右输尿管下端腺肌病1例

患者女性、43岁.以右侧腰痛伴尿急、尿频、尿痛为主诉入院.半年前无诱因出现右侧腰痛,当地B超发现肾积水,考虑为右输尿管结石,经对症处理后症状有所缓解,但始终右侧腰部不适,右肾积水不消失,未查到结石,故来我院检查.我院超声发现右肾盂扩张3.13cm,右输尿管全程扩张,盆段输尿管1.20cm,近第三狭窄处输尿管逐渐变窄,直径0.30cm,内见絮状强回声、狭窄上方输尿管前壁增厚,紧贴膀胱(图1).超声提示:右肾积水,右输尿管狭窄.肾盏造影提示:右肾盂、肾盏积水、右输尿管狭窄原因待定.尿常规:红血球满视野,尿沉渣涂片未找到瘤细胞.     

腹膜后阑尾结石误诊为输尿管结石

1病例资料男,63岁。因反复尿频、尿急10余年,双侧腰部不适半年入院。查体:双侧肾区、输尿管走行区及膀胱区无叩压痛,腹部未发现异常。肛门指检:前列腺约Ⅰ度增大。B超示:双侧输尿管上段扩张,右侧输尿管和中段结石可能;右肾中度积水,左肾轻度积水;膀胱内有6·0 cm×5·8 cm大小结石。静脉肾盂造影示:右肾中度积水,右侧输尿管显影差,右侧输尿管中段结石;膀胱巨大结石;左肾轻度积水,左侧输尿管显影良好。尿镜检白细胞(2 )。血肌酐128μmol/L,尿素9·56 mmol/L。临床诊断:右输尿管中段结石并右肾积水;膀胱结石。行膀胱并右输尿管中段取石术,术…     

回盲部炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤一例

患者女,57岁,发现腹部肿物1个月余,无压痛,右下腹扪及一6cm×5cm大小肿物,质韧,边界清,不活动。CT表现:右侧中下腹部见多房囊性病变,囊腔大小不一,最大者约7.3cm×4.1cm×4.0cm,囊壁厚度均匀,约5.5mm,无壁结节(图1),增强扫描囊壁强化明显、均匀,囊内CT值约25HU,增强扫描无强化(图2);输尿管腹部段受压,其上段输尿管及右侧肾盂扩张积水(图3)。初步诊断为右中下腹囊实性占位,来源于卵巢可能。因肿物边界清晰,周围无浸润,考虑良性可能大。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症一例误诊

【病例】女,50岁。因右侧腰腹部胀痛4年余入院。14年前因子宫肌瘤行子宫切除术。查体:体温36·8℃,脉搏88/min,呼吸18/min,血压130/80mmHg。心肺未闻及异常,腹软,未触及肿块,双肾区无叩击痛。查血白细胞7·2×109/L,肝、肾功能正常;尿隐血( )。B超检查示右肾重度积水,右输尿管上段扩张。摄腹部X线平片加肾盂静脉造影示右肾积水,右输尿管扩张,下段有阴性结石的可能。膀胱镜插管逆行造影示插管5cm处有阻力,肾盂及输尿管上段有造影剂充盈,但造影剂于输尿管下段明显受阻,呈鸟嘴样改变。诊断:右肾积水原因待查,右输尿管下段结石?狭窄?肿瘤?行右…     

小儿先天性巨输尿管症3例误诊分析

1临床资料例1男，2岁。因发现左上腹部包块伴发热10天入院。查体：左上腹可扪及一约鸭蛋大小包块，质中等，表面光滑，移动度差，轻压痛。B超示左侧多囊肾。术前准备后行剖腹探查发现左肾盂轻度积水，输尿管明显增粗、扭曲，直径约2cm，扭曲范围上至左肾盂，下接膀胱，考虑为先天性巨输尿管症，予行输尿管膀胱再植术，痊愈出院。术后病理证实为先天性巨输尿管症。例2男，19个月。因发现右下腹条索状包块3天入院。查体：右侧腹及中腹部可及约8cm×3cm条索状包块，质硬，无压痛，活动。B超示右侧腹部约8．2cm×5．1cm多房性液性暗区，提示囊…     

重复肾伴输尿管走向及开口异常2例

患者1,女性,36岁。因右下腹及腰部胀痛3 d就诊。体格检查:右肾区叩痛,右下腹压痛明显,余未见明显异常。超声检查:右肾体积增大,肾窦区中度分离,中部见分隔,上下窦区各分别导出一输尿管,内径均宽约1.0 cm,至脐水平汇合为一条输尿管,内径宽约1.2 cm,汇合处下方在右髂动静脉上方约0.5 cm处见一强回声团,大小约1.0 cm×0.7 cm,后方伴声影,强回声团以下输尿管未见扩张,右输尿管走向呈“Y”型。结论:①右侧重复肾并双输尿管及输尿管走向异常;②右侧输尿管中段结石并上段扩张及右重复肾肾盂积水。患者2,男性,32岁。因左侧腰部胀痛不适就诊。体格检…     

下腔静脉后输尿管2例

例1,男,42岁。右腰部胀痛不适1月余,无发烧和膀胱刺激症状,尿常规化验:红血球++。B超检查:右肾轮廓清楚,大小尚正常,实质稍变薄,集合系统分离,中央暗区厚约42mm,输尿管上段扩张,内径约10mm,于下腔静脉交界处突然中断,B超提示:1.右侧肾盂积水;2.右侧输尿管上段扩张;3.右侧输尿管上段梗阻(腔静脉后输尿管可能)。手术所见:右肾积水,右输尿管位于腔静脉后,术中切断狭窄输尿管,于腔静脉前吻合。 例2,女,40岁,反复右腰背疼痛一月余,加剧2小时,无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无发烧。B超检查:右肾轮廓清楚,大小尚正常,实质稍变薄,集合系统分离,中央暗区厚约40mm,输尿管上段扩张,内径约12mm,斜行至下腔静脉交界处突然中断。B超显示:1.右侧肾盂积水;2.右侧输尿管上段扩张;     

原发性输尿管纤维上皮性息肉1例

患者女,49岁。发现肉眼全程血尿1个月余,无疼痛,血尿持续两天后好转,当地医院IVP示右输尿管占位。查体:双肾无扣击痛,双侧输尿管走行区无压痛。CT示:右侧肾盂及输尿管中上段扩张,右侧输尿管中上段粗细不均,管壁增厚,部分层面管腔内似可见软组织密度影,增强后,于肾脏排泄期输尿管中上段管腔内见充盈缺损,0.5cm×0.6cm×7.0cm大小,局部与管壁相连(图1)。诊断:输尿管中上段占位,不除外血凝块可能,伴肾盂输尿管积水。手术所见:暴露右输尿管,于输尿管中段可触及肿物,打开右输尿管探查发现一长约8cm灰白色细条形息肉样肿物,有蒂与输尿管内壁相连…     

输尿管—侧误扎58天的教训

1 病例报告 患者女,49岁,1992年3月2日因“子宫肌瘤”入院。检查子宫如孕2个月,宫颈Ⅲ肥大。3月12日行子宫全切除术。手术称顺利。术后当晚诉右腰痛,第二天追询曾有“右肾下垂”病史。有类似腰痛,故未引起重视。术后第15天B超提示右肾增大为12.8×6.5cm。右肾积水(液性暗区2.0cm).腹平片未见结石。术后28天ⅣP示右肾下显影.膀胱镜检查右输尿管口不喷尿.逆行插管右侧进入7cm受阻,造影剂受阻。右肾图呈抛物线型,功能中度受损。血BUN5.9mmol/L.Cr110μmol/L。诊断:右输尿管下段梗阻。术后58天行右输尿管下段手术探查.术中见平右髂前上棘稍下方输尿管有2条黑丝线贯穿缝扎。完全闭塞(未切断),其上方输尿管扩张,拆除缝扎线节,尿液仍不能通过、故切除狭窄段输尿管约1cm,上段有清亮尿液流出,用8号导尿管上下探查输尿管均通畅,放入支架管,常规端端吻合输尿管。     

结石梗阻致输尿管极度扩张

【病例】　男 ,42岁。因右腰背部胀痛不适 1年余来诊。查体 :一般情况好 ,右肾区叩击痛明显 ,右输尿管走行区压痛 ,左肾无异常。X线片示 :右输尿管下段约 1 2cm× 1 5cm结石 ;静脉尿路造影示 :右肾重度积水 ,右输尿管中上段扩张明显 ,右肾无功能 ,左肾功能正常。在硬膜外麻醉下行右输尿管下段切开取石术。术中发现右肾增大 ,呈多囊状 ,皮质变薄 ,结石位于输尿管第二狭窄处 ,表面粗糙 ,与黏膜粘连较紧。从肾盂至输尿管第二狭窄处的输尿管极度扩张 ,外观似“肠管” ,直径达8 5cm ,长度达 2 9cm ,结石以下输尿管闭塞。根据病情 ,探查左侧肾功…     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.