椎管内麻醉后寒战反应的临床相关影响因素探析

目的:了解临床可能导致椎管内麻醉后出现寒战反应的相关因素。方法:本文选取2015年-2016年期间本院收治用椎管内麻醉后外科手术患者400例相关基线资料为此研究数据来源,据患者术后是否发生寒战将其分为对照组(无寒战反应患者)及观察组(有寒战反应患者),各有200例。回顾性分析其资料内容后归纳两组差异并探析诱发椎管内麻醉后寒战反应发生的相关因素。结果:经数据对比,提示两组患者以下指标在统计学软件处理后提示有明显差异,P0.05,包括:年龄、性别、麻醉选择方式、中心体温、麻醉平面、术中出血量以及手术所用时间。结论:年轻的男性患者,中心体温偏低且麻醉方式为蛛网膜下腔阻滞,麻醉平面在胸8≥T_8,手术所需时间较长且术中有明显出血患者,在接受椎管内麻醉进行外科手术后,发生寒战反应的概率较高,对具备上述影响因素的患者用椎管内麻醉时应做好防范措施以保障患者术后的舒适质量,促进术后康复。     

椎管内麻醉后寒战反应的临床相关影响因素探析

目的:探讨分析椎管内麻醉后寒战反应的临床相关影响因素。方法:将我院在2014年1月至2015年1月收治的200例椎管内麻醉患者,按照是否出现寒战分类,分为寒战组(n=98)和非寒战组(n=102)。对两组患者基础情况、麻醉方式、术中出血量和手术时间进行比较。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、麻醉方式、手术时间以及手术出血量比较,结果差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:体温下降的年轻的男性患者,以及手术时间长出血多的患者是椎管内麻醉后寒战反应的主要因素。     

硬膜外麻醉与腰-硬联合麻醉用于老年患者下肢手术的比较

目的 观察腰硬联合麻醉用于老年患者下肢手术的效果及安全性,并与单纯连续硬膜外麻醉进行比较.方法 100例行下肢手术的老年患者ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,随机分为单纯硬膜外阻滞组(EA组,n=50),腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞组(CSEA组,n=50).分别测定椎管内注药前,椎管内注药后5min、10min、30min、60min、90min以及术毕共7个时点的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR、SPO2,麻醉后测定麻醉的起效时间及阻滞完全时间,并统计术中及术后发生恶心、呕吐的例数,术后头痛的例数,及局麻药的总用药量.结果 两组患者注药后血压、心率变化无明显差异.CSEA组患者麻醉起效时间及阻滞完全时间明显快于EA组(P＜0.Ol或P＜0.05).罗哌卡因及利多卡因用量CSEA组明显少于EA组(P＜0.01).术中恶心、呕吐者CSEA组6例,EA组2例;两组术后均无头痛发生.结论 CSEA较单纯硬膜外麻醉提供了更好的感觉和运动神经阻滞,血流动力学平稳,患者的舒适程度明显提高,是老年患者下肢手术的较好的麻醉方法.     

右旋美托咪啶复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉在妇科手术患者中的应用

目的:观察罗哌卡因复合右旋美托咪啶(Dexmedetomidine,DMED)硬膜外麻醉对于阴式全子宫切除患者手术的麻醉效果及应用价值研究。方法:纳入研究60例择期手术患者(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级),随机分为罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉组(L组,n=30)和右旋美托咪啶复合罗哌卡因硬膜外组(D组,n=30)。对照组(L组)试验量后硬膜外隙注入0.596%罗哌卡因总量14 ml加生理盐水1 ml,D组硬膜外隙注入0.596%罗哌卡因14 ml加右旋美托咪啶0.5μg/kg(1 ml)。记录患者年龄、身高、体重、ASA分级、手术时间、失血量和输液量等一般情况;连续监测Bp,HR,Sp O2和RR,记录感觉阻滞和运动阻滞开始时间、麻醉维持时间、达到最高阻滞平面的时间和术后镇痛维持时间等情况,从镇痛,肌肉松弛和牵拉反应方面评估麻醉效果,观察围术期心动过缓,低血压、恶心、呕吐和寒战等不良反应的发生。结果:D组的感觉阻滞起效时间,达到最高阻滞平面时间均明显短于L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),D组麻醉维持时间和镇痛时间长于L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而不良反应的发生情况和患者一般情况两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因复合右旋美托咪啶硬膜外麻醉可延长感觉阻滞维持时间和镇痛时间,麻醉效果更完善,且安全。     

布比卡因复合盐酸氢吗啡酮鞘内注射在剖宫产术麻醉中的应用

目的观察布比卡因复合盐酸氢吗啡酮鞘内注射在剖宫产术麻醉中的应用效果。方法将90例择期行剖宫产术产妇随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组给予布比卡因腰硬联合麻醉,观察组给予布比卡因复合盐酸氢吗啡酮腰硬联合麻醉。比较两组麻醉初始平面及手术切皮时麻醉平面,记录两组需调整阻滞平面例数及需硬膜外追加麻醉药物的例数,观察两组低血压、呼吸困难、恶心呕吐、寒战等不良反应发生情况。结果观察组麻醉初始平面、手术切皮时麻醉平面均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组需调整阻滞平面例数及需硬膜外追加麻醉药物的例数较对照组均明显减少(P0.05),且寒战发生率更低(P0.05)。结论布比卡因复合盐酸氢吗啡酮鞘内注射应用于剖宫产术麻醉中,可明显缩短腰硬膜外麻醉阻滞起效时间,改善麻醉平面,且安全性较高。     

比较曲马多与度冷丁在剖宫产手术中抗寒战的效果

目的 比较曲马多与度冷丁在剖宫产手术中抗寒战的效果.方法 选择行剖宫产手术的患者在硬膜外麻醉后发生术中寒战病人120例,随机分为3组:A组(曲马多组,n=40);B组(度冷丁组,n=40);C组(对照组,n=40),3组术前均未用药,术中麻醉平面未超出胸8～骶2.比较用药后各产妇寒战的改善程度及不良反应.结果 A组:40例均改善;B组32例改善,与A组相比有统计学意义(p<0.05);C组有4例改善,与A组B组相比有显著差异(p<0.01).新生儿Apgar评分B组明显低于A组C组.B组总体不良反应发生率高于A组C组.结论 曲马多与度冷丁在剖宫产手术中均有明显的抗寒战作用,但曲马多更优于度冷丁,更适用于剖宫产术中寒战的治疗.     

膝部阻滞麻醉在足踝部手术的临床应用

目的：探讨膝部阻滞麻醉在足踝部手术应用的可行性。方法：90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的单侧足踝部手术患者,随机分为椎管内麻醉（硬膜外）、膝部阻滞和踝部阻滞组。观察起效时间、麻醉效果、止血带反应、术后麻醉持续时间。结果：踝部阻滞组5例术中欠满意,出现在后足部及踝部手术。在中足及前足部手术3组麻醉均满意,无统计学差异。踝部阻滞组均出现止血带反应,P〈0.05,有统计学意义。术后镇痛时间,踝部阻滞（3±1）h,膝部（6±1）h,椎管内麻醉（6±2）h,P〈0.05,踝部与膝部及椎管内有统计学意义,膝部及椎管内无统计学意义。结论：对前足及中足部手术,除止血带反应外,3组无明显差异,均适合。对后足及踝部手术,选择膝部阻滞及椎管内麻醉。术后镇痛时间,膝部阻滞与椎管内阻滞比较长。     

老年骨科患者术后认知功能障碍的临床分析

目的观察老年患者在骨科手术麻醉后早期认知功能发生的变化.方法 80例择期行骨科下肢手术患者,年龄65岁以上,随机分为全麻组(A组n=40)和硬膜外联合蛛网膜下腔组(B组n=40),对A组、B组患者术前和术后12h、24h和48h的简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、POCD发生数量进行分析比较.结果 全麻组患者术后与术前相比MMSE评分均下降,变化较显著,有统计学意义(p<0.01),而硬膜外联合蛛网膜下腔组术后与术前相比MMSE评分下降不明显,无统计学意义.(P>0.05),术后12h、24h和48h各时段MMSE评分全麻组均低于椎管内麻醉组,POCD发生数量全麻组高于椎管内麻醉组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01).结论 为了减轻麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能的影响,降低POCD发生几率,椎管内麻醉相比全麻更适用于临床.     

超声引导下颈浅丛联合锁胸筋膜平面阻滞在锁骨手术中的麻醉效果

目的:比较超声引导下颈浅丛联合锁胸筋膜平面阻滞在锁骨手术中的麻醉效果。方法:回顾性分析84例锁骨骨折患者的病历资料。按麻醉方式不同分为对照组(n=42,应用超声引导下颈浅丛联合肌间沟臂丛麻醉)和观察组(n=42,应用超声引导下颈浅丛联合锁胸筋膜平面阻滞),比较两组患者不同时段镇痛效果和术中体征、同侧膈肌麻痹发生率、阻滞相关指标、上肢运动阻滞评分及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者不同时段VAS得分、术中心率和血压、同侧膈肌麻痹总发生率、阻滞操作时间、阻滞起效时间均低于对照组(P<0.05);术中血氧饱和度、镇痛持续时间高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组阻滞后4、8、12 h运动神经阻滞(Bromage)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下颈浅丛联合锁胸筋膜平面阻滞,更能提高锁骨骨折患者镇痛效果,维持术中体征稳定,减少同侧膈肌麻痹的发生率,保留同侧上肢的运动功能,且该区域麻醉技术操作简单,适合推广。     

超声引导下双侧闭孔神经阻滞复合全身麻醉在膀胱肿瘤电切术中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下双侧闭孔神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)患者术中闭孔神经反射的预防效果及对应激反应的影响.方法:按照麻醉方式不同将90例拟行TURBT术的膀胱肿瘤患者分为对照组(n=45)和观察组(n=45).对照组予以全身麻醉,观察组予以超声引导下闭孔神经阻滞复合全身麻醉;比较两组手术一般情况、闭孔神经反射等并发症情况、术后不良反应,于术前及术后24 h行血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL-6)、IL-8]水平的测定.结果:相比对照组,观察组的手术时间较短,术中出血量较少,麻醉满意度评分较高,术后下床时间提前,术后住院时间较短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组闭孔神经反射发生率为6.67％,低于对照组的22.22％(P<0.05);两组膀胱穿孔、膀胱出血发生率及术后不良反应发生率对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后24 h,两组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均增高(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:超声引导下双侧闭孔神经阻滞复合全身麻醉能够有效预防TURBT术中闭孔神经反射,减轻手术应激反应,促进术后恢复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.