湖南中学生卫生习惯与校园欺凌行为关系

目的探索中学生卫生习惯和校园欺凌行为的关联性。方法本文所使用的数据来自2018年4—7月对8 224名中学生开展的自评估调查。研究采用分阶段整群抽样方法,了解湖南省中学生卫生习惯和校园欺凌行为发生情况,并分析其关联性。结果在调查的中学生中,刷牙习惯保持良好的学生所占比例为54.3%,洗手习惯保持良好的学生所占比例为57.1%。刷牙习惯不同在遭受肢体欺凌和实施肢体、关系、网络欺凌上具有统计学差异(P 0.05);洗手习惯不同在遭受言语、肢体、网络欺凌和实施言语、肢体、关系、网络欺凌上具有统计学差异(P 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果进一步证实,洗手习惯不良(OR=1.476,95%CI=1.303～1.672)是造成中学生遭受校园欺凌影响因素。同时,洗手习惯不良(OR=1.575,95%CI=1.280～1.936)导致中学生实施校园欺凌的风险增加。结论中学生卫生习惯中洗手习惯与校园欺凌行为之间存在关联,预防校园欺凌可以从培养良好的卫生习惯着手。     

青少年传统欺凌、网络欺凌与心理健康的关系研究

目的 调查青少年受欺凌的流行特点,探究遭受传统欺凌、网络欺凌以及欺凌数量对青少年心理健康的影响。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,分别选取华中某市城市、农村青少年3 174名。采用自制受欺凌问卷和《中国中学生心理健康量表》(MMHI - 60)调查青少年校园欺凌及心理健康状况。结果 13.4%(424/3 174)的青少年至少遭受过一种类型的校园欺凌,其中受言语欺凌报告率最高(9.9%),网络欺凌最低(2.9%);受欺凌报告率男生高于女生(χ2 = 6.48,P = 0.011),七年级最高21.6%(114/3 174)。心理健康问题的检出率为10.3%（328/3 174）;受任意类型的欺凌均与心理健康问题相关,遭受多种类型欺凌者发生心理健康问题的风险高于单一受欺凌者;传统欺凌(言语欺凌、躯体欺凌、关系欺凌)对心理健康的独立影响高于网络欺凌。结论 青少年遭受欺凌与心理健康问题的产生密切相关,传统欺凌仍然是影响青少年心理健康的重要因素,应积极治理校园欺凌,促进青少年心理健康发展。     

大学生网络欺凌与自杀行为关联性研究

目的了解太原市大学生网络欺凌的流行状况及其与自杀行为的关系,为促进青少年身心健康提供科学依据。方法于2018年5-7月采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在山西省6所大学的大二、大三年级各随机选取2个院(系)共4 012名学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括基本人口统计学特征、网络使用情况、网络欺凌情况、自杀行为等。结果大学生网络欺凌的总报告率为19.42%,其中网络欺凌、受网络欺凌、欺凌-受欺凌报告率分别为1.60%,11.49%和6.16%,自杀行为总报告率为10.87%。Logistic回归分析表明,受网络欺凌、欺凌-受欺凌与自杀行为均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.82,2.97,P值均<0.05)。结论大学生网络欺凌行为尤其是遭受网络欺凌或同时实施和遭受网络欺凌可能会增加学生自杀行为的风险。在降低网络欺凌行为发生的同时,更应该关注遭受网络欺凌学生的心理健康,减少自杀等健康危险行为的发生。     

中低收入国家遭受校园欺凌与青少年学生心理健康的关系

  目的  了解中低收入国家青少年遭受校园欺凌的发生率及其与青少年学生心理健康的关系,为青少年校园欺凌防控与心理健康干预提供参考。  方法  数据来源于19个中低收入国家2009—2015年全球校园健康调查,共22 963名13~17岁中学生。采用二元Logistic回归分析遭受校园欺凌的影响因素,多元线性回归分析遭受校园欺凌与心理健康的关系。  结果  学生心理健康平均得分为(5.75±2.09)分,有35.1%的学生报告曾遭受校园欺凌,低收入和中等收入国家学生遭受过校园欺凌的比例分别为39.4%,34.3%。低年级、超重、家庭经济状况差、家庭学习和心理支持低、感知家庭关系较差、逃学多、同学关系差的学生更容易遭受校园欺凌(P值均 < 0.05),遭受校园欺凌与女生的不利心理健康状态呈正相关(B=1.27,P < 0.01)。  结论  遭受校园欺凌在低收入国家更为普遍,且对女性心理健康的负面影响更大。需要对低收入国家和女性青少年学生群体中的校园欺凌问题给予更多地关注,采取具有成本效益的干预措施,以减少或减轻欺凌的后果。     

湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌现况及其影响因素。方法 于2018年4—7月，在湖南省采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取1 506名双亲留守儿童作为研究对象，采用Olweus欺凌问卷进行匿名问卷调查。结果 湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受、实施校园欺凌检出率分别为20.39%和5.64%，遭受言语欺凌为湖南省双亲留守儿童最常见受欺凌类型（17.60%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男生（OR=2.116,95%CI=1.471～3.045）、经常玩暴力游戏（OR=1.624,95%CI=1.040～2.536）、很少或从未与外出父母联系（OR=1.528,95%CI=1.066～2.189）、父母或主要监护人经常相互吵架（OR=3.127,95%CI=1.659～5.895）、无学校安全感（OR=1.876,95%CI=1.290～2.728）、感知班级氛围不和谐（OR=1.604,95%CI=1.138～2.261）是双亲留守儿童校园遭受欺凌的危险因素。结论 湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌情况较为普遍，校园欺凌的预防和干预应从个人、家庭、学校多个层面提出针对性措施。     

中学生校园欺凌现状及其与家庭因素的关联性分析

目的 调查大连市中学生校园欺凌行为的特点,分析校园欺凌行为的家庭影响因素并发现重点人群,提出有效干预措施。方法 2020年10-11月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取大连市1 423名中学生,调查过去12个月校园欺凌的发生情况,调查内容包括基本信息及学生健康行为调查表(包括躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌)。采用AMOS 22.0建立结构方程模型,对校园欺凌相关影响因素的作用途径和作用效应进行分析。结果 大连市中学生遭受校园欺凌报告率为10.8%(154/1 423)。非独生子女中学生遭受躯体欺凌的发生率(4.3%)高于独生子女中学生(2.4%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);在家庭中经常受到责罚的中学生遭受躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌率高于从不、偶尔受到责罚的中学生(χ²=42.906,P<0.001);学习成绩在班级前茅的学生遭受躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌率均低于在班级中占中上、中等、中下、后面的学生(χ²=50.537,P<0.001)。结构方程模型结果显示,母亲文化程度(P=0.049)、父亲文化程度(P...     

湘西地区高职院校留守与非留守学生遭受校园欺凌现状及影响因素分析

了解湘西地区高职院校留守与非留守学生遭受校园欺凌现状及影响因素,为贫困地区高职院校开展校园欺凌防控提供参考.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取湘西地区1 241名高职院校学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括学生人口学基本特征、健康相关行为及遭受校园欺凌情况.学生遭受校园欺凌报告率各组之间的比较采用x2检验,使用Logistic回归分析学生遭受校园欺凌的影响因素.结果 高职院校学生遭受校园欺凌的报告率为41.82%,其中留守学生的报告率(45.05%)高于非留守学生(39.21%),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.29,P<0.05).多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,男生、父母关系好与留守学生遭受校园欺凌呈负相关(OR值分别为0.55,0.47),生源地为农村、5年高职、吸烟、饮酒、游戏成瘾与留守学生遭受校园欺凌呈正相关(OR值分别为1.93,2.57,2.51,3.95,4.73);与母亲关系好与非留守学生遭受校园欺凌呈负相关(OR=0.40),吸烟、饮酒、游戏成瘾与非留守学生遭受校园欺凌呈正相关(OR值分别为1.86,2.32,3.81)(P值均<0.05).结论 湘西地区高职院校学生遭受校园欺凌情况不容乐观,留守学生的报告率高于非留守学生,且受不同因素影响.应尽快开展政府、学校、家庭三方共同干预措施.     

广州留守与非留守儿童校园受欺凌情况及其影响因素

了解广州市留守与非留守儿童校园受欺凌的发生情况及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的干预策略提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样方法,抽取广州市10所学校的三至十二年级5 158名中小学生进行问卷调查.调查内容包括人口学资料、个人行为及校园受欺凌情况.采用多因素Logistic回归分析等方法对留守和非留守儿童发生校园受欺凌的影响因素进行探讨.结果 儿童校园受欺凌行为的报告率为14.19%,其中留守儿童的报告率(23.05%)高于非留守儿童(13.02%).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭关系一般或常有矛盾、父亲饮酒是留守儿童遭受校园欺凌的危险因素(OR值分别为2.447,3.051,1.624);男童、小学、家庭关系一般或常有矛盾、母亲饮酒、本人吸烟或饮酒是非留守儿童遭受校园欺凌的危险因素(OR值分别为1.473,1.417,2.442,1.969,1.941,1.671).结论 中小学生遭受校园欺凌的情况比较普遍,留守儿童的报告率高于非留守儿童,且受不同因素影响.应制定有针对性的干预策略来预防校园受欺凌行为的发生,以保障儿童青少年的健康成长.     

儿童期受虐待经历对大学生遭受网络欺凌的关联性研究

目的探讨儿童期受虐待经历对大学生遭受网络欺凌的影响。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山西省6所大学4,040名大二、大三年级在校学生进行问卷调查。结果儿童期遭受的虐待中报告率最高的是躯体忽视(36.3%),其次是情感忽视(21.5%)、性虐待(17.2%)、躯体虐待(12.1%)、情感虐待(6.6%)。大学生遭受的网络欺凌各因子均分分别为:隐匿身份(1.79±0.82)分、网络言语欺凌(1.54±0.64)分、网络伪造欺诈(1.49±0.64)分。经t检验,男生遭受的网络欺凌各因子得分及总得分高于女生,父母离异的学生高于父母未离异的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);独生子女遭受的网络言语欺凌均分高于非独生子女(P0.05)。多重线性回归模型显示:儿童期的情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待及躯体忽视经历是大学生遭受网络欺凌的危险因素。结论儿童期受虐待经历会对大学生遭受网络欺凌产生一定的影响,且随着受虐待程度的增加,大学生遭受网络欺凌的严重程度也会增加。     

中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别差异

  目的  探讨中学生健康素养和遭受欺凌的关联及其性别间的差异, 为改善青少年遭受欺凌提供依据。  方法  2017年11月至2018年1月采用多阶段整群抽样方法, 在安徽省合肥市、辽宁省沈阳市、广东省阳江市和重庆市抽取18 900名中学生进行问卷调查。采用自填式问卷调查研究对象的基本特征、健康素养水平和遭受欺凌情况, 比较不同特征中学生遭受欺凌检出率的差异, 并分析健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别间的差异。  结果  中学生遭受校园欺凌和网络欺凌的检出率分别为15.8%和9.1%。男生、初中生、家庭经济状况较差和亲密伙伴个数较少的学生遭受校园欺凌的检出率分别为28.0%, 18.8%, 23.3%和33.6%, 分别高于女生、高中、家庭经济状况良好和亲密伙伴个数较多的学生(χ2值分别为225.64, 148.07, 141.13, 143.49, P值均<0.01);男生、家庭经济状况较差和亲密伙伴个数较少的学生遭受网络欺凌的检出率分别为10.9%, 14.4%和20.1%, 分别高于女生、家庭经济状况良好和亲密伙伴个数较多的学生(χ2值分别为62.96, 112.82, 88.49, P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归显示, 除体力活动维度外, 总体及各维度健康素养得分越低的学生越容易遭受校园欺凌和网络欺凌, 且在健康素养各水平组中, 男生均比女生易遭受欺凌(P值均<0.05)。  方法  中学生健康素养和遭受欺凌有关联且存在性别差异, 可通过提高学生的健康素养水平改善欺凌的发生。     

Different forms of bullying and their association to smoking and drinking behavior in Italian adolescents

BACKGROUND: Using data from the 2006 Health Behavior in School‐aged Children (HBSC) survey, the prevalence of 6 forms of bullying (physical, verbal, relational, sexual, cyber, and racist), and the role of smoking and drinking in bullying was examined among Italian adolescents for this study. METHODS: The sample was composed of 2667 Italian middle and secondary school students (49.9% girls) randomly selected. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to measure physical, verbal, relational, sexual, cyber, and racist forms of bullying. For each form, 3 categories were created and compared with students “not involved in bullying”: bully, victim, and bully‐victim. Logistic regressions were applied to test the connections among the 3 forms of involvement in different types of bullying and smoking and drinking. RESULTS: Prevalence of having been bullied or having bullied others at school at least once in the last 2 months was 11.6% for physical, 52% for verbal, 47.9% for relational, 18.5% for sexual, 19.4% for cyber, and 9.4% for racist bullying. Compared to girls, boys were more likely to be involved in physical bullying; moreover, boys were more involved as bullies in verbal, sexual, cyber, and racist bullying. In contrast, girls were more likely to be victims of verbal, relational, sexual, and cyber bullying than were boys. Logistic regressions showed the connection between the different forms of involvement in bullying and smoking and drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that all forms of bullying behavior are associated with legal substance use. Implication for prevention program was discussed.     

安徽省职业学院学生睡眠障碍现状及影响因素分析

了解职业学院学生睡眠质量水平及影响因素,为改善学生睡眠质量和促进身心健康发展提供科学依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法选取安徽省5座城市的5所职业学院10 158名学生为调查对象,调查内容包括一般情况、吸烟、饮酒、网络欺凌、睡眠质量等.结果 学生存在睡眠障碍的有1 417名(13.9%),男生和女生网络欺凌者睡眠障碍的发生率分别为24.4%,32.7%,均高于无网络欺凌者中睡眠障碍的发生率(12.1%,14.6%)(x2值分别为22.516,41.390,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,家庭人均月收入较高、学习成绩好、父母管教一般是睡眠障碍的保护因素,性别为女性、饮酒、网络欺凌、学习成绩差、隔代家庭结构是睡眠障碍的危险因素(P值均<0.05).结论 安徽省职业学院学生中存在睡眠障碍的现象,有网络欺凌、饮酒、学习成绩差和隔代家庭结构的学生应作为睡眠障碍干预的重点人群.     

The association between bullying and psychological health among senior high school students in Ghana, West Africa

BACKGROUND: School‐based bullying, a global challenge, negatively impacts the health and development of both victims and perpetrators. This study examined the relationship between bullying victimization and selected psychological variables among senior high school (SHS) students in Ghana, West Africa. METHODS: This study utilized data from the 2008 Ghana Global School‐based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Prevalence rates of being bullied (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated by each demographic group, as well as each psychological variable. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the relationship of being bullied (physical/nonphysical) on the linear combination of demographic variables. RESULTS: A total of 7137 students participated in the 2008 GSHS with 40.1% reporting being bullied. Senior high school‐level 1 (lowest grade) students were 3 (95% CI: 2.45‐3.68) times more likely to be bullied compared with SHS level 3 (highest grade) students. Victims of bullying were significantly more likely to report negative psychological health compared with those who reported not being bullied. Odds ratios were as follows: signs of depression, 1.97 (95% CI: 1.75‐2.21); suicide ideation, 1.72 (95% CI: 1.45‐2.05); being so worried that it affects sleep, 2.10 (95% CI: 1.77‐2.49); and loneliness, 1.82 (95% CI: 1.49‐2.22). There was no significant difference in self‐reports of negative psychological health when comparing students who experienced physical forms with those who were bullied in nonphysical ways. CONCLUSION: Bullying victimization is a major problem among SHS students. We recommend strengthening of existing proactive anti‐bullying programs by taking into account the association between bullying and the psychological health of students.     

Reprint of: bullying victimisation, self harm and associated factors in Irish adolescent boys

School bullying victimisation is associated with poor mental health and self harm. However, little is known about the lifestyle factors and negative life events associated with victimisation, or the factors associated with self harm among boys who experience bullying. The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence of bullying in Irish adolescent boys, the association between bullying and a broad range of risk factors among boys, and factors associated with self harm among bullied boys and their non-bullied peers. Analyses were based on the data of the Irish centre of the Child and Adolescent Self Harm in Europe (CASE) study (boys n = 1870). Information was obtained on demographic factors, school bullying, deliberate self harm and psychological and lifestyle factors including negative life events. In total 363 boys (19.4%) reported having been a victim of school bullying at some point in their lives. The odds ratio of lifetime self harm was four times higher for boys who had been bullied than those without this experience. The factors that remained in the multivariate logistic regression model for lifetime history of bullying victimisation among boys were serious physical abuse and self esteem. Factors associated with self harm among bullied boys included psychological factors, problems with schoolwork, worries about sexual orientation and physical abuse, while family support was protective against self harm. Our findings highlight the mental health problems associated with victimisation, underlining the importance of anti-bullying policies in schools. Factors associated with self harm among boys who have been bullied should be taken into account in the identification of boys at risk of self harm.     

Bullying victimisation,self harm and associated factors in Irish adolescent boys

School bullying victimisation is associated with poor mental health and self harm. However, little is known about the lifestyle factors and negative life events associated with victimisation, or the factors associated with self harm among boys who experience bullying. The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence of bullying in Irish adolescent boys, the association between bullying and a broad range of risk factors among boys, and factors associated with self harm among bullied boys and their non-bullied peers. Analyses were based on the data of the Irish centre of the Child and Adolescent Self Harm in Europe (CASE) study (boys n = 1870). Information was obtained on demographic factors, school bullying, deliberate self harm and psychological and lifestyle factors including negative life events. In total 363 boys (19.4%) reported having been a victim of school bullying at some point in their lives. The odds ratio of lifetime self harm was four times higher for boys who had been bullied than those without this experience. The factors that remained in the multivariate logistic regression model for lifetime history of bullying victimisation among boys were serious physical abuse and self esteem. Factors associated with self harm among bullied boys included psychological factors, problems with schoolwork, worries about sexual orientation and physical abuse, while family support was protective against self harm. Our findings highlight the mental health problems associated with victimisation, underlining the importance of anti-bullying policies in schools. Factors associated with self harm among boys who have been bullied should be taken into account in the identification of boys at risk of self harm.     

遭受校园欺凌经历对2152名医学生抑郁状态的影响

目的 了解医学生既往遭受校园欺凌情况对自身抑郁状态的影响,为防范校园欺凌事件的发生和促进医学生心理健康提供参考。方法 以分层整群抽样的方法,抽取齐齐哈尔医学院大一～大三共2 152名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果 898名学生处于抑郁状态,其中轻度抑郁的检出人数为670人(74.61%),中度抑郁的检出人数为209人(23.27%),重度抑郁的检出人数为19人(2.12%)。男女生抑郁检出率分别为46.6%和37.8%,不同的性别(Z=-3.55,P<0.001)、不同的年级(H=14.81,P=0.001)、不同学习成绩(H=22.31,P<0.001)、不同生活经历(H=14.02,P=0.003)、父母经常争吵(Z=-5.57,P<0.001)和离异(Z=-4.40,P<0.001)之间大学生抑郁情况检出率差异有统计学意义,其中大三年级学生抑郁的检出率为47.0%,学习成绩较差的学生抑郁检出率为52.8%,大学生既往住过托管机构的抑郁检出率为65.2%,父母经常争吵和离异情况下大学生抑郁检出率分别为54.5%、54.8%。800名学生在小学时遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的37.17%);578名学生在初高中学时有遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的26.86%);214名学生在大学时有遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的9.94%)。结果显示年级、父母争吵、父母离异、既往遭受欺凌均是医学生抑郁状态产生的危险因素(P<0.05);曾在小学、初高中及大学期间偶尔和经常遭受欺凌者均比未遭受欺凌者发生抑郁的危险性高(P均<0.01)。结论 既往遭受校园欺凌是后期医学生产生抑郁状态的重要危险因素,因此应该增加来自社会、家庭、学校和同伴的支持,降低校园欺凌的发生,进而减少医学生抑郁状态的产生,为其营造良好的身心健康发展的学习和生活环境。     

Bullying among 18 to 23‐year‐old women in 2013

Objective: To identify the prevalence of bullying among women aged 18–23 in 2013, and to describe the demographic characteristics, health and risk factors of those who experienced bullying. Methods: Cross‐sectional analysis using data from the 1989–95 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, a nationally representative cohort (n=16,801). Results: More than one‐quarter of women (28.4%) indicated they had never been bullied, 53.4% reported experiencing bullying in the past and 18.2% indicated that they were recently bullied. Women who had experienced bullying were more likely to have lower levels of education, less likely to be studying or employed, and had more difficulty managing on their income. Women who experienced bullying were more likely to use tobacco or illicit drugs, be overweight or obese and to be sedentary. Even after adjusting for these factors, women who had experienced bullying were at risk of poor physical health, psychological distress, suicidal thoughts and self‐harm. Conclusions: This is the first nationally representative study to demonstrate the strong association between being a victim of bullying and health outcomes in a post‐school‐age population. Implications for public health: The findings highlight the need for interventions for women who have already experienced bullying and are past school age.     

中国四城市初中生受欺负者自杀风险影响因素调查

目的探讨初中生受欺负者的特征及自杀风险影响因素,为其自杀干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在4个城市各随机抽取25所初中,对抽中班级的所有学生采用《全球学校学生健康调查问卷》进行调查。结果受欺负者的自杀意念和自杀计划年发生率分别为25.1%和13.0%,高于未受欺负者(P<0.05)。因身体、长相等因素而受欺负产生自杀意念的风险是其他受欺负类型的1.29倍。高频度(10～30d/月)受欺负、焦虑和抑郁均是自杀意念和自杀计划的危险因素,而家庭关怀则是其保护因素。社会交往对自杀计划的发生与否有保护作用。结论对受欺负者的自杀干预应根据其受欺负类型、强度同时综合考虑其他危险和保护因素予以有针对性的干预。     

职中学生受欺凌状况对心理健康的影响及干预模式

目的 了解佛山南海区校园欺凌行为的现状,了解欺凌行为对学生身心健康的影响,探索治理校园欺凌行为的策略。方法 使用中小学生心理健康量表(MHT)和自编的受欺凌行为问卷,对133名职中学生进行调查,分析MHT与受欺凌行为的相关性。结果 受欺凌行为与性别无关,与年龄有部分关系,受欺凌行为与心理健康呈显著相关,心理健康状况可预测受欺凌行为。结论 要重视欺凌行为的危害,及时发现欺凌行为,对受欺凌行为应采用“四预模式”,要完善相关法律制度。