更昔洛韦、复方甘草酸苷注射液联合治疗小儿传染性单核细胞增多症的临床研究

目的对更昔洛韦、复方甘草酸苷注射液联合治疗小儿传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的疗效进行评价。方法将60例确诊为IM的患儿随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(30例),治疗组联合应用更昔洛韦、复方甘草酸苷注射液治疗;对照组仅给予利巴韦林治疗。比较两组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为56.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论更昔洛韦、复方甘草酸苷注射液联合治疗小儿IM可提高疗效、缩短疗程及促进免疫功能的恢复。     

盐酸伐昔洛韦联合复方甘草酸苷治疗玫瑰糠疹

目的研究盐酸伐昔洛韦联合复方甘草酸苷治疗玫瑰糠疹的临床分析。方法以2017年4月-2019年2月于天津市北辰中医医院接受诊治的86例玫瑰糠疹患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各43例,对照组采取复方甘草酸苷治疗方法,观察组在对照组给药方案上加用盐酸伐昔洛韦治疗,观察两组治疗玫瑰糠疹的效果差异。结果用药1周后,观察组治疗总有效率为72.09%,高于对照组的44.19%;用药2周后,观察组治疗总有效率为95.35%,高于对照组的81.40%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者发生的不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盐酸伐昔洛韦联合复方甘草酸苷用药在治疗玫瑰糠疹方面有较为确切的效果,相比单纯复方甘草酸苷治疗有效率更高,且盐酸伐昔洛韦堵的加用并不会明显增加不良反应的发生,联合用药的安全性相对较高。     

更昔洛韦治疗小儿秋季腹泻病35例

目的观察更昔洛韦治疗小儿秋季腹泻病的临床疗效。方珐70例小儿秋季腹泻病患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组，2组患儿在给予常规治疗的基础上，对照组35例给予利巴韦林10mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1，加入10％葡萄糖注射液100—200ml静脉滴注，治疗组35例给予更昔洛韦10mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1，加入10％葡萄糖注射液100—200ml静脉滴注，静脉滴注；疗程5—7d。结果治疗组总有效率（91．15％）明显高于对照组（68．75％，P〈0.01）；治疗组，热程、呕吐、腹泻症状，平均住院时间恢复至（10％的时间均较对照组明显缩短P〈0.01或P〈0.05）；治疗组有2例粒细胞减少，1例血小板减少，停药1周后恢复正常。结论更昔洛韦治疗小儿秋季腹泻，疗效好。     

小儿带状疱疹22例治疗体会

目的探讨小儿带状疱疹的临床治疗方法。方法22例带状疱疹患者给予静脉滴注更昔洛韦、复方甘草酸苷治疗。结果22例患儿疱疹消失、止痛、皮损痊愈所需时间分别为(2.2±0.6)d、(4.0±1.1)d、(7.4±2.0)d,总有效率86.36%。结论更昔洛韦+复方甘草酸苷治疗小儿带状疱疹起效快,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

小儿手足口病两组治疗方案的疗效比较研究

目的对比观察保定市传染病医院常用两组治疗小儿手足口病方案的临床疗效。方法将60例初诊为普通型手足口病患儿随机分为两组,每组30例,一组给予更昔洛韦联合痰热清注射液治疗（治疗1组）,一组给予更昔洛韦联合西咪替丁（治疗2组）,对比两组患儿的临床疗效及不良反应的发生率。结果治疗1组热退、疱疹消退以及口腔溃疡愈合时间均明显短于治疗2组（P〈0.05）;治疗1组的显效率为83.3%,总有效率为93.3%,明显高于治疗2组的73.3%和83.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组治疗过程中均无严重不良反应发生。结论更昔洛韦联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿手足口病的临床疗效优于更昔洛韦联合西咪替丁,不良反应小,值得在临床中推广应用。     

更昔洛韦治疗小儿流行性腮腺炎的疗效观察

目的观察更昔洛韦治疗小儿流行性腮腺炎的疗效。方法治疗组采用更昔洛韦5-10mg／kg．d静脉滴注;常规治疗组采用阿昔洛韦5-10mg／kg．d静脉滴注。两组病例各30例,分析治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率97％,常规治疗组总有效率87％。结论更昔洛韦治疗儿童流行性腮腺炎疗程短,见效快,无毒副作用。     

更昔洛韦联合干扰素治疗小儿病毒性脑炎的临床观察

目的 观察更昔洛韦联合干扰素治疗小儿病毒性脑炎的临床疗效.方法 将64例病毒性脑炎患儿随机分为观察组32例和对照组32例,对照组静脉滴注更昔洛韦,观察组在对照组基础上加用重组人干扰素α-2b肌肉注射.结果 观察组总有效率为90.63%,明显优于对照组的68.75%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 干扰素联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿病毒性脑炎疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口病90例临床对照研究

目的观察更纾洛韦治疗小儿手足口病的临床疗效。方法将180例手足口病患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,各90例。两组均给予口服维生素C、补液、对症等常规治疗,同时治疗组给予更昔洛韦5mg／（kg·d）加入液体中静脉滴注,对照组给予利巴韦林10～15mg／（kg·d）加入液体中静脉滴注,观察两组的临床症状、体征及不良反应。结果治疗组临床症状及体征均较对照组消失早（P〈0．05）;治疗组总有效率为96．7％,对照组总有效率为82．2％（P〈0．05）;两组均未见明硅不良反戊。结论更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口病具有疗效显著、疗程缩短的特点,且无不良反应。     

解毒化湿饮治疗小儿手足口病临床观察

目的探解毒化湿饮联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口病的临床疗效。方法选择我院住院小儿手足口病患者80例,随机分为观察组42例,对照组38例,观察组使用解毒化湿饮联合更昔洛韦治疗,对照组使用更昔洛韦治疗,观察退烧时间、疱疹消退时间、住院时间等指标。结果观察组患者退烧时间、疱疹消讨退时间、住院时间明显短于对照组患者,两组之间存在显著性差异（P＜0．05）;观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,两组之间存在显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论解毒化湿饮联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口病疗效显著,值得在基层医院推广使用。     

更昔洛韦联合氦-氖激光治疗带状疱疹的疗效观察

目的探讨更昔洛韦联合氦-氖激光治疗带状疱疹的临床疗效。方法带状疱疹120例分为两组,治疗组62例,给予静脉注射更昔洛韦注射剂0．25g加5％的葡萄糖250ml,联合氦．氖激光治疗,1次／d,连续7d。对照组58例,给予静脉注射更昔洛韦注射剂0．25g加5％的葡萄糖250ml,1次／d,连续7d。观察两组疗效。结果治疗组的疗效显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论更昔洛韦联合氦．氖激光治疗带状疱疹疗效显著,疼痛缓解时间缩短,病情恢复迅速。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.