杭州地区大米9种霉菌毒素污染情况调查

目的了解杭州地区大米中9种霉菌毒素的污染状况,为谷物质量安全的监管提供依据。方法 2015年从杭州市10个县(市、区)的农贸市场、超市及农户家中采集大米样品90份,按照SN/T 3136—2012《出口花生、谷类及其制品中黄曲霉毒素、赫曲霉毒素、伏马毒素B1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素的测定》测定黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-ADON)、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-ADON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和伏马毒素(FB1)9种霉菌毒素。结果 90份样品中,共检出DON、3-ADON、ZEN和FB1等4种毒素46份,检出率为51.11%,其中DON检出35份,检出浓度为1.40~195.30μg/kg;3-ADON检出1份,检出浓度为19.20μg/kg;ZEN检出9份,检出浓度为6.70~150.80μg/kg;FB1检出1份,检出浓度为9.12μg/kg。上述4种霉菌毒素在杭州的10个县(区)中,仅滨江区和下城区的样品未检出。结论杭州地区大米中霉菌毒素的污染程度较低,总体质量良好。     

安徽省赤霉病重度流行区谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的污染调查

对安徽省1989年江淮之间赤霉病重度流行的3个地区的小麦、面粉、玉米和大麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的污染水平进行了调查。检测样品共265份,DON的平均污染率为76.98%;平均含量为1539.8μg/kg;>1000μg/kg的样品占49.4%,>2000μg/kg的样品占21.89%。小麦中DON污染最严重,大麦次之,玉米污染程度较轻。     

上海地区小麦中霉菌毒素的污染调查

采集上海郊县1995年的小麦样品100份．应用薄层层析法检测黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1），用气相色谱法检测镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯酸（DON）和雪腐镰刀菌烯酸（NIV）。样品中DON、NIV和AFB1的污染率分别为53．0％、35．0％和45．0％，平均含量分别为280．9μg/kg、103．4μg／kg和0．86μg/kg。有17份样品同时检出AFB1，DON和NIV，可见镰刀菌毒素和黄曲霉毒素可共同污染粮食。本次调查我们还发现小麦中DON和NIV的含量存在相关关系（r＝0．55．P＜0．01），而AFB1与这两种毒素之间不存在相关关系（r＜0.10，P＞0.05）。     

1991年河南水灾区小麦霉变和霉菌毒素检测分析

本文测定了1991年9月河南省遭水灾后的信阳、驻马店、周口三地区新小麦霉菌菌相、霉菌侵染率和霉菌毒素含量。在被检测的24份样品中,霉菌总数在10~2—10~8Cfu/g 之间,共检出霉菌22个、群或种。优势霉菌主要为根霉、毛霉和黄曲霉.14份小麦染霉率为100%,占58.3%.1份小麦中 AFB_1含量超标,其含量为25μg/kg;10份小麦中 DON 含量大于1mg/kg,占41.7%,最高含量为3.5mg/kg;对21份小麦的 T—2霉素检测中,18份样品 T—2毒素含量大于100μg/kg,占85.7%,最高含量为1267.9μg/kg。     

河北省玉米、面粉中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染调查

用薄层层析法测定了105份玉米和50份小麦面粉中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)含量,结果玉米中DON检出率为61.9%,平均含量为208.8μg/kg;小麦面粉中DON捡出率为54%,平均含量为75.2μg/kg。     

地区差异影响粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量

目的 分析我国黑河-腾冲一线及两侧地区粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)的污染水平和差异。方法 于2019年7—10月,采用分层抽样,在黑河-腾冲一线及两侧地区收集了共13个省份农户储藏及市售常见的粮食样本,包括大米、玉米、红豆、黄豆和面粉,采取酶联免疫吸附法检测其DON含量。结果 本次调查共获得510份粮食样本,其中有12份样本超过国家标准,超标率为2.35%。不同粮食中DON平均含量由高到低依次为:玉米(361.40±533.42)μg/kg、面粉(227.76±272.19)μg/kg、黄豆(140.23±30.39)μg/kg、红豆(118.45±30.64)μg/kg、大米(106.35±46.85)μg/kg。黑河-腾冲线上地区DON平均含量(260.78±391.29)μg/kg高于线东南侧地区(130.42±67.44)μg/kg(Z=2.975,P<0.05)和线西北侧地区(153.72±179.95)μg/kg(Z=4.708,P<0.05); 线西北侧地区DON平均含量高于线东南侧地区,但差异无统计学意义(Z=0.967,P>0.05)。结论 我国黑河-腾冲线上及两侧部分地区粮食中DON的污染状况普遍,玉米的DON污染水平较其它谷物高; 不同地区DON含量差异表现为:黑河-腾冲线上地区>线西北地区>线东南地区。     

中国部分地区玉米中4种黄曲霉毒素污染调查

目的了解中国玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)和黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)的污染状况。方法从吉林、河南、湖北、四川、广东、广西采集玉米样品,用HPLC测定黄曲霉毒素含量。结果共测定279份玉米,黄曲霉毒素阳性率为75.63%,阳性样品平均浓度为44.04μg/kg,浓度范围0.20～888.30μg/kg。四川、湖北、广西、河南、广东和吉林样品的阳性率依次为90.48%、93.75%、87.50%、36.96%、91.84%和52.17%,平均浓度依次为107.93、70.98、39.65、8.06、3.70和1.15μg/kg。4种毒素中AFB1阳性率和平均浓度最高,分别为74.55%和39.64μg/kg;AFB2、AFG1和AFG2的阳性率和平均浓度依次降低,阳性率分别为58.42%、41.22%和19.71%,平均浓度分别为3.81、3.47和0.51μg/kg。结论玉米的黄曲霉毒素污染比较普遍;调查的各地样品均有不同程度污染,总体上南方地区高于北方;4种毒素中以AFB1污染为主。     

我国部分地区谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量检测分析

目的描述我国部分地区主要谷物脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)污染率及污染水平,探讨谷物DON污染现状。方法采用分层随机抽样收集全国18个省份市售谷物样本7类,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测DON含量。结果 DON检出率由高到低依次为青稞(100.0%),玉米(90.6%),黄豆(85.7%),大米(81.3%),绿豆(76.1%),面粉(74.1%),小米(69.8%);DON平均值由高到低依次为玉米(266.1±326.1)μg/kg,面粉(168.6±219.5)μg/kg,黄豆(161.7±123.4)μg/kg,大米(152.9±199.5)μg/kg,绿豆(136.6±94.9)μg/kg,青稞(120.3±32.8)μg/kg,小米(118.4±93.4)μg/kg。结论我国谷物普遍受到DON污染,其中青稞、玉米、黄豆、大米的检出率均超过80%,从含量上看玉米污染严重,且有个别样本DON含量超出国家限量标准。     

2007-2008年中国谷物中隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及多组分真菌毒素污染状况

目的 了解我国部分地区谷物中隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON-3-G)及多组分真菌毒素污染状况.方法 2007-2008年在河南、河北、广西、安徽、四川、重庆和江苏7个省(市、自治区)采集玉米、小麦等样品共计446份,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法检测样品中DON-3-G及多组分真菌毒素[包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)等]的污染状况.结果 小麦、玉米中污染的主要真菌毒素为DON及其衍生物和ZEN.88%(169/192)的小麦样品中检出DON(1.5～590.7μg/kg;中位数:30.8μg/kg);22.9%(44/192)的小麦样品中ZEN阳性(1.7～3425.0 μg/kg;中位数:8.0μg/kg),其中有6份样品中ZEN含量超过我国规定的限量标准(60μg/kg).50.5%(103/204)的玉米样品中DON阳性(1.6～4374.4 μg/kg;中位数:94.9μg/kg),7份样品中DON含量超过我国规定的限量标准(1000μg/kg);41.7%(85/204)的玉米样品中ZEN阳性(1.6～4808.7 μg/kg;中位数:48.5μg/kg),其中有37份超过我国规定的限量标准(60 μg/kg).首次在国产小麦和玉米中检出DON-3-G,小麦、玉米样品中DON-3-G中位数分别为21.4μg/kg和34.6 μg/kg,小麦中DON-3-G均高于3-乙酰化DON(3-A-DON,中位数:4.1μg/kg)和15-乙酰化DON(15-A-DON,中位数:3.1μg/kg)(t值分别为5.111和5.966,P值均<0.01);玉米中15-A-DON(中位数:48.6μg/kg)高于3-A-DON(中位数:6.8 μg/kg)(t=-3.579,P<0.01).玉米中DON、DON-3-G、3-A-DON、15-A-DON和ZEN的污染水平均高于小麦(Z值分别为-3.492、-1.960、-2.467、-8.711和-6.272,P值均<0.05),而NIV在小麦中水平(中位数:29.0μg/kg)高于玉米(中位数:18.2μg/kg)(Z=-2.086,P<0.05).结论 我国部分地区小麦、玉米被多组分真菌毒素污染,以DON检出率最高;玉米中受DON、DON-3-G、3-A-DON、15-A-DON和ZEN的污染比小麦重.

Abstract：

Objective To elucidate the natural occurrence of masked deoxynivalenol (DON-3-G)and other multi-mycotoxins in cereals from parts of China. Methods A total of 446 corn and wheat samples harvested in 2007 and 2008 collected from Henan, Hebei, Guangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangsu provinces were analyzed for DON-3-G and other multi-mycotoxins (including deoxynivalenol (DON),zearalenone(ZEN), nivalenol (NIV), et al) by UPLC-MS/MS. Results Corn and wheat samples were mainly contaminated by DON and its derivatives as well as ZEN. 88% (169/192) of wheat samples were positive for DON (range: 1.5-590. 7 μg/kg; median: 30. 8 μg/kg) ;22. 9% (44/192) of wheat samples were contaminated with ZEN (range: 1. 7-3425.0 μg/kg; median: 8.0 μg/kg) and six samples contained ZEN concentration higher than the ZEN tolerance limit of 60 μg/kg. DON was detected in 50. 5% (103/204) corn samples (range: 1.6-4374. 4 μg/kg; median: 94. 9 μg/kg); Seven samples contained DON exceeding the tolerance limit of 1000 μg/kg for DON. Additionally, ZEN was found in 41.7% (85/204) corn samples with the concentration between 1.6 μg/kg and 4808.7 μg/kg (median:48.5 μg/kg)and there were 37 corn samples with ZEN level in the excess of tolerance limit for ZEN (60 μg/kg). DON-3-G was detected in corn and wheat samples for the first time in China with the median level of 21.4 μg/kg and 34. 6 μg/kg for wheat and corn,respectively. Wheat was more heavily contaminated with DON-3-G than both 3-aeetly-DON (3-A-DON,median:4. 1μg/kg) and 15-acetly-DON (15-A-DON,median :3. 1 μg/kg)(t values were 5. 111 and 5. 966, respectively,both P values <0. 01). While,the level of 15-A-DON (median: 48. 6 μg/kg) in corn was higher than 3-A-DON (median: 6. 8 μg/kg) (t =-3. 579,P < 0. 01). The concentration of DON, DON-3-G, 3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN in corn were higher than that in wheat (Z values were-3. 492,-1. 960,-2. 467,-8. 711 and-6. 272, respectively,all P values < 0. 05). Wheat(median: 29. 0 μ.g/kg) contained higher NIV in comparison with corn(median:18.2 μg/kg,Z=-2.086,P<0.05). Conclusion Wheat and corn samples from parts of China were contaminated with multi-mycotoxins and DON was the predominant;in comparison of wheat,corn was more heavily contaminated with DON, DON-3-G,3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN.     

河南省小麦中真菌毒素污染状况分析

目的了解河南省小麦中真菌毒素污染状况,及时发现小麦中真菌毒素安全隐患。方法 2017—2019年采集329份小麦,采用同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定小麦中16种真菌毒素含量,检测结果按照GB 2761—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量》进行评价。结果小麦中16种真菌毒素有不同程度的检出,以脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素、黄曲霉毒素为主,小麦中存在多种真菌毒素同时污染情况,分别有0～6类以上毒素同时共存。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)检出普遍,连续3年DON含量范围2.5～3667.9μg/kg,平均值范围103.3～567.9μg/kg,P50范围52.1～402.6μg/kg,2017—2019年检出率分别为46.4%(97/209)、98.3%(59/60)、75.0%(45/60),其中2018年DON超标率为13.3%(8/60),且有的严重超标好几倍。结论河南省小麦中真菌毒素污染状况分布差异较大,部分地区DON有高检出的现象,应引起重视,予以调查和监管。     

Contamination Level of T-2 and HT-2 Toxin in Cereal Crops from Aba Area in Sichuan Province,China

The contamination level of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in cereal crops from Aba area in Sichuan Province of China was investigated by rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed the high incidence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin and relatively low contamination level in the samples. The incidence of HT-2 toxin was 49.74% and its average level was 3.746 μg/kg. The incidence of toxin was 11.64% and the average level was 0.565 μg/kg. The maximum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin concentration was 3.332 and 34.510 μg/kg, respectively. In addition, contaminated samples not only included homegrown products, but included external purchased rice and flour, which may be attributed to bad storage environment and sanitary conditions.     

Trichothecene toxins in different groups of conventional and organic bread of the German market

The objective of the present study was to monitor the occurrence of a spectrum of trichothecene toxins in different groups of bread widely consumed by the German population. A total of 101 commercially available samples were randomly collected during 1999. Seven trichothecenes were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detection limits ranged between 2 and 12 μg/kg. Based on all samples, the incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin was at 92%, 5%, 8%, 2% and 1%, respectively; the median contents in positive samples amounted to 134, 25, 40, 12 and 4 μg/kg, respectively. Fusarenon-X and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol were not detected in any of the samples. The DON content in positive samples of rye bread (rye content >90%) was significantly lower than that of bread with a lower rye and correspondingly higher wheat content. In bread samples produced with cereals organically grown, the median values of DON resulted to be lower compared to those of conventional bread samples with a significant effect in mixed wheat bread. With bread being one of the major nutritional sources, the daily DON intake for the consumer may vary clearly according to eating habits. Based on the results of the present study it can be suggested that the temporary maximum tolerable daily intake of 1 μg/kg body weight/day of DON was not exceeded for the year and area of the survey.     

四川省部分地区主粮中杂色曲霉菌及其毒素的污染调查

通过对四川省部分地区大米和小麦两种主粮中杂色曲霉菌（Ａ．ｖ）和杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）污染调查，结果表明在大米和小麦中，Ａ．ｖ污染率分别为５．５％和１０．５％；ＳＴ污染率为５３．４％和６５．８％；ＳＴ平均含量为１５．５μｇ／ｋｇ和５８．６μｇ／ｋｇ。对不同地区和不同贮藏期粮食进行分析，Ａ．ｖ检出率越高，粮食中ＳＴ污染率和含量越高；贮藏期延长，Ａ．ｖ和ＳＴ检出率及ＳＴ含量增高。实验产毒表明所有Ａ．ｖ菌株均能产生ＳＴ，平均产毒量达７１９０．２μｇ／ｋｇ，证实Ａ．ｖ是ＳＴ形成的主要菌种     

胃癌、肝癌高发区和低发区粮食中杂色曲霉素污染量调查

采用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验（ＩＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定了２０８份粮食样品的杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）污染量，发现其中７９份含ＳＴ少于４μｇ／ｋｇ，１１１份含４～３９μｇ／ｋｇ；ＳＴ污染量高于４０μｇ／ｋｇ的有１８份，最高含３４μｇ／ｋｇ。采自胃癌、肝癌高发区的１０７份样品，有４４．９％含２０μｇ／ｋｇ以上的ＳＴ，而低发区的６１份样品只有１４．８％含ＳＴ在２０μｇ／ｋｇ以上。二者，有极显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；高发区样品的ＳＴ污染量加权平均值为（１９．６±２１．６）μｇ／ｋｇ，低发区的为（１２．２±１１．８）μｇ／ｋｇ，二者也有极显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在同一类地区，原粮的ＳＴ污染量显著高于成品粮的；不同粮食品种之间的ＳＴ污染量有差异，按ＳＴ污染量由大到小排列为：杂粮及饲料＞小麦＞稻谷＞玉米＞面粉＞大米。就单一品种比较，来自胃癌、肝癌高发区和低发区的小麦、玉米、大米三种粮食的ＳＴ污染量之间都有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），而稻谷、面粉的ＳＴ污染量差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对其中的１６份样品按现行国家标准检测方法──薄层层析法测定ＳＴ含量，发现１５份样品的测定结果与ＩＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法的测定值相一致。二种测定方法的符合?     

Levels of five mycotoxins in grains harvested in Atlantic Canada as measured by high performance liquid chromatography

An analytical protocol using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze samples of spring wheat, winter wheat, 2-row barley, and 6-row barley over a period of three years for the presence of five mycotoxins. These included deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol. The protocol employed a single extraction step using acetonitrile-water and two cleanup procedures. One utilized a solid-phase extraction column and the other a charcoal-alumina column. Detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.15 g of mycotoxin g^–1 grain. Little T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, or diacetoxyscirpenol was found in the samples. Deoxynivale nol was detected in 53 to 62% of the samples tested and zearalenone in 25–29% of the samples. Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for comparison purposes with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin. These kits provided reliable qualitative, but not quantitative, data.     

安徽省主粮中杂色曲霉素污染状况调查

报道了安徽省部分地区小麦、玉米、大米三种主要粮食中霉菌侵染状况。杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）用化学方法提取，毒素含量测定用灵敏、快速的ＥＬＬＳＡ方法。结果表明三种粮食中霉菌侵染严重，侵染率分别为９６．２７％，８４．７９％和２６．８０％。霉菌菌相以曲霉为主。ＳＴ在粮食中污染较普遍，阳性率为６７．２％～１００％，平均含量为０．４９～２３１．５３μｇ／ｋｇ。尤其在小麦中阳性率高达１００％，平均含量达１６１．３μｇ／ｋｇ，１９９４年收获的小麦、玉米平均含毒量明显高于１９９５年收获的小麦、玉米，说明ＳＴ在粮食储藏过程中易产生     

Determination of trichothecenes and zearalenone in different corn (Zea mays) cultivars for human consumption in Poland

Contents of 11 trichothecenes of A and B types and zearalenone were determined in corn (Zea mays) samples by using a high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS). The lowest LOD was found for T-2 triol with 0.2 μg/kg. The content of mycotoxins in corn grain was compared, depending on cultivar and storage space. Based on the results, it was found that the 12 different corn cultivars and mix contained 9 of the 12 mycotoxins under investigation. The mycotoxins found were deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 triol and zearalenone; T-2 tetraol, HT-2 and T-2 were not detected. DON was found to be a prevailing toxin of the highest concentration in almost all the studied samples. The most contaminated corn cultivar was Terada. Additional studies have shown differences in mycotoxins content in Delitop cultivar depending on the sample provider. This work presents the first complete and accurate survey carried out in Lower Silesia (southwestern Poland) on the presence of mycotoxins in corn and demonstrates how the examined region could be considered as suitable for the production of healthful corn products.     

2018年四川省小麦中真菌毒素污染调查

目的 调查四川省小麦中真菌毒素的污染情况。 方法 采集157份四川省当年新收获的小麦样品,用同位素稀释-液质联用法检测15种真菌毒素。结果 样品中检出脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮2种真菌毒素,平均含量分别为172 μg/kg和39.6 μg/kg,超标率分别为4.4%和14.6%。结论 四川地区新收获的小麦样品中真菌毒素污染以脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮为主,川东北地区小麦污染水平较四川其他小麦产区高。     

2018年四川省阿坝州大骨节病历史重病区内、外环境病情影响因素分析

目的了解四川省阿坝州大骨节病历史重病区内、外环境硒及T-2毒素水平。方法2018年7月至2019年2月,在阿坝州马尔康市、壤塘县、阿坝县、若尔盖县、红原县5个大骨节病历史重病区市(县),分别选择1个历史重病区乡,每个乡选择1个历史重病区村和1个非病区村。每个村采集30名常住6~12周岁儿童发样,检测发硒含量;每个村采集10户家庭主食粮样,检测粮食硒含量及T-2毒素含量;每个村采集10份土壤样,检测土壤硒含量。结果病区村和非病区村儿童发硒(n=180、120)中位数分别为0.2600、0.3300 mg/kg,病区村低于非病区村(Z=-6.319,P<0.01);其中马尔康市和红原县病区村儿童发硒均低于非病区村(Z=-3.327、-4.939,P均<0.01),壤塘县和若尔盖县病区村与非病区村间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。病区村和非病区村粮食硒(n=110、70)中位数分别为0.0058、0.0180 mg/kg,病区村低于非病区村(Z=-2.263,P<0.05);其中若尔盖县病区村粮食硒低于非病区村(Z=-2.306,P<0.05),马尔康市、壤塘县、红原县病区村与非病区村间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。病区村和非病区村粮食(n=103、65)T-2毒素含量均低于检出限(1μg/kg)。病区村和非病区村土壤(n=60、40)硒含量分别为(0.0453±0.0215)、(0.0658±0.0454)mg/kg,病区村低于非病区村(t=2.672,P<0.05);其中红原县病区村土壤硒低于非病区村(t=14.838,P<0.01),马尔康市、壤塘县、若尔盖县病区村与非病区村间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论四川省阿坝州大骨节病历史重病区儿童发硒整体处于中等水平(0.25~<0.50 mg/kg),粮食、土壤硒整体处于缺乏水平(<0.025、<0.125 mg/kg),且病区村均低于非病区村;粮食中未检出T-2毒素。     

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Spanish corn-based food products

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the occurrence of trichothecenes toxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in samples of corn-based foods (breakfast cereals and snacks) consumed by the Spanish population. A total of 175 commercially available samples were randomly collected during 2005. Trichothecenes were determined by a gas chromatography–electron capture detector. The estimated limit of quantification was 25.4 μg/kg for DON and 15.9 μg/kg for NIV. DON was detected in 22 of the 55 samples of breakfast cereals, in 13 of the 57 samples of baked corn snacks and in 12 of the 63 samples of fried corn snacks. NIV was detected in 6 samples of breakfast cereals and 1 sample of snacks. The median concentrations of DON and NIV found in all samples were 53.9 and 60.2 μg/kg, respectively. The influence of different factors, such as the presence of additional ingredients and the type of commercial brand, on the toxin incidence and content levels were also studied. The values of both mycotoxin intake found in this study are lower than the proposed tolerable daily intake for the respective toxin (1 and 0.7 μg/kg bw/day for DON and NIV, respectively).