膜诱导组织再生技术用于牙种植的实验研究——扩大牙种植适应症

目的:为临床应用膜诱导组织再生技术扩大牙种植适应症提供理论依据。方法:在拔除狗前磨牙的同时,造成颊侧骨板缺损,即刻种植羟基磷灰石涂层钛种植体或纯钛种植体,并运用胶原膜覆盖颊侧种植体暴露面和骨面,现察种植体周骨组织再生情况。结果:经过一年的放射学和组织学观察,种植体周骨组织有不同程度的再生,大多数种植体稳固。结论:应用膜诱导组织再生技术扩大牙种植适应症乃是一种有良好应用前景的可行方法,但对相关因素的控制值得重视。     

膜诱导组织再生技术用于牙种植的实验研究Ⅱ——治疗种植体周围炎

目的:为临床应用膜诱导组织再生技术治疗种植体周围炎提供理论依据。方法:在狗的前磨牙区种植羟基磷灰石涂层钛种植体或纯钛种植体,并手术造成颊侧骨板缺损和感染,然后应用膜诱导组织再生技术进行治疗。结果:经过一年的放射学和临床观察,种植体周围炎症消失,并且有不同程度的骨组织再生,种植体松动度减小。结论:应用膜诱导组织再生技术治疗种植体周围炎是一种行之有效的办法。为提高治疗效果,应重视加强对相关影响因素的控制。     

OAM联合自体骨移植治疗牙周骨下袋缺损临床研究

目的:观察骨形成蛋白诱导活性材料联合自体骨移植治疗牙周骨下袋缺损的临床效果。方法:选取2016年2月~2017年2月我科门诊收治的牙周骨下袋缺损患者64例为研究对象,按照手术方法不同分为对照组和观察组各32例。对照组行自体骨移植联合引导组织再生术治疗,观察组行骨形成蛋白诱导活性材料与自体骨移植联合引导组织再生术治疗。比较两组牙周探诊深度、龈沟出血指数及生活质量评分差异。结果:术后3、6个月,观察组PPD水平低于对照组,P0.05;术后3、6个月,两组SBI均明显降低,术后组内比较有明显差异P0.05,但组间术后比较无明显差异,P0.05;术后6个月,观察组生活质量评分明显高于对照组,P0.05。结论:骨形成蛋白诱导活性材料与自体骨移植联合引导组织再生术治疗牙周骨下袋缺损,可促进牙周组织修复,改善患者生活质量。     

应用引导组织再生膜与人工骨、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等生物材料治疗牙周骨缺损

背景:引导组织再生已成功地应用到牙周病的治疗,应用生物相容性膜,依靠其机械屏障作用能阻止牙龈上皮根向生长,并形成一定的间隙以利于牙周膜细胞占据根面,进而重建牙周结构.目的:验证引导组织再生是否可促进牙周骨缺损的修复及增加新骨的形成,将引导组织再生和人工骨,生长因子等生物材料联合使用是否可获得更多牙周新组织.设计、时间及单位:动物实验观察,2006-02/2006-07在大连大学医学实验中心完成.材料:取碱性成纤维细胞生长因子冻干粉(50 mg/支),ddH2O彻底溶解,制成含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子5 g/L的溶液.将胶原膜剪为10 mm×10 mm大小,取1 mL溶液滴注胶原膜上完伞复合,使每张膜含5 mg碱性成纤维细胞生长因子.方法:刮取16只大耳白兔兔牙骨质,去骨高度为自牙槽脊水平至釉牙骨质界下6 mm制成缺损,右侧用加入碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的人工骨和引导组织再生含生长因子的引导组织再生膜包绕缺损,全瓣复位、缝合,作为实验组,左侧作为对照,制备方法及大小同,骨缺损直接全瓣复位、缝合.主要观察指标:光镜下观察载体材料吸收情况,结缔组织内炎症情况,结合上皮根向移行情况.结果:对照侧均呈现牙槽骨不愈合现象,实验侧有不同程度的牙槽骨骨愈合现象.与对照比较,实验组愈合效果较好.结论:引导组织再生膜与人工骨、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等生物材料膜技术的应用有利于骨缺损的愈合.     

家兔胫骨与颌骨急性骨损伤中哈弗氏系统的改建

目的通过哈弗氏系统改建的实验研究,探索一种新的能更好地促进骨损伤尽快修复的引导组织再生性生物膜材料。方法以家兔为研究对象,在其双侧胫骨中上三分之一交界处及下颌角前切迹处形成急性骨创,实验侧骨创处覆盖海藻酸钙膜,对照侧覆盖胶元膜或不覆盖膜材料,分别在术后1、2、4、6、8周时取出颌骨与胫骨,进行大体观察、组织学观察、TGF-β与VEGF抗体免疫组化染色并计量观察。结果术后6周内实验组哈弗氏管比对照侧出现早而多,骨再生快;前者异物巨噬细胞反应程度轻,后者反应程度重;术后4周内实验侧TGF-β与VEGF含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05) ,而且具有时空性。结论哈弗氏系统的改建和骨诱导因子的含量与生物膜材料引导组织再生的能力和效果直接相关。     

自体骨粉移植修复兔下颌骨部分缺损的骨组织形态计量学检测

目的 通过成骨定量检测了解自体骨粉移植修复兔下颌骨部分缺损的效果.方法 以6只新西兰大白兔为实验对象,造成双侧下颌骨部分缺损,随机选取一侧应用自体骨粉回填移植作为实验组,另一侧缺损旷置作为空白对照组,均采用自体对照.于术后12周分别处死动物,采用半自动图像分析法进行骨组织形态计量学检测.结果 术后12周实验组成骨定量检测,动态指标选择荧光周长百分率(%L.Pm)、骨形成率(BFR/TV)和矿化沉积率(MAR),静态指标选择骨小梁面积百分率(%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)和骨小梁密度(Tb.N),进行单因素析因方差检验,实验组与对照组比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 自体骨粉移植修复兔下颌骨部分缺损成骨效果良好.     

生物膜引导骨再生在上颌窦提升中的成骨效果

背景：利用生物膜引导骨再生技术在上颌窦提升中成骨是牙种植的研究热点。目的：探讨引导骨再生技术在上颌窦提升中的成骨效果。方法：9只比格犬进行双侧上颌窦底提升同期牙种植,实验侧行胶原膜覆盖颊侧创口,对照侧无胶原膜覆盖。术后4,12,24周分别处死实验犬,行大体标本、力学测试及组织学检查。结果与结论：术后12,24周时对照侧骨移植材料有移位,骨质吸收明显,种植体顶部暴露,实验侧种植体顶部骨移植材料无移位现象,有较厚的骨质覆盖。随时间的增加,种植体牵出力增加,在24周时实验侧与对照侧差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。组织学检查可见双侧上颌窦底植入骨粉后均可见新生骨形成,随时间延长逐渐增多、成熟,骨粉颗粒逐渐减少,术后12,24周时实验组与对照组新生骨的面积比较差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。结果显示生物膜引导再生技术可减少上颌窦提升后骨的吸收,促进新骨骨形成。     

引导组织再生术联合多孔无机骨治疗磨牙Ⅱ类根分叉病变的临床观察

目的:评价引导组织再生术(guied tissue regeneration,GTR)联合移植多孔无机骨(Bio-Oss)治疗磨牙Ⅱ类根分叉病变患牙的临床效果。方法:将40例患有颊侧Ⅱ类根分叉病变的磨牙平均分配到GTR组和对照组,对照组行牙周翻瓣刮治术,GTR组行牙周翻瓣刮治后植入胶原膜(Bio-Gide膜)和多孔无机骨(Bio-Oss),记录两组术前和术后1年的临床牙周指数并检查牙周X线片表现。结果:两组病例术后1年与术前比较,牙周探诊深度(PD)和临床附着丧失(CAL)减少,牙龈退缩水平(GR)略有增加。GTR组PD和CAL的下降比对照组更显著。GTR组术后1年PD减少3.93mm,CAL减少3.58mm,GR增加0.30mm。GTR组术后1年X线片检查骨缺损处密度增高。对照组术后1年X线检查骨缺损处密度无明显变化。结论:GTR联合移植Bio-Oss是治疗磨牙Ⅱ类根分叉病变的适宜方法。     

引导组织再生术后屏障膜留置时间与牙周组织再生量的关系

目的:观察引导组织再生术(guidedtissueregeneration,GTR)后不同时期牙周组织的再生情况,以确定达到最大牙周组织再生量时屏障膜留置体内的合适时间。方法:将6只杂种狗的下颌双侧第二、三、四前磨牙制备慢性II度根分叉病变模型,一侧进行GTR治疗,另一侧只进行翻瓣术治疗,分别于术后第4,6,8周进行形态学和组织学观察。结果:GTR治疗组牙周组织再生量明显多于对照组,且GTR治疗后6周牙周组织再生量明显高于GTR术后4周(P<0.01),GTR治疗后第6周和8周之间差异无显著性意义。结论:GTR技术治疗II度根分叉病变患牙时,为达到最大牙周组织再生量所需要屏障膜的作用时间至少要6周。     

生物玻璃和生物胶原膜联合应用于即刻义齿种植

目的：建立即刻种植动物模型,观察生物玻璃和生物胶原膜在即刻种植中引导骨组织再生、促进骨愈合效果. 方法：实验方法：取成年家犬12只,随机编号后分为4个组,在全麻下分别拔除双侧下颌第一双尖牙,制备近中拔牙窝并即刻植入种植体.前3个组分别应用生物玻璃填塞种植体与拔牙窝骨壁之间的间隙,或在种植床上方覆盖生物胶原膜,并尝试两种方法的联合应用,空白组不采用特殊处理.②观察指标：术后观察记录种植床愈合情况.术后4,8,12周分批处死动物并取其下颌骨标本,采用大体观察、X射线、普通光镜组织学方法和扫描电镜方法观察其在种植床中引起的骨组织再生变化过程和骨结合率,统计比较各种方法的成功率. 结果：①即刻种植成功率：总体成功率为95.8%,其中应用生物玻璃填塞种植体周围间隙可以诱导骨组织再生,其成功率均为100%,在种植床上方覆盖生物胶原膜者成功率为91.7%.②诱导骨组织再生作用：单用生物玻璃或两种方法联合应用诱导骨再生效果均较快,8周时表现骨质沉积量明显较多,其成骨呈多中心性,12周时可以诱导再生成熟的骨组织,并使种植体达到骨结合;应用生物胶原膜成骨呈向心性,成骨速度稍慢,12周时可以引导再生成熟的骨组织,并使种植体达到骨结合;空白组12周时在种植体的上部仍有较大部分软组织存在. 结论：在即刻种植中应用生物玻璃和生物胶原膜均可以诱导骨组织再生,促进骨愈合,获得较高的种植成功率;两者联合应用的成骨效果较单独应用生物胶原膜好.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.