体外共培养诱导脂肪干细胞向软骨表型细胞分化及鉴定的实验研究

目的:探讨脂肪干细胞经共培养诱导为软骨表型细胞的可行性,为软骨组织工程种子来源提供的新途径。方法:分离培养日本大耳白兔的脂肪干细胞及肋软骨细胞,将脂肪干细胞与软骨细胞分层共培养及脂肪干细胞单独培养于6孔板中2周。通过safranin-O染色、甲苯胺蓝染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫化学染色对诱导后细胞表型进行鉴定,RT-PCR检测诱导后Ⅱ型胶原基因表达情况。结果:共培养诱导2周后的脂肪干细safranin-O染色和甲苯胺蓝染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫化学染色呈阳性,Ⅱ型胶原基因表达接近于正常软骨细胞。结论:脂肪干细胞经与软骨细胞共培养后,可以诱导为软骨表型细胞。     

正常及退变髓核细胞诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向髓核方向分化效果比较

目的:分离培养SD大鼠退变髓核细胞(degenerative nucleus pulposus cells,dNPCs)?正常髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cells,NPCs)及骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),通过Transwell非直接接触体外共培养方法比较dNPCs和NPCs对BMSCs诱导作用?方法:针刺抽吸法制备SD大鼠退变椎间盘动物模型,取正常及已退变的生长良好的第2代NPCs及生长良好的第3代骨BMSCs,将dNPCs 或NPCs等比例与BMSCs分别复合藻酸盐接种于Transwell共培养系统中进行体外非接触共培养(上室接种BMSCs,下室接种dNPCs或NPCs作为dNPCs共培养组和NPCs共培养组)7 d后回收上室BMSCs?单独NPCs和单独BMSCs培养组分别作为阳性和阴性对照?对各组Ⅱ型胶原(collagenⅡ)和多功能蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)行RT-PCR和Western blot检测?结果:collagen Ⅱ和aggrecan的mRNA表达在两共培养组均有较高表达,但NPCs共培养组较dNPCs共培养组更加接近单纯NPCs组,而单纯BMSCs组未见明显表达;collagenⅡ和aggrecan的蛋白表达量在两共培养组中均较高,但NPCs共培养组较dNPCs共培养组更加接近单纯NPCs组,而单纯BMSCs组未见明显表达?结论:在Transwell非直接接触共培养条件下dNPCs和NPCs均能诱导BMSCs向髓核方向分化,并且NPCs对BMSCs向髓核方向分化的诱导作用更加明显?     

In vitro chondrogenesis of the goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells directed by chondrocytes in monolayer and 3-dimetional indirect co-culture system

Background  Cartilage injury has a very poor capacity for intrinsic regeneration. The cell-based treatment strategy for the cartilage repair using differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is, however, a promising approach to the chondral repair. This study was aimed to explore the chondrogenic potential of the goat BMSCs in the Transwell co-culture system and the poly-laetide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffolds.

Methods  The BMSCs were isolated from the goat iliac crest while the chondrocytes were obtained from the goat’s last costal cartilage. In the Transwell co-culture system, the BMSCs co-cultured with chondrocytes were designed as group A, whereas the goat’s BMSCs induced with the chondrogenic medium were group B. Both groups A and B were the experimental groups, while group C that only contained BMSCs was the control group. In the PLGA scaffolds co-culture system, BMSCs were seeded into the PLGA scaffolds, which were suspended in the 24-well plate, and the control group was established by presence or absence of chondrocytes at the bottom of the 24-well plate. Toluidine blue staining, Alcian blue staining, collagen II immunofluoresence, collagen II immunochemical staining, collagen I, collagen II, COL2a Q-PCR and osteopontin Q-PCR were used to examine the chondrogenic conditions as well as the expressions of chondrogenic and osteogenic genes.

Results  Cells isolated from the aspirates of the goat bone marrow proliferated rapidly and gained characteristics of stem cells in Passage 4. However, the differentiations of chondrocytes were not apparent in Passage 3. The results from Toluidine blue staining, collagen II immunofluoresence and PCR showed the transformation of BMSCs to chondrocytes in the Transwell co-culture system and PLGA scaffolds. Although the cartilage gene expressions were upgraded in both chondrogenesis group and co-culture system, the osteopontin gene expression, which represents osteogenic level, was also up-regulated.

Conclusions  The Transwell co-culture system and the PLGA scaffolds co-culture system can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of the goat’s BMSCs, while up-regulated osteopontin gene expression in the Transwell co-culture system implies the osteogenic potential of BMSCs.

     

山羊骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养及向软骨细胞诱导分化

目的 探讨体外分离、培养山羊骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),并将其诱导分化为软骨细胞表型,明确其向软骨细胞分化的能力.方法 抽取10月龄健康中国青山羊骨髓,贴壁法培养BMSCs,体外培养至第4代时进行流式细胞术鉴定,并加入成软骨诱导培养基,其成分包括10% FBS高糖DMEM培养基、6.25 μg/ml 胰岛素、6.25 μg/ml 转铁蛋白、50 μmol/ml抗坏血酸、100 nmol/L地塞米松及10 ng/ml TGF-β1.分别于0、1、2、4周行细胞化学染色、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白印迹试验(Western blot)检测II型胶原和Aggrecan的表达.结果 山羊BMSCs生长良好,传至第4代时细胞纯度较高.加入诱导培养基后,山羊BMSCs在1、2、4周均可看到软骨细胞表型的表达,并且随着时间的延长,其II型胶原及Aggrecan基因和蛋白的表达量逐渐增加,2周时即可达到较好的诱导效果.结论 本实验采取一种简易的方法 分离、培养并向软骨细胞方向诱导分化山羊BMSCs,证实其具有分化为软骨细胞的潜能,为山羊用于骨软骨组织工程的体内研究提供了实验基础.     

透明质酸凝胶中肌源性干细胞与透明软骨联合培养的实验研究

 摘　要：目的 探讨肌源性干细胞与软骨细胞混和培养体外成软骨的可行性。方法 分离培养、扩增传代兔MDSCs及关节软骨细胞,二者按一定比例混和,6×1010/L密度接种于5%浓度的透明质酸凝胶为共培养组,以相同密度的单纯MDSCs和单纯软骨细胞作为阴性与阳性对照。倒置相差显微镜下观察,10d后行甲苯胺蓝染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫细胞化学检测,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和aggrecan的mRNA表达。结果 5d后镜下见共培养组MDSCs形态由梭形向多边多角形转化,10d后细胞甲苯胺蓝染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学检测与阳性对照组相同,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和aggrecan mRNA呈阳性表达。阴性对照组在体外培养过程中未分化为软骨细胞. 结论:软骨微环境在MDSCs成软骨分化过程中具有重要作用,软骨细胞能有效地诱导MDSCs向软骨样细胞分化,透明质酸凝胶可以作为软骨组织工程的良好载体。     

软骨细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞隔离共培养构建组织工程化软骨

目的探讨隔离共培养条件下,软骨细胞诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）向软骨细胞分化并形成软骨组织的能力。方法分别提取并培养兔BMSCs和耳软骨细胞,以5．0×10^7／ml的终浓度接种于聚羟基乙酸／聚乳酸（PGA／PLA）支架上并置于Transwell室内。实验组Transwell下方为贴壁软骨细胞,对照组Transwell下方为DMEM培养液（含10％胎牛血清）。两组BMSCs-支架复合物体外培养8周后植入裸鼠皮下,继续培养6周后取材。通过大体观察、逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测、组织学及免疫组织化学等相关检测对新生组织进行评价。结果体外培养期间,实验组和对照组BMSCs在支架上黏附良好并能分泌细胞外基质,RT-PCR检测示实验组Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖有较强的表达,而对照组两者的表达较低或检测不到。裸鼠皮下培养6周,实验组BMSCs-支架复合物能基本保持原形,组织学染色及免疫组织染色显示新生组织有明显的软骨陷窝形成并表达软骨特异性细胞外基质。对照组BMSCs-支架复合物逐渐皱缩变形,未见形成软骨样组织。结论采用Transwell隔离共培养的方法,软骨细胞能够诱导BMSCs向软骨细胞分化。     

新型快速成形的三维多孔支架材料构建组织工程软骨

目的:探讨以骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)为种子细胞,以快速成形的生物相容性材料为支架构建组织工程软骨的可行性.方法:成年兔BMSC在成软骨培养液中诱导培养,使之具有软骨细胞表型后,接种于快速成形的生物相容性三维支架材料聚乳酸/聚羟乙酸共聚物(poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA),经体外培养扩增2 wk后植入自体肌袋,术后8 wk取材,进行组织学、甲苯胺蓝染色及II型胶原免疫组织化学观察.结果:成年兔BMSC在体外可诱导为软骨细胞,接种于三维支架材料培养后,扫描电境观察见细胞在支架上可大量扩增;接种细胞的支架植入自体肌袋8 wk,可形成软骨样组织,甲苯胺蓝染色及II型胶原免疫组化染色阳性.结论:具有软骨细胞表型的BMSC接种于快速成形的三维支架材料在体内非关节环境可形成软骨样组织.     

BMP-2诱导肌源性干细胞转化为软骨样细胞的体外实验研究

目的 体外定向诱导大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向软骨细胞转化,并对诱导细胞进行鉴定.方法 用差速贴壁的方法对SD大鼠MDSCs进行分离和培养.用骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)将MDSCs进行诱导分化,9 d后取出标本,行甲苯胺蓝染色检测软骨基质的分泌,免疫组织化学检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达.RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和聚集蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)的mRNA表达.结果 5 d后镜下见细胞形态由梭形向多边多角形转化.9 d后诱导组甲苯胺蓝染色阳性,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测阳性,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和aggrecan mRNA呈阳性表达.结论 BMP-2可诱导MDSC向软骨细胞转化.     

兔骨髓基质干细胞体外定向分化为软骨细胞

目的体外诱导兔骨髓基质干细胞（BMSC）向软骨细胞定向分化，并对分化后的细胞进行鉴定。方法选用16周新西兰大白兔，于胫骨或股骨抽取骨髓，经梯度离心、培养、扩增，取第3代BMSC按一定比例种植于6孔板中，并加入含有转化生长因子β1、地塞米松和维生素C的培养液、于不同时间点取材固定，甲苯胺蓝染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化鉴别、结果诱导的软骨样细胞甲苯氨蓝异染性；II型胶原免疫组化阳性。结论在本实验条件下，获取的兔BMSC生长稳定、增殖快，并成功地诱导其向软骨细胞表型转化。     

甲状腺素在骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨诱导过程中的作用

目的探讨甲状腺素在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)软骨形成的作用。方法在两种条件培养基中培养和诱导猪BMSCs,对照组用成软骨培养基(含10-7 mol/L地塞米松和10 ng/mL TGFβ1),甲状腺素(T3)用成软骨培养基加100 nmol/L T3。MTT法检测BMSCs单层增殖情况。4周后取两组BMSCs Pellets,进行组织学染色和半定量基因表达分析。结果T3组BMSCs增殖明显高于对照组(P˂0.05)。T3组BMSCs Pellets形成典型软骨陷窝样结构,甲苯胺蓝染色阳性,并且优于对照组(P˂0.05)。与对照组相比,T3组第4周软骨生成标志基因Ⅱ型胶原(Col-Ⅱ)、聚集蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)和性别决定基因9(SOX9)的表达显著升高(P˂0.05),肥大标志基因Ⅹ型胶原(Col-Ⅹ),基质金属蛋白酶13(MMP13)基因的表达显著升高(P˂0.05),成骨基因Ⅰ型胶原(Col-Ⅰ),Runt相关转录因子2(RUNX2)表达在两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甲状腺素可促进间充质干细胞的增殖和软骨形成,同时诱导间充质干细胞分化的软骨细胞肥大,这些结果为研究软骨组织工程的诱导方案提供了有益的线索。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.