertiary) contractions, six had corkscrew esophagus, and 10 had forceful, lumen-obliterating simultaneous contractions (rosary bead esophagus). Twenty patients (58%) had GER by pH criteria with mean values: % time pH less than 4, 40.9; %upright pH less than 4, 41; %supine pH less than 4, 44.3%; number of episodes with greater than 5 min of pH less than 4, 12. Esophageal motility revealed "nutcracker" esophagus in eight, low LESP in two, and nonspecific esophageal motility disorder in 10. Symptoms or severity of nonperistaltic contractions did not correlate with GER. Radiologically demonstrable free reflux or the presence of heartburn did not predict GER. We conclude that 1) GER occurs in up to 58% of patients with nonpropulsive (tertiary) esophageal contractions on esophagography, and may play a role in the induction of abnormal peristaltic activity of the esophageal body; 2) GER is usually not associated with endoscopic evidence of esophagitis or characteristic symptoms, and is recognized by 24-h pH monitoring. We speculate that detection and treatment of GER may improve the symptomatic management of patients with nonpropulsive esophageal contractions.     

食管混合性酸反流和低动力在非心源性胸痛发作的作用研究

目的胃食管反流病（GERD）是引起非心源性胸痛（NCCP）的最常见因素,本研究探讨酸反流和食管动力障碍在NCCP患者中的作用。 方法按照纳入、排除标准选取2018年9月至2019年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院急救中心以及微创,疝和腹壁外科住院收治的40例NCCP患者和50例典型GERD症状患者,两组患者均行食管24 h pH监测以及高分辨率食管测压监测。 结果NCCP组食管远端收缩平均积分（DCI）明显低于GERD组,并具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,提示食管运动功能受损。在NCCP组患者中,与胸痛有关的混合性酸反流明显高于GERD组（P＜0.05）。在NCCP组患者中,与NCCP相关的反流发作在食管5、9和15cm处的反流清除时间比GERD组患者期长（28.3±4.21)s vs(22.6±3.28)s;(13.7±1.32)s vs (18.3±1.47)s;(9.58±1.02)s vs(14.3±1.06)s（P＜0.05）。 结论酸反流性质,食管运动功能受损和延缓反流清除时间与NCCP患者症状发作可能存在密切的关系。     

Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of idiopathic hoarseness

Eleven patients presenting to an ear, nose, and throat specialist were diagnosed as having idiopathic hoarseness and prospectively evaluated for evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) to determine if an association existed. Testing for GER included voice analysis, EGD, esophageal manometry, Bernstein test, and ambulatory 24-hr pH monitoring. Six of the 11 (55%) hoarse patients studied had GER by pH monitoring (mean score 105 +/- 23), and most reflux episodes were supine and prolonged (20.9 +/- 8.2% supine pH less than 4.0, longest 129 min). All patients with abnormal pH monitoring had endoscopic esophagitis (Barrett's esophagus in two, peptic stricture in one, and erosive esophagitis in three), while none of the patients with normal scores had esophagitis. Symptoms of throat pain or nocturnal heartburn were more common in the GER-positive patients (6 of 6 vs 1 of 5), and clinically helpful in discriminating which hoarse patients had pathologic GER. Treatment with ranitidine 150 mg per os twice a day for 12 weeks improved esophagitis in all patients, but the voice improved in only one of the two patients with completely healed esophagitis. This study suggests that (1) GER is frequently seen in patients with idiopathic hoarseness (55%), (2) hoarse patients with throat pain or nocturnal heartburn are likely to have severe esophagitis and should be evaluated by EGD, and (3) additional antireflux and voice therapy may be necessary to heal esophagitis and improve the voice.     

十二指肠球部溃疡伴胃食管反流患者食管动力及胃内pH值监测

目的：探讨胃食管反流(GER)常见于十二指肠球部溃疡的原因。方法：选择近5年我院接受胃食管动力检查并行胃镜检查明确诊断为十二指肠球部溃疡的患者46例。食管pH监测胃食管酸反流阳性或胃镜检查存在反流性食管炎(RE)者为反流组，食管pH值监测胃食管酸反流阴性者为非反流组。比较两组食管下括约肌(IES)、食管体部及食管上括约肌(UES)等功能差别，同时对两组胃pH值监测进行比较。结果：十二指肠球部溃疡患者为GER／RE的高发人群，反流组与非反流组LES长度、功能压、食管体部清除功能、UES静息压比较差异无显著性。反流组每日不同时限胃酸分泌高于非反流组。结论：十二指肠球部溃疡易合并GER／RE与胃酸增高有关，与食管动力变化关系不大。     

Characteristics and frequency of transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with reflux esophagitis

Electromyogram of the submental muscles, esophageal manometry, and pH studies were simultaneously performed in an unselected group of 12 patients with subjective and objective evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease to determine the frequency of transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and mechanisms of GER. Findings from these patients were compared with data from 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers. Recordings were obtained for 1 h in the fasting state and 3 h after a standard 850-kcal meal. Transient relaxation of the LES was the only mechanism of acid reflux in normal subjects and accounted for 73.0% of the episodes of acid reflux in patients with GER disease. In both normal subjects and patients with GER, a large number of transient relaxations were associated at their onset with an attenuated submental EMG complex, a small pharyngeal contraction, and an esophageal contraction. The incidences of these associated events were similar in the two study populations. The frequency of transient relaxation of the LES in patients with GER was identical to that of controls. The frequency did not differ even in 9 patients with GER disease who had endoscopic esophagitis. Thirty-six percent of transient relaxations in the normal subjects were accompanied by pH evidence of reflux, but in the GER patients with endoscopic esophagitis 65% of the transient LES relaxations resulted in a reflux event. Acid reflux at the moment of deep inspiration was the second most common mechanism of GER in our patients. Four patients who demonstrated this mechanism had hiatal hernias and more severe esophagitis than the rest of the group. Our findings confirm that transient relaxation of the LES is the major mechanism of GER in patients with reflux esophagitis. However, the similar frequency of this relaxation in GER patients and in healthy asymptomatic subjects suggests that factors other than transient LES relaxation play an important role in the pathogenesis of GER disease.