阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对比分析

目的探讨阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的临床效果及安全性。方法将190例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、不良反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果阿立哌唑组治疗总有效率为80.21%,利培酮组为80.85%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但阿立哌唑组的不良反应稍低于利培酮组(P<0.05)。结论阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效相当,且阿立哌唑不良反应少。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:将72例精神分裂症患者分为阿立哌唑组(n=36)和利培酮组(n=36)进行治疗,疗程8周。在治疗前及治疗后第1、2、4、8周末采用阳性阴性症状量表(PANSS)及不良反应量表(TESS)评定其疗效及药物不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑组有效率为63.9%,利培酮组有效率为61.1%,两组疗效差异无显著性。两药均无严重不良反应,但阿立哌唑组肌强直、静坐不能以及泌乳、月经紊乱的发生率明显低于利培酮组(P<0.05)。结论:阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症均有效,前者不良反应更少、更安全。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的：比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效。方法：72例符合CCMD-3精神分裂症患者分为2组各36例，分别予阿立哌唑(A组)和利培酮(B组)治疗6周，采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表及不良反应症状量表评定疗效与副反应。结果：2组疗效及不良反应发生率比较差异无显著性意义。结论：阿立哌唑和利培酮对精神分裂症疗效相当，副反应差异亦不显著；但在锥体外系反应、内分泌改变及体重增加方面，阿立哌唑优于利培酮。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症对照观察

目的 探讨阿立哌唑治疗女性精神分裂症的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将124例女性精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,每组62例.阿立哌唑组口服阿立哌唑治疗,利培酮组口服利培酮治疗.观察8周.于治疗前及治疗第2周、4周、8周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应.结果 治疗8周末,阿立哌唑组显效率70.97%、有效率90.32%,利培酮组分别为64.52%、87.10%,两组比较差异均无显著性(χ2=0.59、0.32,P＞0.05);两组不良反应均轻微,但阿立哌唑组锥体外系反应、体质量增加、泌乳和闭经等不良反应发生率低于利培酮组.结论 阿立哌唑治疗女性精神分裂症患者疗效显著,与利培酮疗效相当,且安全性更高.     

阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的：对比阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法：分别用阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症各32例，采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)，副反应量表(TESS)，在治疗前及治疗后第1、2、6、8周末分别评定疗效及不良反应。结果：阿立哌唑有效率93．75％，显效率68.75％，利培酮有效率96.88％，显效率71．88％。两组治疗后与治疗前的PANSS评分比较差异有显著性。阿立哌唑与利培酮疗效相仿，而阿立哌唑不良反应少而轻。结论：阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症疗效好，且安全性较高。     

阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的随机双盲对照试验

【目的】评价阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。【方法】收集精神分裂症患者38例,采用随机、双盲、双模拟、利培酮平行对照研究,阿立哌唑组18例与利培酮组20例分别口服阿立哌唑10~30 mg/d与利培酮2~6 mg/d,疗程42 d。【结果】治疗结束时,两组PANSS总分与BPRS总分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.01);阿立哌唑组与利培酮组PANSS总分减分率分别为(72.3±21.1)%和(66.2±31.4)%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。临床总有效率:阿立哌唑组88.9%,利培酮组65.0%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。阿立哌唑常见的不良反应为:失眠、心动过速、口干、肌强直、便秘、震颤,发生率与利培酮相当。【结论】国产阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应与利培酮相似,是一种安全而有效的抗精神病药。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将100例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组各50例,分别给予阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗,疗程6w。于治疗前及治疗2w、4w、6w末采用阳性与阴性症状量表、副反应量表评定临床疗效及不良反应。结果治疗6w末阿立哌唑组显效率80%,有效率90%;利培酮组分别为84%和96%,两组差异均无显著性(χ2=0.271,1.382,P均>0.05)。阳性与阴性症状量表评分于治疗第2w末起两组总分及各因子分均较治疗前有显著下降,并随着治疗时间的延长,疗效进一步增加,同期组间比较差异无显著性。均未发生严重不良反应,但阿立哌唑组锥体外系症状、体重增加发生率显著低于利培酮组,心动过速发生率显著高于利培酮组(P<0.01)。结论阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当,安全性高,依从性好。     

阿立哌唑与哌罗匹隆治疗精神分裂症对比分析

目的探讨阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的临床效果及安全性。方法将278例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予阿立哌唑与哌罗匹隆治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果阿立哌唑组治疗总有效率为82.6%,哌罗匹隆组为82.1%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但阿立哌唑组的不良反应低于哌罗匹隆组(P<0.05)。结论阿立哌唑与哌罗匹隆治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效相当,且阿立哌唑不良反应少。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症对照研究

目的：比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法：对60例老年期精神分裂症的住院患者随机分为两组，分别用阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效，用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂痖患者的临床疗效差异无显著性。阿立哌唑不良反应均少而轻。结论：阿立哌唑治疗老年期精神分裂症疗效好，起效快，不良反应少。     

阿立哌唑及利培酮治疗男性精神分裂症的疗效及对性功能的影响

[目的]探讨阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及对男性性功能的影响.[方法]将84例已婚男性精神分裂症患者随机分为两组各42例,分别给予阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗,疗程12周.于治疗前及治疗4周、6周、12周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)及性功能评定评价临床疗效及不良反应.[结果]治疗12周末阿立哌唑组显效率81%,有效率92.9%;利培酮组显效率78.6%,有效率90.5%,两组显效率与有效率比较差异均无显著性(P均>0.05).治疗12周后阿立哌唑组性唤起因子分、性功能总分显著高于利培酮组(P<0.01).在入组后4周,8周及12周,利培酮组的性欲、性唤起、性高潮及性功能总分均显著低于基线值(P<0.01).[结论]阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当,安全性高,对男性性功能影响小,依从性好     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.