隐源性多灶性溃疡性狭窄性小肠炎1例

隐源性多灶性溃疡性狭窄性小肠炎(cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis,CMUSE),由于多部位、多灶性浅溃疡、多部位狭窄导致患者出现慢性、反复发作性轻中度腹痛等症状.他以对糖皮质激素治疗反应良好为特征.本文报道1例CMUSE,女性,77岁,表现为腹绞痛、肠梗阻和体重减轻、贫血、营养不良等,肠镜发现小肠多部位纤维狭窄和溃疡,对糖皮质激素治疗有反应,严重的连续多部位小肠狭窄可用双气囊小肠镜扩张治疗.总之,当有慢性、轻中度肠梗阻,多灶性小肠溃疡、多部位小肠狭窄及无确定病因时,应考虑为CMUSE.双气囊小肠镜可准确诊断,合理的内镜下治疗可减少手术,避免小肠过多切除.     

单气囊小肠镜下球囊扩张术治疗克罗恩病伴小肠狭窄初步临床研究

目的 初步探讨单气囊小肠镜辅助下球囊扩张术治疗克罗恩病伴小肠狭窄的有效性和安全性.方法 7例克罗恩病患者共行10次扩张术,男性4例,女性3例,平均年龄(37.6±13.5)岁.术前均经影像及病理检查确诊克罗恩病伴不同程度肠梗阻,共有8处严重狭窄,6处位于空肠.扩张术采用控制性径向球囊扩张器(CRE)球囊进行逐级扩张,以扩张后内镜可进入远端肠腔为标准.结果 球囊扩张术成功率达8/10,小肠狭窄平均直径由治疗前的(4.1±2.5)mm扩张至(10.2±1.5) mm(t=-8.111,P＜0.01),可进镜深度平均达62 cm,2例患者分别扩张2次及3次.所有患者术后腹痛及肠梗阻症状明显缓解,均未出现出血及穿孔等严重并发症.术后平均随访14个月,2例行手术治疗,另2例因症状复发再次行扩张治疗,中位无症状时间为15个月,70％的患者1年内无症状复发.结论 依托于单气囊小肠镜的小肠狭窄扩张术是一项内镜治疗新技术,可安全、有效地治疗克罗恩病并发的肠梗阻.     

双气囊电子小肠镜在小肠狭窄诊断中的作用

目的:比较双气囊电子小肠镜及小肠钡灌检查在疑有小肠狭窄患者中病变的检出率和诊断率,评价双气囊电子小肠镜在小肠狭窄诊断中的价值及安全性.方法:疑患小肠疾病患者76例,行双气囊电子小肠镜检查,分别经口或经肛进镜,对未检出病灶者建议择期改换进镜方式再行检查;其中疑小肠狭窄患者13例均行小肠钡灌检查.比较2种检查方法在疑小肠狭窄患者中病变的检出率、诊断率.结果:疑有小肠狭窄患者13例中有8例经口、3例经肛、2例分别经口和经肛行双气囊电子小肠镜检查,检查所用平均时间74(55-120)min,小肠狭窄病变检出率为84.6%(11/13),其中小肠肿瘤6例,克罗恩病3例,炎性狭窄2例.检出病变中双气囊电子小肠镜诊断率为69.2%(9/13),所有患者均未发生严重不良反应和并发症.疑小肠狭窄患者小肠钡灌检查的病变检出率为53.8%(7/13),其中小肠肿瘤3例,克罗恩病2例,炎性狭窄2例.在小肠钡灌检查未发现异常的6例病变中有4例在双气囊电子小肠镜检查中发现病变;3例未能正确诊断的病例在双气囊电子小肠镜检查中均得到正确诊断.双气囊电子小肠镜在小肠狭窄中的病变检出率和诊断率均明显高于小肠钡灌检查,二者均有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:双气囊电子小肠镜对小肠狭窄有较高的病变检出率和诊断率,无严重不良反应和并发症,可作为首选检查方法.     

双气囊小肠镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值

目的评价双气囊小肠镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法使用Fujinon双气囊小肠镜对我院2011年1月～2012年7月间拟诊小肠疾病的186例患者进行检查。43例患者经口进镜检查,69例患者经肛进镜检查,36例患者经口+经肛进镜检查。镜下可疑病变常规进行组织病理活检。结果 186例双气囊小肠镜检查共发现小肠病变164例,阳性率达88.2%。发现小肠肿瘤性病变28例(炎性息肉14例,间质瘤5例,黄色瘤5例,错构瘤1例,小肠腺癌1例,十二指肠恶性淋巴瘤1例,胃肠息肉病1例)。小肠炎症性病变108例,其中小肠克罗恩病17例,小肠非特异性炎症91例。小肠寄生虫病5例(包括钩虫、鞭虫)。小肠憩室13例,其中确诊小肠Meckels憩室出血1例。小肠外压性狭窄8例。小肠异物2例,均通过小肠镜异物钳成功取出异物。成功行回盲部溃疡出血小肠镜下钛夹止血治疗1例。尚未发生出血、穿孔、胰腺炎等并发症。结论双气囊小肠镜能安全、准确地检查全段小肠,并能对可疑病变取活检,明显提高了诊断的准确性及阳性率,对小肠疾病的诊断有很大应用价值。     

双气囊小肠镜在诊断小肠克罗恩病中的价值

目的 探讨双气囊小肠镜在诊断小肠克罗恩病中的价值.方法 对65例临床怀疑小肠克罗恩病的患者进行检查,并与先前进行的插管法小肠钡灌肠和胶囊内镜检查结果进行对比分析.结果 65例患者行双气囊小肠镜检查诊断为小肠克罗恩病58例,并经病理和临床随访确诊.其中45例患者首选从肛门进镜行小肠镜检查,确认克罗恩病34例（75.6%）,另11例后从口腔进镜,发现病变者8例（72.7%）;20例首选经口进镜,检出克罗恩病11例（55%）,另9例患者日后经肛进镜检查中检出5例（55.6%）.先前进行的46例小肠钡灌肠检查中,24例诊断或疑似小肠克罗恩病,诊断率为52.2%,与小肠镜结果比较,符合小肠克罗恩病诊断例数为18例,诊断正确率为75%（18/24）.22例胶囊内镜检查者中,14例诊断或疑似小肠克罗恩病,诊断率为63.6%,最终经双气囊小肠镜确诊的病例数为11例,诊断准确率为78.6%（11/14）.结论 经口和经肛方式结合能使双气囊小肠镜完成对全小肠的检查;双气囊小肠镜是小肠克罗恩病诊断的较为理想的方法,并能对病变范围和严重程度作出正确判断,插管法小肠钡灌肠是一项决定小肠镜进镜方式选择上有价值的筛选性手段.     

双气囊电子小肠镜诊断67例不明原因腹痛的价值

目的 评价双气囊电子小肠镜对不明原因慢性腹痛的诊断价值,探讨小肠病变所致腹痛病因.方法 对2005年6月至2008年6月中南大学湘雅医院67例有慢性腹痛症状,经胃镜、结肠镜、全消化道钡餐、腹部B超及心电图检查阴性的患者行双气囊电子小肠镜检查.结果 67例患者中,36例经肛进镜,19例经口进镜,12例患者接受2次检查分别经口和经肛进镜.41例发现病灶,阳性检出率为61.19%.41例病变包括克罗恩病15例(36.59%),非特异性小肠炎10例(24.39%),肿瘤8例(19.51%),其他病变8例(19.51%).结论 双气囊电子小肠镜对小肠病变所致慢性腹痛具有较高临床诊断价值.小肠克罗恩病、非特异性小肠炎及小肠肿瘤为不明原因小肠源性腹痛最常见病因.     

经内镜球囊扩张术治疗结直肠吻合口良性狭窄

目的 探讨经内镜球囊扩张术治疗结、直肠吻合良性狭窄的临床效果。方法 经肠镜球囊扩张治疗结直肠吻合口良性狭窄15例，其中乙状结肠切除患者1例，直肠前切除患14例；吻合器吻合13例，手缝2例；狭窄处直径0.2～0.7cm，狭窄长度0.5～2.0cm。结果 13例经1次扩张，2例经2次扩张，狭窄处均被扩至2～2.5cm，成功率100%，无一出现并发症。随访3～30个月，无狭窄复发 。结论 经内镜球囊扩张术是一种安全、简单、有效的方法，应成为治疗结直肠吻合口良性狭窄的首选方法。     

气囊辅助小肠镜治疗Peutz-Jeghers综合征的临床价值

目的探讨气囊辅助小肠镜治疗Peutz-Jeghers综合征(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,PJS)患者小肠息肉的临床价值与安全性。方法回顾性分析2006年6月-2014年3月在北京军区总医院就诊并行气囊辅助小肠镜下息肉切除术的28例PJS住院患者的临床资料。结果 28例患者共行气囊辅助小肠镜下息肉切除术44例次,其中经口进镜28例次,经肛进镜16例次。1例小肠息肉呈密切分布,给予腹腔镜联合小肠镜切除息肉。17例患者小肠镜前行术前检查,其中6例行小肠钡餐造影检查,11例行小肠仿真CT检查。术前检查组单次切除息肉数高于未检查组。术后出现并发症3例次(消化道出血1例次,术中穿孔2例次),并发症发生率6.8%。结论气囊辅助小肠镜下切除小肠息肉治疗PJS安全有效。术前检查有助于小肠镜进镜方式的选择。对于息肉密集分布患者,单纯镜下切除困难,可内镜联合腹腔镜治疗,一次大量切除小肠息肉,达到较好的治疗效果。     

气囊辅助小肠镜在小肠疾病诊治中的应用价值

目的评价气囊辅助小肠镜在小肠疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2011年1月-2016年1月在陆军总医院进行气囊辅助小肠镜检查的396例次患者的临床资料及小肠镜诊治资料进行回顾性分析。结果 294例患者共接受396次小肠镜检查。总体疾病检出率为64.97%,可疑小肠出血者109例,占全部受检者的37.07%。在可疑小肠出血患者中,血管发育异常、间质瘤、Meckl憩室及克罗恩病分别占19.27%、14.68%、13.76%及13.76%。75.86%的小肠克罗恩病累及回肠。小肠镜术中牵拉后解除外科术后小肠粘连性肠梗阻10例,有效率83.33%。小肠镜下治疗率28.23%。总体并发症发生率0.51%,主要为息肉切除术后穿孔。结论气囊辅助小肠镜检查是小肠疾病诊断及治疗的安全可靠方法,是可疑小肠出血的重要检查手段。小肠镜是解除外科术后小肠粘连的重要方法。     

双气囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的应用价值研究

目的评价双气囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法2007年7月至2009年11月,对141例拟诊或需排除小肠疾病的患者在静脉麻醉下进行小肠镜检查,59例单纯经口进镜,46例单纯经肛门进镜,36例经口和肛门两次进镜。结果141例患者中发现小肠疾病105例,检出率为74．5％。其中良恶性肿瘤32例,克罗恩病14例,小肠非特异性炎症17例,小肠息肉15例,小肠憩室16例,小肠血管病变9例,肠结核3例,小肠钩虫病1例。检查过程中有1例并发胰腺炎,余未发生明显并发症。结论双气囊内镜能安全快速地检查全小肠,并能准确地诊断各种小肠疾病。     

胶囊内镜检查胃肠疾病116例的临床分析

目的评价胶囊内镜对不同消化道症状并疑似小肠疾病患者的应用价值。方法对我院2010年8月至2012年6月期间进行胶囊内镜检查的116例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 116例患者完成胶囊内镜检查116例,共行116次检查,阳性检出率53.5%(62/116)。共发现小肠病变49例,小肠病变阳性率为42.2%(49/116),其中82例腹痛患者发现小肠病变33例(40.2%),12例腹泻患者发现小肠病变4例(33.3%),17例消化道出血患者发现小肠病变12例(70.6%)。其中炎性病变、隆起性病变最为常见。9例患者胶囊内镜胃内通过迟缓,1例患者胶囊内镜完全停滞于胃内,未至小肠,直至电池耗竭;3例胶囊内镜通过小肠迟缓;胶囊内镜在小肠内运行平均时间为369min。检查过程中患者无任何不适。结论胶囊内镜对不同消化道症状并疑似小肠疾病的就诊患者均有较好的诊断价值,简单、安全,并发症及风险小,依从性好。检查前充分肠道准备可提高检查质量。     

Multidisciplinary approach to management of postintubation tracheal stenoses.

The optimal management of postintubation tracheal stenosis is not well defined. A therapeutic algorithm was designed by thoracic surgeons, ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeons, anaesthetists and pulmonologists. Rigid bronchoscopy with neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser resection or stent implantation (removable stent) was proposed as first-line treatment, depending on the type of stenosis (web-like versus complex stenosis). In patients with web-like stenoses, sleeve resection was proposed when laser treatment (up to three sessions) failed. In patients with complex stenoses, operability was assessed 6 months after stent implantation. If the patient was judged operable, the stent was removed and the patient underwent surgery if the stenosis recurred. This algorithm was validated prospectively in a series of 32 consecutive patients. Three patients died from severe coexistent illness shortly after the first bronchoscopy. Of the 15 patients with web-like stenosis, laser resection was curative in 10 (66%). Among the 17 patients with complex stenoses, three remained symptom-free after stent removal. Bronchoscopy alone was thus curative in more than one-third of the patients. Six patients underwent surgery, two after failure of laser resection and four after failure of temporary stenting. Surgery was always performed with the patient in good operative condition. Palliative stenting was the definitive treatment in nine cases. Tracheostomy was the definitive solution in two cases. This approach, including an initial conservative treatment, depending on the type of the stenosis, appears to be applicable to almost all patients and allows secondary surgery to be performed with the patient in good condition.     

A simplified method for stent placement in the distal duodenum: Enteroscopy overtube

The treatment of choice for patients with unresectable neoplastic obstruction of the small intestine is the placement of expandable metal stents.However,endoscopic delivery from the distal duodenum can be more diff icult.This case,shows the usefulness and technical advantages of the overtube and single balloon enteroscopy in the treatment of neoplastic stenosis affecting the small intestine.     

Effect of infliximab on small bowel stenoses in patients with Crohn＇s disease

AIM： To assess prospectively small bowel stenoses in Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients treated with infliximab using Small Intestine Contrast Ultrasonography （SICUS）. METHODS： Twenty patients （M 12, age, 42.7 ± 11.8 years）, 15 of whom showed obstructive symptoms indicating the presence of small bowel stenosis, and 5 without stenosis, were treated with infliximab （5 mg/kg at wk 0, 2, 6 and 5 mg/kg every 8 wk thereafter） for steroid refractoriness, fistulizing disease, or to avoid high-risk surgery. SICUS was performed at the induction phase and at regular time intervals during the followup period of 34.7 ± 16.1 mo （range 7-58）. Small bowel stenoses were detected by SICUS, endoscopy and MRI. RESULTS： In no case was progression of stenoses or the appearance of new ones seen. Of the 15 patients with stenosis, 5 stopped treatment after the induction phase （2 for no response, 3 for drug intolerance, one of whom showed complete regression of one stenosis）. Among the remaining 10 patients, a complete regression of 8 stenoses （1 stenosis in 5 patients and 3 stenoses in one patient） was observed after 6-22 infliximab infusions. CONCLUSION： In patients with CD treated with infliximab we observed： （a） No progression of small bowel stenosis and no appearance of new ones, （b） Complete regression of 1/22 stenosis after the induction phase and of 8/15 （53.3%） stenosis after 6-22 infusions during maintenance therapy.     

Double Balloon Enteroscopy–The Last Blind-Point of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Technical challenges have obstructed the diagnosis and treatment of small intestine disease. An innovative form of enteroscopy—the double balloon method—permits visualization of the complete small intestine, to-and-fro examination of an area of interest, and biopsy and endoscopic procedures which are safer, faster, and less painful than earlier methods. From October 2003 to May 2004, a total of 10 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding received 12 enteroscopic examinations, 8 per oral and 4 per rectal examinations, while 2 patients received per oral enteroscopy first and further per rectal procedures 2 days later. Two cases with intestinal submucosal tumors were discovered by per oral enteroscopy, one with a 5-cm SMT with reddish mucosa at the jejunum and another with a 4-cm SMT and surface ulceration, in which the biopsy showed GIST. Both patients received an operation later. Four patients were found to have intestinal angiodysplasia in jejunum(per oral) and one in ileum (per rectal), and after local therapy bleeding stopped. Multiple angiodysplasias were observed in a patient who was operated on for active bleeding from the ileum after Indian ink tattooing. The two patients who received per oral and per rectal procedures did not display definite small intestinal lesions. All patients underwent the procedures satisfactorily without any complications, and the examination times varied from 90 to 360 min. Double balloon enteroscopy permits deep insertion of an endoscope into the small intestine without excessive stretching of the intestinal tract. This method can use either an oral or an anal approach. To-and-fro observation of almost the complete small intestine is possible, as are interventions.     

Double-balloon enteroscopy: a descriptive study of 50 explorations.

AIM: To evaluate the utility of double-balloon enteroscopy for small-bowel disease. DESIGN: A prospective study of 50 consecutive enteroscopies performed from December 2004 to July 2005 to analyze diagnoses and treatments. PATIENTS: 44 patients (33 had undergone a previous capsule endoscopy) with indications for obscure digestive hemorrhage, angiodysplasia, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, ulcer, suspected Crohn's disease, tumors, and refractory celiac disease. RESULTS: We carried out enteroscopy studies in 44 patients by the oral route and, in 6 additional patients, by both the oral and anal routes. We reached the ileon with the oral route in all cases but one (jejunal stenosis), and in 4 cases out of 7 with the anal route, with an average duration of 73 minutes. We found angiodysplasia in 19 cases, as well as NSAID-related enteropathy, Crohn's disease, diverticulosis, and Waldenstr?m's disease. We performed biopsies in 31% of cases with diagnoses of adenocarcinoma, lymphangiectasia secondary to tumor in celiac disease, and Whipple's disease. We treated 19 patients with angiodysplasia (1 to 20 synchronous lesions) with argon, and 4 patients with polyps using polipectomy (sporadic polyps or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome). A retained capsule in one patient with stenosis was removed. CONCLUSIONS: Double-balloon enteroscopy is a useful and effective technique in the diagnosis and treatment of small intestine diseases, thus complementing capsule endoscopy. More studies are needed to analyze its impact on the management of this condition.     

双气囊小肠镜在68例小肠疾病诊断中的价值

目的 评价双气囊小肠镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值及安全性和耐受性.方法 2003年5月至2005年7月,对68例经常规检查无异常发现、疑患小肠疾病患者进行双气囊小肠镜检查,其中不明原因反复消化道出血39例、不完全性小肠梗阻7例、慢性腹痛14例、慢性腹泻8例.结果 68例患者中,36例经口进镜,25例经肛进镜,7例患者分别经口及经肛进镜检查.除3例因肠腔狭窄中止进镜外,其余病例均能检查1/2-3/4的小肠,7例患者结合经口及经肛途径完成全小肠检查.68例患者中41例检出阳性病灶,总阳性率为60.3%;其中不明原因消化道出血阳性率为62.6%（26/39）,不完全性小肠梗阻阳性5例,慢性腹痛阳性率为43%（6/14）,慢性腹泻阳性4例.除11例经口进镜者行异丙芬静脉全身麻醉外,其他经口及经肛进镜患者均能耐受整个检查,未出现出血、穿孔等严重并发症.结论 双气囊小肠镜是一种对小肠疾病诊断价值较高、安全可靠的检查手段.     

The role of video capsule endoscopy for evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: usefulness of early use

Background We report our preliminary experience with the use of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in 64 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) and suspected small intestine disease.Methods To be eligible for VCE, patients had to have undergone upper endoscopy, small bowel series, and colonscopy without discovering any source of bleeding. To find the best timing to perform VCE, the patients were retrospectively divided in two groups of 32 cases each: group 1 with patients who had been submitted to VCE within 15 days from OGIB diagnosis, and group 2 with patients who had been submitted to VCE at least 15 days after OGIB diagnosis.Results Lesions were found by VCE in 29 (91%) in group 1: angioectasia-like lesions of the small bowel in 12, some erosions of the ileum without signs of bleeding in 14, a polyp with erosions in 1, and a bleeding site where the surgery showed a tumor of the ileum in 2 patients. In 2 cases, VCE missed showing two small tumors that were revealed by laparoscopy in 1 case and by push enteroscopy in the other. In group 2, lesions were found by VCE in 11 (34%): angioectasia-like lesions of the small bowel in 6, some erosions in 3, a short segmental stenosis in 1, and two polyps in 1. In 1 case, VCE missed showing a small polyp in the jejunum that was revealed by push enteroscopy. In none of these cases was a bleeding site identified. VCE was well tolerated and able to acquire good images in patients with OGIB. It showed lesions in 91% of the patients in group 1 and 34% of cases in group 2.Conclusions Our data suggest that the optimal timing to perform VCE is within a few days after the occurrence of bleeding, possibly within 2 weeks.     

Ileus secondary to wireless capsule enteroscopy

Wireless capsule enteroscopy, being a novel, painless investigative technique, is reported to be significantly superior to push enteroscopy in its ability to find bleeding abnormalities in the small intestine. Here we report a case of acute jejunal obstruction following wireless capsule endoscopy. The patient had a 1-month history of gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown source. Further evaluation including gastroscopy and colonoscopy, angiography and computed tomography (angio–CT), and radio-labeled erythrocytes scan failed to reveal a source of bleeding. Therefore, wireless capsule enteroscopy was performed. Before capsule endoscopy, there was no clinical or imaging evidence of strictures or stenosis. At readmission it could be shown that there were two inflamed strictures of the small intestine. The capsule was detected at a stricture of the small intestine detected by abdominal ultrasonography and conventional computed tomography. The patient underwent a medical treatment with steroidal and other anti-inflammatory drugs for a total of 23 days and was discharged without complaints. Acute laparotomy after readmission with jejunal ileus proofed the capsule occluding two highly inflamed jejunal stenosis caused by Crohn disease. The present case demonstrates the potential for complications when wireless capsule enteroscopy is performed in the presence of intestinal strictures. Any history of inflammatory bowel disease, abdominal irradiation, cancer, obstruction, and abdominal surgery must be elicited in detail and may exclude the use of wireless capsule enteroscopy.     

Infliximab induces remission in cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis:First case

We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting.Based on wireless video capsule findings he was previously diagnosed with ileal Crohn’s disease at a different institution,although the clinical and radiological picture was not typical and the response to corticosteroids was poor.We performed a single-balloon enteroscopy showing a short,ulcerous stenosis 50 cm proximal from Bauhin’s valve.The endoscopic and clinical histopathological findings were compatible with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(CMUSE).High dose corticosteroids were again started,without effect.The monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) antibody infliximab was added to the medical therapy.After induction therapy,both clinical and endoscopic amelioration was obtained.Larger case studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of TNF-α inhibition in steroid refractory CMUSE.