颈椎不稳致交感型颈椎病的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨交感型颈型病的发病机制及有效的治疗方法。方法 回顾了1989-1998年应用颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者18例,分析了患者产及术后颈椎伸、屈侧位X光片。结果 18例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,不稳定节段为1个者6例,2个者9例,3个者3例;颈椎不稳主要发生于C3-C4和C4-C5,偶见于C5-C6和C6-C7。14例患者术前行颈椎高位硬膜外封闭,11例有效;于不稳定节段行颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术,18例均获随访,平均随访时间为1年9个月,术后有效率为88.9%,结论 颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素。颈椎高位硬膜外封闭具有重要的诊断价值。颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

退行性下颈椎不稳致交感型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的探讨退行性下颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病中的作用及手术治疗的效果。方法对25例退行性下颈椎不稳患者采用颈椎前路椎间盘摘除自体髂骨植骨融合钛钢板内固定术。结果患者均获随访,时间12-57个月,采用于泽生等的判定方法：优15例,良7例,中2例,差1例。结论颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病的重要因素,颈椎间盘退变突出是不稳的基础,手术治疗退行性颈椎不稳所致的交感型颈椎病有良好的疗效。     

颈椎节段不稳在交感型颈椎病中的作用

目的：探讨颈椎不稳定在交感型颈椎病中的作用及手术治疗的效果。方法：回顾伴有交感型颈椎病表现的混合型颈椎病12例,观察颈椎不稳定、围领制动效果,MRI表现及手术的治疗效果等指标。结果：颈椎X线表现：7例出现颈椎不稳定。围领制动效果：5例经围领制动后症状明显缓解,7例经围领制动后症状轻度缓解。MRI：7例在不稳定节段脊髓可见异常信号。手术效果：7例术后交感神经症状明显缓解,治疗效果为优,7例均为节段不稳的患者;4例术后交感神经症状轻度缓解,治疗效果为良;1例术后交感神经症状稍有缓解,治疗效果为中。结论：颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素,手术治疗颈椎不稳所致的交感型颈椎病有良好的疗效。     

颈椎不稳与交感型颈椎病的相关性研究

目的:探讨颈椎不稳与交感型颈椎病之间的相关性.方法:回顾性分析我科自2003年7月至2007年12月手术治疗的318例颈椎病患者,根据其临床症状分为无交感症状组(A组,n=284)和有交感症状组(B组,n=34).测量两组患者在颈椎前屈后伸位X线片上C2-C7椎间角位移和椎体后缘滑移情况.并分别统计交感症状与颈椎不稳以及性别与颈椎不稳间的相关性.结果:A、B两组颈椎不稳的发生率分别为21.8%(62/284)和55.9%(19/34),统计学分析表明颈椎不稳与交感症状间存在显著相关性(P＜0.05).在无交感症状的颈椎病患者中,男性和女性的颈椎不稳发生率分别为21.4%(37/173)和22.5%(25/111),两者间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);而在有交感症状的颈椎病患者中,男性和女性的颈椎不稳发生率分别为27.3%(3/11)和69.6%(16/23),两者间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:颈椎不稳与颈交感症状密切相关,重建颈椎稳定性可能是交感型颈椎病治疗的重点.     

颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的外科治疗策略

目的 探讨颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的临床诊断、术式选择及手术疗效。方法 对手术治疗的32例颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳，分别摄术前及术后随访之颈椎正侧位、伸屈侧位X线片及颈椎MR检查。32例均经前路行减压、植骨融合、内固定手术治疗。以颈椎不稳节段与颈椎主要退变节段重合，并行减压内固定患者为A组，共7例；对25例颈椎不稳与颈椎病节段不重合，以其中仅处理颈椎病节段9例为B组；在处理颈椎病节段同时处理颈椎不稳节段16例为C组。以“40分”评分法分别对患者术前、术后随访情况予以评价，对数据分别行组间均值t检验及组内配对t检验。结果 经12～36个月随访（平均25个月），所有患者均获骨性融合，平均改善率61．2％。A、B、C组间均值t检验：术前差异无显著性（P〉0．05）、术后差异亦无显著性（P〉0．05）。各组内配对t检验，术前、术后随访差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 在颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的患者中，不稳节段与主要退变节段关系密切但往往并不重合。通过颈前路手术，在处理颈椎病节段同时处理相邻颈椎不稳节段，临床疗效满意。     

两种颈椎前路融合术的比例

目的：比较两种颈椎前路减压融合术的临床疗效及适应证。方法：回顾性分析51例脊髓型颈椎病患者环锯法减压后行单纯植骨或Cage植入融合后的临床疗效及X线检查结果。按JOA评分，恢复率（Hirabayashi法）评定手术疗效，并比较术前，术后颈椎动力性摄片结果，判断其融合效果，结果；平均随访4．2年，术前节段不稳病例中，Cage植入组的JOA评分改善率，优良率均显著优于单纯植骨组，而节段稳定者两者疗效相近。结论：脊髓型颈椎病术前X线提示有颈椎不稳者适于前路减压Cage植入，而节段稳定者则可行单纯植骨融合。     

颈椎双节段人工间盘置换术与前路减压融合术远期疗效的比较

目的比较双节段颈椎人工间盘置换术(cervical artificial disc replacement, CADR)与颈椎前路减压融合术(anterior cervical decompression and fusion, ACDF)治疗颈椎退行性疾病的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年12月至2007年12月因颈椎退行性疾病而行双节段颈前路手术治疗15年以上患者资料。将患者按手术方式分为CADR和ACDF两组。CADR组15例, 男7例、女8例;年龄(49.73±10.26)岁(范围32～70岁);混合型颈椎病3例, 神经根型颈椎病5例, 脊髓型颈椎病7例;C3, 4、C4, 5节段1例, C3, 4、C5, 6节段2例, C4, 5、C5, 6节段7例, C5, 6、C6, 7节段5例;术前手术节段活动度(range of motion, ROM)为9.10°±4.00°;随访时间为(189.07±13.51)个月(范围162～210个月)。ACDF组20例, 男12例、女8例;年龄(52.60±8.83)岁(范围32～68岁);混合型颈椎病2例, 神经根型颈椎病3例, 脊髓...     

退行性颈椎不稳的手术治疗

目的 应用手术治疗退行性颈椎不稳．观察其疗效，并探讨手术适应证。方法 自1998年4月～2001年4月，对15例影像学上有颈椎不稳、伴体位性症状、经1年以上严格保守治疗无效的非脊髓型颈椎病患者施行手术治疗，男6例，女9例；年龄44～65岁．平均55．2岁。病程1．5～4年．平均28个月，体位性症状主要包括：随颈椎屈伸或旋转出现的神经根型、交感型以及椎动脉型颈椎病样症状，所有病例均采取前路颈椎不稳节段融合加铁板内固定术。自体髂骨植骨7例,其中单节段3例；双节段4例,双节段者行开槽植骨。应用椎间融合器(钛网)8例．其中单节段2例，植骨取自异体骨；双节段6例，行开槽植骨．植骨取自椎体切除部分，结果 随访时间8个月～4年，平均25个月。15例患者症状均获明显改善．12例症状完全消失，3例偶有颈背部酸胀感。融合节段均获得骨性愈合。结论 影像学上出现退行性颈椎不稳同时伴有颈椎体位性症状，且两者可相互解释者．通过行不稳节段的融合术可获得良好的治疗效果，退行性颈椎不稳有良性转归的可能，因此应严格掌握手术适应证。     

Syncage在颈椎融合术中的应用

目的:探讨颈椎前路融合器Syncage在颈椎前路融合术中的应用效果。方法:2001年1月~2002年10月,对23例脊髓型颈椎病、11例颈椎间盘突出症和1例神经根型颈椎病患者行颈椎前路融合手术,小切口入路(3~4cm),椎间盘及部分椎体后缘切除后,保留椎体终板,椎间隙置入带自体松质骨的盘状或楔状Syncage。以手术前后X线片及JOA评分分析疗效。结果:35例随访7~17个月,平均12.1个月,置入的Syncage无移位、脱出,病变椎间隙恢复正常,术后半年时已有骨性融合。术前JOA评分平均10.30分,术后14.76分,二者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:应用Syncage的颈椎前路融合术手术创伤小,病人术后恢复快,能早期活动,椎间融合牢固,短期疗效优良。     

单纯性神经根型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的　探讨神经根型颈椎病的定位诊断、手术方法及疗效。方法　对 12例单纯性神经根型颈椎病行前外侧钩椎关节切除植骨融合术或前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术 ,术后平均随访时间 2年 8个月。结果　疗效优 6例 ,良 4例 ,可 2例 ,优良率83 3%。结论　前外侧钩椎关节切除植骨融合术或前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效满意。定位诊断对手术疗效至关重要。颈椎MRI结合CT能协助定位诊断。     

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy with abnormal involuntary neck movements. Report of three cases

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy usually arises in patients in their late 40s or early 50s, most frequently at the C5/6 and C6/7 levels. Recently, excellent results have been attained with microsurgery in cases of cervical spondylosis. On the other hand, treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy entails several problems. The authors report three cases of such troublesome myelopathy. A 34-year-old male with severe athetoid movement showed cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated compression of the spinal cord through the C3-C5 levels. A 47-year-old female with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy presented myelopathy. Myelography and MR imaging showed instability and spinal cord compression at the C5/6 level. A 34-year-old male with spasmodic torticollis showed C6 radiculopathy due to cervical disc hernia at the C5/6 level. Cervical anterior decompression with interbody fusion brought temporary improvement in all the three patients. However, such problems as slippage of Halo-vest, difficulty in eating during Halo-vest fixation, relapse of neurological deficit, were experienced. Due to postoperative cervical instability, cervical laminectomy is considered to be contraindicated in such patients. Anterior decompression with bone fusion has been reported effective, but, if athetoid dystonia continues, there is a potential for myelopathic deterioration due to spondylotic changes adjacent to the fused vertebrae.     

Cervical angina caused by atlantoaxial instability

Cervical angina is defined as a paroxysmal precordialgia that resembles true cardiac angina caused by cervical spondylosis. Cervical angina most commonly results from compression of the C7 ventral root. We present here a case of cervical angina caused by atlantoaxial instability. This case had marked atlantoaxial instability but no flexibility of the middle to lower levels of the cervical spine. Although there was mild C7 root compression on the radiologic findings, the chest pain was induced by neck motion, and the precordialgia disappeared after posterior atlantoaxial fusion without C7 root decompression. Therefore, we diagnosed this case as cervical angina caused by spinal cord compression at the C1-C2 level. It was speculated that a perturbation of the sympathetic nervous system or a hypofunction of the pain suppression pathway in the posterior horn of the spinal cord caused the pectoralgia. Although cervical angina is a rare disease, physicians should be aware of it; if there are no abnormal findings on cardiac examinations for angina pectoris, they should examine the cervical spine. Cervical angina due to atlantoaxial instability is one of the differential diagnoses of precordialgia.     

颈性眩晕的病因及其治疗

目的：探讨颈性眩晕的病因及其治疗。方法：80例颈性眩晕患者中，椎动脉型颈椎病25例，其中5例行颈前路钩椎关节切除 横突孔减压术，12例颈前路椎间盘及骨赘切除 椎间植骨融合术；下颈椎失稳27例，下颈椎骨折脱位2例，5例行颈前路植骨融合术；颈间盘突出症11例，8例行颈前路间盘切除 椎间植骨融合术；8例OPLL均行颈前路骨化韧带切除 椎间植骨融合；环枢椎旋转半脱位2例，行手法复位，环枢椎前脱位4例，行牵引复位，后路植骨融合术；1例颈部巨大脂肪瘤侵犯双侧椎动脉（VA）。36例行保守治疗，结果：疗效优60例，良17例，差3例。结论：颈椎病和颈椎失稳是颈性眩晕的主要病因（65%）。交感神经受刺激是主要的发病机制。治疗应以稳定颈椎和VA减压为主要目的。     

颈性眩晕外科治疗的指征及疗效探讨

目的探讨颈性眩晕外科治疗的指征及疗效。方法回顾分析2004年1月~2006年4月颈性眩晕患者100例,均经颈椎动力位及MRI检查。其中颈椎不稳21例:1个节段不稳5例,2个节段不稳10例,3个节段不稳6例;颈椎不稳主要发生于C4,5、C5,6节段;21例患者中MRI显示共43个不稳节段,其中32个节段合并颈椎间盘退变突出、硬膜囊出现压迹。本组21例患者均行颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定术。结果21例均获随访,时间为12~39个月,术后12例眩晕获得缓解,5例有改善,4例眩晕改善不显著。手术治疗优良率为80%。结论颈椎不稳合并硬膜囊受压可以作为颈性眩晕的手术指征;采用颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定治疗有较高的优良率。     

以交感神经症状为主颈椎病患者的手术治疗

目的:探讨以交感症状为主的颈椎病患者的手术治疗方法和疗效.方法:2003年7月至2007年7月,我科手术治疗18例以交感神经症状为主的颈椎病患者,所有患者术前影像学检查均有颈椎不稳和不同程度的脊髓或神经根受压表现,JOA评分12.4±1.9分,北医三院40分法评分28.7±5.3分.采用前路扩大减压植骨融合术,同时应用内固定重建颈椎稳定性.随访患者JOA评分及北医三院评分改善情况,统计交感神经症状缓解以及并发症发生情况.结果:14例患者采用前路椎间扩大减压植骨融合内固定术,4例采用前路椎体次全切除植骨融合内固定术.术中无血管神经损伤、脑脊液漏等严重并发症发生.6例患者术后有一过性咽喉部疼痛不适,出院时均已消失.随访18～58个月,平均36个月,术后3个月随访时JOA评分和北医三院评分分别为15.2±1.4分和34.3±4.8分,末次随访时分别为15.6±1.0分和35.1±4.4分.两种评分术后3个月和末次随访时与术前相比均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),术后3个月和末次随访时比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).术后交感症状缓解优7例,良10例,差1例.随访时影像学检查显示植骨融合满意,没有颈椎不稳定.结论:颈前路手术充分减压、重建颈椎生理曲度和稳定性治疗以交感神经症状为主的颈椎病可获得满意疗效.     

交感型颈椎病患者颈椎不稳定的X线测量

目的:探讨颈椎过屈、过伸侧位X线片在交感型颈椎病诊断中的应用及意义。方法:应用游标卡尺和测角仪测量了30例交感型颈椎病患者和30例正常人的过屈、过伸侧位X线片,将C2/3、C3/4、C4/5、C5/6角位移和椎体间滑移分别进行统计、分析和对比。结果:在过伸、过屈位片上交感型颈椎病患者与正常人比较,C4/5、C5/6间角位移和C3/4、C4/5、C5/6椎体间滑移显著增大(P<0.05)。结论:交感型颈椎病颈椎不稳定好发于C4/5,其次是C5/6、C3/4节段,过伸、过屈位片角位移和椎体间滑移在交感型颈椎病的诊断中意义更大,根据本组数据可推算出引起交感神经症状颈椎不稳的X线诊断标准。     

Long-term incidence of subaxial cervical spine instability following cervical arthrodesis surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Cervical spine deformities are well-known complications of RA. A 5- to 20-year follow-up of 51 consecutive rheumatoid patients who underwent posterior cervical arthrodesis is presented to evaluate the recurrence of instability and need for further surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical features of 11 men and 40 women with an established diagnosis of RA and associated cervical deformities who underwent cervical spine surgery at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1979 and 1990. Their mean age was 61 +/- 10 years (SD), and their duration of RA averaged 21 +/- 8.9 years (SD). There were 22 patients who presented with myelopathy, 7 with radiculopathy, and 22 with instability/neck pain. There were 33 patients with AAS, 2 with SMO process into the foramen magnum, 8 with SAS, and 8 with combinations of these. Preoperative reduction was followed by decompression and fusion using wiring techniques and autologous bone graft. Postoperative halo orthosis was provided for at least 3 months. The mean follow-up was 8.3 +/- 6 years (SD). RESULTS: There were 31 patients (61%) who underwent atlantoaxial arthrodesis, 17 patients (33%) who underwent subaxial, and 3 patients (6%) who underwent occipitocervical arthrodesis. During follow-up, 39% (13/33) of patients with AAS developed nonsymptomatic (6) or symptomatic/unstable (7) SASs subsequent to C1-C2 fusion. The latter 7 patients (21%) subsequently required extension of their arthrodesis. Adjacent segment disease was most common at the C3-C4 interspace after atlantoaxial fusion in 62% (8/13). Among the 8 patients who underwent isolated cervical fusion for SAS, 1 patient (1/8, 12%) developed adjacent instability after a fall and required extension of the previous fusion. No secondary procedure was required for the 6 patients initially stabilized by C1-(C6-T1) fusions for combinations of AAS + SAS. None of the patients initially treated by C1-C2 arthrodesis for AAS progressed to SMO. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of subaxial instability in patients with rheumatoid disease who underwent cervical arthrodesis may be higher than previously reported, indicating the need for continued follow-up in these patients. Adjacent segment disease may be most common at the C3-C4 level following atlantoaxial fusion. Early stabilization of the C1-C2 complex in the patients with AAS may potentially prevent progression of SMO.     

前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效分析

目的:探讨前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2001年10月～2010年10月手术治疗的伴有明显头晕、头痛等交感神经症状的颈椎病患者156例,其中脊髓型59例,脊髓-神经根混合型97例。病变涉及单节段108例,2个节段39例,3个节段6例,4个节段3例。对全部病变节段行前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术,术中均彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带。观察比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时临床症状及影像学情况,采用交感神经症状20分法和JOA 17分法评定交感神经症状和脊髓神经功能改善情况。在颈椎正侧位及伸屈动力位X线片上进行影像学评价。结果:32例患者术后有一过性咽喉部疼痛不适感,经对症处理于术后3～5d症状均消失;无脑脊液漏、感染和血管、神经损伤。随访8～42个月,平均25个月。交感神经症状评分术前6.4±1.7分,术后1周1.6±1.7分,末次随访时2.4±1.4分,主观满意率79%;JOA评分术前9.8±2.4分,术后1周11.9±2.5分,末次随访12.9±2.2分。术后1周、末次随访时交感神经症状评分和JOA评分与术前比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时X线片显示手术节段均已融合,颈椎稳定性良好,无内固定松动和断裂。2例于术后3年因脊髓神经症状加重行二次后路减压手术。结论:颈前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术结合术中彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效良好。