烧伤瘢痕癌治疗分析

目的探讨烧伤瘢痕癌的临床特点与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析8例烧伤瘢痕癌患者的临床资料。结果8例烧伤瘢痕癌均为鳞状细胞癌,其中6例为Ⅰ级,2例为Ⅱ级。其中溃疡型6例,菜花型2例。手术植皮或皮瓣均成活。8例患者分别于术后4个月至5年获得随访,2例烧伤瘢痕癌患者术后8个月复发,行二次手术植皮,其余6例局部无复发,功能外形好。结论病理检查结果是确定诊断与治疗方案的重要依据,手术仍是烧伤瘢痕癌的首选治疗方法。     

脐尿管癌8例的诊断与治疗

目的探讨脐尿管癌的临床特征,提高诊治水平。方法分析8例脐尿管癌的临床资料。本组患者8例,男性7例,女性1例。6例术前诊断为脐尿管癌,2例诊断为膀胱肿瘤,8例患者均行手术治疗。其中2例行常规的膀胱部分切除术,另外6例行扩大的膀胱部分切除术治疗。结果 1例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后3个月复发,6个月后死亡;5例腺癌患者4例于术后2~5年死亡,1例存活至今;2例葡萄状肉瘤死亡。结论血尿是脐尿管癌的常见特征,扩大性膀胱切除术是标准手术方式,由于脐尿管癌预后效果差,早诊断早治疗对脐尿管癌长期存活有重要意义。     

26例保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌的临床分析

目的 探讨保留肾单位手术(NSS)治疗肾细胞癌的临床疗效及术后肿瘤复发的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析26例因肾细胞癌行NSS患者的临床资料,并对术后肿瘤复发的可能影响因素进行分析.结果 26例患者手术均成功.术后随访(31±12)个月,2例出现肿瘤复发,肿瘤直径分别为6、8 cm,其中1例为双侧肾细胞癌患者.结论 NSS治疗肾细胞癌安全有效,肿瘤的大小、多灶性病变与术后肿瘤复发有密切的联系.行NSS患者需细致、长时间随访.     

启事

目的：探讨腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症的临床诊断及治疗。方法：回顾分析我院自1998年-2004年收治的18例腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症患者的临床诊断及治疗过程。结果：此18例患者中，既往有痛经病史者12例，16例曾行剖宫产术，2例行子宫肌瘤核出术。此18例患者均主诉腹壁瘢痕处包块随月经周期性胀痛、增大，其中8例腹壁包块逐渐增大。此18例均行手术切除，术后病理回报证实为子宫内膜异位症，随访6—12个月，无复发。结论：根据典型的病史，查体（体征）可明确诊断；手术切除为主要治疗方法。     

原发性阑尾肿瘤18例诊治分析

目的 探讨原发性阑尾肿瘤的临床特征、诊断及治疗要点.方法 回顾性分析18例原发性阑尾肿瘤的临床资料.结果 18例患者中良性肿瘤8例,均为黏液囊肿;恶性肿瘤10例,其中类癌7例,腺癌2例,黏液囊腺癌1例.18例患者首次均行阑尾切除术,其中4例(1例类癌,2例腺癌,1例黏液囊腺癌)术后2～3个月再次行二期右半结肠切除术,1例类癌患者术后4个月再次行二期回盲部切除术,其他13例均未行二期手术治疗.15例患者得到随访,其中13例患者随访6个月至23年未发现有阑尾肿瘤复发和转移者;1例黏液囊腺癌患者术后6个月死于全身转移,1例腺癌患者术后9个月死于全身转移.结论 原发性阑尾肿瘤缺乏特异性临床症状和体征,术前诊断困难,对术中可疑者应行快速冰冻切片明确诊断.手术为主要的治疗方法,而术式选择是影响预后的关键因素.     

面部深度烧伤创面瘢痕的防治

目的　通过对 10 2例面部深度烧伤治疗方法的临床总结 ,找出修复面部烧伤创面的最佳方法。方法　①小面积烧伤合并面部烧伤 ,深Ⅱ度及Ⅲ度烧伤行早期削痂 ,创面新鲜时一期大块植皮 ,若削痂不彻底 ,早期行异体皮或生物皮覆盖 ,二期大块植皮。②大面积烧伤合并面部烧伤 ,早期行四肢切削痂植皮 ,待病情平稳后 ,约 2～ 3周后 ,面部创面溶痂或剥痂后行大块植皮。③大块植皮时均予脸缘粘连。④创面愈合予康瑞保、瘢痕敌加弹力网套加压 ,局部小瘢痕皮内注射激素或 (及 )手术切除。⑤半年～ 1年后行脸缘粘连分离。结果　 10 2例患者均获满意疗效。结论　大块植皮及术后抗瘢痕治疗为防治面部瘢痕挛缩畸形的关键。     

腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症的临床分析

目的:探讨腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症的临床诊断及治疗。方法:回顾分析我院自1998年～2004年收治的18例腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症患者的临床诊断及治疗过程。结果:此18例患者中,既往有痛经病史者12例,16例曾行剖宫产术,2例行子宫肌瘤核出术。此18例患者均主诉腹壁瘢痕处包块随月经周期性胀痛、增大,其中8例腹壁包块逐渐增大。此18例均行手术切除,术后病理回报证实为子宫内膜异位症,随访6～12个月,无复发。结论:根据典型的病史,查体(体征)可明确诊断;手术切除为主要治疗方法。     

瘢痕癌的临床特点与治疗

轻度烧伤后瘢痕发生癌变者较少见,瘢痕癌常发生于深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧烫伤或外伤后延期愈合、迁延不愈的组织。我科自1995年10月—2004年10月的10年间共收治瘢痕癌患者6例,均行局部病变广泛切除,以带蒂皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复治疗,效果佳,全部随访半年～6年,无一复发。1临床资料本组患者共6例,其中男4例,女2例,年龄为29～70岁。病变部位:臀部1例,胸部1例,下肢4例;从烧伤后到确诊为癌变时间为1～3.5年;病程2～21年;创面最大面积为12×18cm,最小面积为4×6cm。瘢痕癌类型为溃疡型,其中鳞状细胞癌5例;基底细胞癌1例,均为病理检查确诊。典型病例:某男,32岁,…     

11例皮肤瘢痕癌的诊疗体会

目的总结11例皮肤瘢痕癌的诊疗经验。方法11例患者均行局部病灶组织活检确诊，然后予行扩大切除术联合皮瓣和（或）厚皮片移植修复，合并区域淋巴结肿大者加行区域淋巴结清扫术；因局部癌肿固定而怀疑癌细胞残存者，术后加行局部放射治疗。所有患者均行术后随访观察。结果本组病例至少表现4种临床类型，即溃疡型、菜花型、膨隆型和混合型。经术后0．5～17年随访观察，全部患者中有2例出现病变复发，其中1例经再度扩大切除术加皮瓣转移术治疗，术后随访0．5年无复发，另l例死于其他全身性合并疾病；其余10例均健在，功能和外观恢复满意。结论手术扩大切除加皮瓣和（或）皮片移植是瘢痕癌的首选有效治疗方法。本病重在预防，不稳定型瘢痕的治疗并防止瘢痕溃疡的发生，是预防瘢痕癌变的重要措施。     

~(131)I和手术治疗乳头状甲状腺癌的临床价值探讨

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者采取手术治疗联合131I核素治疗的临床价值。方法选取2008年1月~2011年6月在辽宁省肿瘤医院诊治的甲状腺乳头状癌患者55例进行回顾性分析,55例患者均采取甲状腺全切手术治疗,术后均接受甲状腺激素和131I核素治疗,观察患者的治疗效果。结果 50例患者为首次接受手术治疗,5例为第二次手术治疗,手术并发症主要为喉返神经损伤9例、永久性声音嘶哑2例、低钙血症抽搐3例,有14例患者同时接受改良颈部淋巴结清扫术。术后3个月、6个月,患者的血清肿瘤抑制基因(P53)、细胞凋亡信号受体(Fas)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平显著高于术后即刻(P0.05),细胞周期素E(Cyclin E)蛋白水平显著低于术后即刻(P0.05);术后3个月与术后6个月,患者的血清P53、Fas、TNF-α、Cyclin E蛋白含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);5年随访,失访5例,5年复发率4.00%(2/50)、远处转移率2.00%(1/50),其中1例患者于术后41个月时复查出现复发,1例于56个月时出现转移。结论甲状腺乳头状癌患者采取手术联合131I核素治疗具有较好的临床效果,同时能降低Cyclin E蛋白水平和提高血清P53、Fas、TNF-α水平。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.