BrainHQ视觉训练对脑卒中患者记忆功能的影响

目的:观察BrainHQ视觉训练对脑卒中患者记忆功能的影响。方法:收集唐山市工人医院康复医院脑卒中记忆障碍患者60例,采用分层随机的方法分为对照组(n=30)和干预组(n=30),对照组进行常规康复治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上加用BrainHQ视觉训练,每次30min,5次/周,共4周。干预前及干预后分别对两组患者进行Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版(Rivermead behavioral memory test-second edition,RBMT-Ⅱ)的测评。结果:干预4周后,干预组在回忆姓名、回忆预约、脸部再认、立即回忆故事、故事延迟回忆、立即回忆路线、路线延迟回忆及总标准分8项较对照组评分显著提高,差异有显著性意义(P0.01或P0.05)。结论:BrainHQ视觉训练可改善脑卒中患者的行为记忆能力。     

互动式头针治疗脑卒中后运动功能障碍的效果

目的观察互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能障碍的效果。方法36 例脑卒中患者被随机分为对照组(n=19)和治疗组(n=17)。对照组采用传统头针结合康复训练,治疗组采用互动式头针结合康复训练。共1 个月。采用Fugl-Meyer 评定量表(FMA)、Wolf 运动功能测试量表(WMFT)、改良Barthel 指数(MBI)评定治疗前后运动功能、日常生活活动能力。结果治疗后,两组FMA、WMFT、MBI 评分均明显提高(P<0.01)。两组间FMA下肢运动功能评分、MBI 评分治疗前后差值比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);而FMA上肢运动功能评分、WMFT评分治疗前后差值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能、日常生活活动能力的改善优于传统头针治疗。     

头皮针对脑卒中康复期患者认知与运动功能障碍疗效观察

目的观察头皮针治疗对脑卒中康复期患者认知功能与运动功能障碍的疗效。方法将80例有认知障碍的脑卒中康复期患者随机分为头针组（n=41）和对照组（n=39）。两组患者均予神经内科常规治疗及康复训练,头针组在此基础上进行头皮针治疗。治疗前及治疗3个月后采用事件相关电位P300潜伏期和波幅测定、Fugl-Meyer运动功能积分（FMA）、Barthel指数（BI）,分别对患者进行认知功能、运动功能和日常生活活动（ADL）能力评定。结果治疗后,P300潜伏期头针组平均缩短38ms,对照组平均缩短17ms,头针组改善幅度优于对照组（P〈0.05）;FMA及BI评分头针组改善幅度亦优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论头皮针能有效改善脑卒中康复期患者的认知功能,促进运动功能和ADL能力的恢复。     

高低音频转换训练对乳腺癌化疗患者认知及记忆功能的影响

目的:观察音频转换训练对乳腺癌化疗患者记忆功能的影响.方法:收集2016年10月—2017年9月唐山市人民医院乳腺癌化疗且存在认知及记忆功能障碍的患者120例,随机分为空白对照组(n=40)、对照组(n=40)和试验组(n=40)。空白对照组给予乳腺癌化疗常规护理,对照组在空白对照组基础上采用普通音乐训练,试验组在空白对照组基础上采用高低音频转换训练。干预前、后分别对三组患者进行蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(Mo CA)中文版及Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版(Rivermead behavioral memory test-second edition,RBMT-Ⅱ)的测评。结果:干预后,试验组蒙特利尔总分较干预前显著提高,均高于对照组和空白对照组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);试验组、对照组RBMT-Ⅱ总分较干预前均有提高,空白对照组RBMT-Ⅱ总分较干预前显著下降,且干预后试验组记忆患者12项RBMT—Ⅱ总分均高于对照组和空白对照组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:音频转换训练可以有效改善乳腺癌化疗患者的认知及记忆功能,且简便易行,值得推广应用。     

音乐疗法在脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能康复中的应用

目的观察音乐疗法联合常规康复训练对脑卒中后偏瘫患者肢体运动功能及日常生活能力的影响。方法选取本院收治的脑卒中后偏瘫患者58例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=29)和对照组(n=29)。对照组接受常规康复训练,观察组接受常规康复训练联合音乐疗法。两组患者主动运动训练时长保持一致。治疗4周后,比较两组患者偏瘫肢体上、下肢运动功能(FMA)评分和日常生活能力(ADL)评分。结果治疗后,两组患者上、下肢(FMA)评分及日常生活能力(ADL)评分均明显提高(P0.01);组间比较,观察组上、下肢FMA评分均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论常规康复训练联合音乐疗法能有效提高偏瘫患者肢体运动功能及日常生活能力。     

互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能的影响

目的:探讨互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能的影响;探索针刺与康复治疗技术有机结合的新途径;为进一步开展脑卒中患者互动式头针治疗的随机对照临床研究提供依据。方法:将60例脑卒中患者,随机分为治疗组(N=30)和对照组(N=30)。治疗组采用互动式头针结合康复训练,对照组采用单纯康复训练。互动式头针治疗隔日1次,康复训练每日1次,共观察3个月。运用运动评估量表(MAS)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定表对治疗前后运动功能、日常生活活动能力动态改变以评分法进行测评。结果:两组患者组内治疗前后MAS积分、MBI积分均有明显提高(P<0.01);两组患者治疗前后MAS积分、MBI积分增长幅度比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能、日常生活活动能力均产生积极的影响;临床开展互动式头针治疗脑卒中大样本、多中心的随机、对照研究具有重要意义。     

系统性康复护理对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者记忆力的影响

目的:探讨脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者接受系统性康复护理对改善其记忆力的效果。方法:选择2017年10月～2018年10月收治的80例脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者进行研究,按照患者接受护理的不同方式分为观察组和对照组各40例,分别接受系统性康复护理、常规康复护理;比较两组记忆力[采用行为记忆测验第2版(RBMT-Ⅱ)]、认知功能[采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)]、生活自理能力(采用Barthel指数评定量表)。结果:护理2个月后,两组RBMT-Ⅱ评分、MoCA评分、生活自理能力评分均明显高于护理前(P0.05),且观察组高于对照组同期(P0.05)。结论:对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者实施系统性康复护理,能明显改善患者记忆力,提升患者认知功能,值得临床推广。     

阶段性语言康复训练在脑卒中后失语症患者中的应用

目的探讨阶段性语言康复训练对促进老年脑卒中后失语症患者语言功能恢复的效果。方法于2017年6月—2018年6月,选择上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院急诊观察室收治的脑卒中后失语症患者60例。采用简单随机法将其分为观察组(n=30)、对照组(n=30),研究过程中共失访10例,最终纳入研究的患者中观察组26例、对照组24例。对照组给予常规治疗和护理,观察组实施阶段性语言康复训练干预。比较两组患者自发语、理解、复述、命名方面的语言功能及患者满意度。结果入组时,两组患者语言功能得分比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。干预3个月后,两组患者语言功能中理解、复述、命名得分均较入组时提高(P0.05),观察组的自发语得分也较入组时提高(P0.05);观察组语言功能中自发语、理解、复述、命名得分均高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者语言康复、自理能力、社会功能、生存质量方面的满意度得分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论阶段性语言康复训练应用于老年脑卒中后失语症患者中,能有效促进患者语言功能恢复,提高患者及家属的满意度。     

虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者上肢功能及日常生活活动能力的效果

目的观察虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者上肢功能及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法 2015年10月~2016年5月,60例脑卒中患者随机分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30)。两组均接受针刺及常规康复治疗,观察组另外增加虚拟现实技术康复训练,每天20 min,每周5 d,共4周。治疗前后分别采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)评定上肢及手的运动功能,改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定日常生活活动能力。结果治疗前,两组患者FMA-UE、MBI评分无显著性差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组均明显提高(t3.120,P0.01),观察组高于对照组(t2.510,P0.05)。结论虚拟现实技术可促进脑卒中患者上肢功能改善,提高日常生活活动能力。     

个体音乐治疗联合常规康复训练对脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者的影响

目的:观察个体音乐治疗联合常规康复训练对脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者肢体痉挛程度及运动功能的影响。方法:将40例脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者随机分为观察组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。对照组接受常规康复训练,观察组接受常规康复训练联合个体音乐治疗。两组患者主动运动训练时长保持一致。分别于治疗前和治疗4周后比较两组患者偏瘫肢体肘、膝关节肌张力(MAS)评分和上、下肢运动功能(FMA)评分。结果:治疗前,两组患者肘、膝关节MAS评分和上、下肢FMA评分差异无显著性意义,组间具有可比性。治疗后,两组患者肘、膝关节MAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P0.01),上、下肢FMA评分均明显提高(P0.01);组间比较,观察组肘、膝关节MAS评分和上、下肢FMA评分均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:常规康复训练联合个体音乐治疗能更有效降低脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者的肘、膝关节痉挛程度,提高偏瘫肢体运动功能。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.