“产教融合、学赛一体”中职护理人才培养模式的改革与实践

人才培养模式是学校为实现培养目标在培养过程中采取的构造样式和运作方式,关系到学校人才培养的水平和质量。该文介绍了以学校为研究载体,以中职护理人才培养改革为切入点,以护理职业标准和技能规范引导专业课程的构建和教学工作,将职业技能竞赛"竞赛"机制引入中职护理技能教学课堂,构建"产教融合、学赛一体"中职护理人才培养模式,提高学生的职业技能和职业素养,实现中职护理专业人才"零"距离培养目标。     

依据“素质冰山理论”谈新护士职业素质的培养

总结了依据“素质冰山理论”对新护士进行职业素质培养的方法,主要包括：加强隐性素质培养、规划职业生涯完善新护士职业素养培训计划、开展医德医风教育培养新护士正确的职业意识、建立新护士的职业素质评估体系、围绕人文素质举行丰富多彩的教育活动、发挥好高年资护师的引领作用等。认为医院按“素质冰山理论”,有的放矢地对新护士进行隐性职业素养的培养,是提高医院竞争力的关键。     

五年一贯制高职医学影像技术专业人才培养模式建立与实践

校企合作、工学结合模式在理工类职业技术教育领域取得了许多成功经验,医学影像技术这一医工结合专业借鉴理工科院校校企合作经验,开展校院合作,工学结合,在创新人才培养模式方面进行改革和实践,探索"3.5+0.5+0.5+0.5",理论和实践相结合,专业课程与岗位工作相对接人才培养模式,即:课程结构与工作任务对接、课程内容与职业能力对接、教学情境与工作情境对接的人才培养模式。     

“三位一体”护理学人才培养模式的探索与实践

为满足社会需求、提高本科护生培养质量,以岗位胜任力为核心,深化实践教学体系改革,打造"医学与人文"相结合、"通科培养+专科知识辅修"相结合的人才培养特色,搭建训练学生创新思维的科研试验平台,紧跟现代医学发展趋势,结合护理学科发展需求,积极探索教育教学改革,形成了职业素养、实践能力、创新创业为主要内容的"三位一体"护理学人才培养模式。     

高职护理专业工学结合人才培养模式改革与实践

以襄樊职业技术学院护理专业为例,构建“院校结合、医教一体、课岗对接、能力递进”的人才培养模式改革,通过探索和创新护理专业院校合作体制、构建护理专业以岗位能力为核心的课程体系、院校结合实施“任务驱动”教学模式、利用优势资源实施医教一体化的教学组织模式、院校共建考核评价体系等措施,实现院校的深度合作,凝聚院校集体智慧,彰显合作特色,进一步提高人才培养质量,为高职校企合作探索出一条有效的新路子.     

助产专业人才培养模式的构建与实践

2008年盐城卫生职业技术学院按临床岗位需求和行业标准推出"两段制"人才培养模式,培养出适应助产专业岗位职业能力和职业素质要求的专门化护理人才。现报告如下。1构建工学结合的人才培养模式1.1确定人才培养目标高等职业院校培养目标兼有高教和职教双重功能,其培养目标是全面发展的社会人和职业人,     

高职医学检验专业培养模式改革研究与实践

人才培养模式改革是教学改革的核心。怀化医学高等专科学校对医学检验专业人才培养模式进行了不,懈的探索,从厘定培养目标着手,积极推进课程改革和教学方法改革;通过实践教学内容的改革和实验教材的开发．完善实践教学体系,加强实验实训教学,突出实践教学在高职教育中的主体地位;通过开展丰富多彩的社团活动和专业服务活动,提高学生的文化素养和社会服务意识。人才培养模式改革实践,使学生的职业核心能力和综合素质不断得到提高,人才培养质量得到社会的高度认可。     

高职护理人才培养模式的探索

为了促进高职护理专业的教学改革和创新,培养与岗位需求相链接的工学结合的护理专业人才,提出了“一个平台,三个循环,二个系列、三个职业方向”护理人才培养模式.“一个平台”指由基本素质课程、专业基础课程、专业技能课程、专业拓展课程和专业实践课程5个模块组成的护理专业能力培养基本平台,“三个循环”指“临岗-协岗-顶岗”三循环院校结合实践教学模式,“二个系列”指护理基本技能和职业基本技能培训,“三个职业方向”指临床、社区和助产3个职业方向.实践表明,该培养模式构建了护理专业“以能力为本位”的课程体系,拓宽了学生的就业渠道,提高了学生的就业率.     

实习模式对高职护生职业能力的影响及相关性研究

护理教育的特性决定了毕业实习是教学活动的重要环节,对学生职业能力的培养至关重要。几年来,我们坚持走改革创新之路,依托附属医院优势,构建校院一体、医教结合的护理人才培养模式,突出实践教学,重视学生综合素质的提高和职业能力的培养,强化教学医院在教学中的地位和作用,突出“以学生为主体,以能力为本位”的教育原则,在实习过程中倡导反思式学习,探索了一套培养学生多元化角色和综合能力的临床实习模式,介绍如下。     

在康复治疗技术专业教学中渗透职业素养培养初探

高等职业院校在培养康复治疗技术专业人才时必须重视符合岗位要求的职业素养的培养。可以在专业教学中渗透康复医学思维模式、团队协作能力、良好的医患沟通能力、个人素质"三心"等内容。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现:9例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。方法收集手术病理证实的9例骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的临床及影像学资料,9例术前8例接受CT扫描,3例接受MRI检查。结果9例中骨脂肪瘤6例,骨血管脂肪瘤3例。6例骨脂肪瘤发生于骨内4例,骨旁2例。骨内脂肪瘤跟骨1例,距骨1例,眶骨1例,肱骨1例。骨旁脂肪瘤颅骨1例,股骨1例。骨血管脂肪瘤发生于肋骨1例,颅骨1例,椎骨1例。骨内脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈轻度膨胀性改变,边缘见轻度硬化环,病灶内见脂肪密度及条弧形、结节状钙化,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,PDWI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。骨旁脂肪瘤CT呈不均匀高密度团块,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,T1WI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。3例骨血管脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈显著膨胀性改变,骨破坏边缘及内部见多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁,高密度骨针呈放射状、簇状或不规则排列。结论骨内脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤CT及MRI表现均以脂肪成分为主要特征,骨旁脂肪瘤CT以骨化性团块为特征,骨血管脂肪瘤骨质膨胀性改变较骨内脂肪瘤显著,病灶边缘及中心以多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁为特征。