鲤鱼赤小豆汤对阿霉素肾病大鼠尿蛋白排泄量的影响

目的探讨鲤鱼赤小豆汤治疗肾病综合征的作用机制。方法成年健康W／star大鼠50只,经大鼠尾静脉注射阿霉素制备肾病综合征模型,终点法检测实验大鼠阿霉素注射前1W、注射后每3d的12h尿蛋白排泄量,和治疗3W后血清总蛋白、白蛋白水平。结果鲤鱼赤小豆汤组12h尿蛋白排泄量从第9天开始降低,与模型组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平升高,与模型组比较有显著性差畀（P〈O．05）,鲤鱼赤小豆汤高剂量组显著优于福辛普利组（P〈O．05）。结论鲤鱼赤小豆汤高剂量组可以降低肾病综合征模型大鼠尿蛋白排泄量。提高其血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平。     

儿茶素对肾病大鼠肾小球脏层上皮细胞增生的影响

目的　探讨儿茶素对肾小球上皮细胞增生的影响 ,阐明儿茶素对防治肾病综合征的部分可能机制。方法　 36只SD雌性大鼠随机分成正常组、肾病组、激素组、儿茶素预防组、儿茶素治疗组、儿茶素 +激素治疗组共 6组。实验末应用生化法测定2 4h尿蛋白排泄量 ,应用免疫组化法测定肾小球上皮细胞细胞周期调控蛋白P2 1、P2 7、TGF -β1、PCNA阳性表达率 ,并应用半定量评分法对各组大鼠肾小球与肾小管间质病理改变进行计量分析。结果　与肾病组相比 ,儿茶素治疗组、儿茶素预防组 ,儿茶素 +激素联合治疗组大鼠肾小球上皮细胞P2 1(P <0 0 1)、P2 7(P <0 0 1)、TGF -β1(P <0 0 5 ,0 0 5 ,0 0 1)表达降低 ,差异有显著意义 ,Cy clinD1(P <0 0 1,0 0 5 ,0 0 1)、PCNA(P <0 0 5 ,0 0 1,0 0 1)表达 ,差异有显著意义。实验末 ,2 4h尿蛋白的排泄量依次为 :肾病组 >儿茶素治疗组 >儿茶素预防组 >激素治疗组 >联合组 ,各组与肾病组大鼠相比 ,差异有显著意义。病理损害儿茶素治疗组、儿茶素预防组 ,儿茶素 +激素联合治疗组大鼠较肾病组减轻 (P <0 0 5 ,0 0 1,0 0 1)表达 ,差异有显著意义。病理积分与实验末 2 4h尿蛋白排泄及肾小球上皮细胞P2 1、P2 7、TGF -β1表达正相关 (γ =0 748,0 70 2 ,0 82 1,0 687,P     

前列地尔联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的疗效

目的:研究前列地尔联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的疗效。方法:选择2014年2月~2016年2月医院收治的糖尿病肾病蛋白尿患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组患者41例。两组患者均采用常规的抗凝、降压、降糖方法进行治疗,对照组患者使用贝那普利进行治疗,观察组患者使用前列地尔联合贝那普利进行治疗,治疗时间为1个月,对比两组患者治疗前后24h尿蛋白含量、24h尿微白蛋白排泄量。结果:治疗前,两组患者24h尿蛋白含量、24h尿微白蛋白排泄量无显著差异(P0.05);治疗1个月后,两组患者24h尿蛋白含量、24h尿微白蛋白排泄量均优于低于治疗前,其中观察组两项指标均优于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用前列地尔联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病蛋白尿,能够取得理想的疗效。     

硒对酒精引起肝损伤的拮抗作用研究

目的 探讨硒对酒精中毒所致大鼠肝损伤的拮抗作用。方法 给大鼠喂饲精饲料中加硒，观察大鼠肝脏损伤情况，并检测脂质过氧化物终末产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。结果 给大鼠喂饲酒精3个月，其肝组织中的丙二醛含量与对照组比较明显升高（P＜0．01），抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性明显降低（P＜0．05），XOD活性明显升高（P＜0．01）；酒中加硒能明显降低肝组织中的丙二醛含量，SOD、CAT及XOD活性亦有所恢复。结论 硒对酒精中毒所致大鼠肝脏损伤有一定的保护作用。     

血微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征的关系研究

目的探讨微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征（PNS）的关系。方法随机抽取正常儿童和原发性肾病综合征儿童各50例进行血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁、铅测定,原发性肾病综合征儿童常规24h尿蛋白定量和血总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白检查,分析微量元素与24h尿蛋白、血清蛋白及血红蛋白含量之间的关系。结果肾病综合征（PNS）组与正常儿童血微量元素锌、钙、铁两组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;血铅两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;PNS组血矿物质钙与血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量相平行,呈显著正相关;与血红蛋白呈显著负相关;与24h尿蛋白量呈显著负相关;铁与总蛋白,白蛋白分别呈显著负相关。结论肾病综合征患儿的血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁较正常儿童含量低,肾病综合征患儿24h尿蛋白排泄量的增加与钙、镁降低密切相关,锌结合蛋白从尿中丢失是血锌降低的主要原因,提示肾病综合征儿童定期检测微量元素锌、铁、钙;适当补充锌、铁、钙剂对疾病的转归起着积极的作用。     

前列腺素E1联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的观察前列腺素E1联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法将40例糖尿病肾病患者随机分成对照组和治疗组，治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予前列腺素E1和贝那普列，对照组给予贝那普列，观察两组尿蛋白、肾功能、血脂等指标的变化。结果经两周治疗，治疗组24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮均明显下降（P〈0，05）。对照组24h尿蛋白明显下降（P〈0．05），血肌酐、尿素氮无显著差异。结论前列腺素E1联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病短期内有效。     

三七总皂甙对新生鼠脑缺氧缺血再灌注损伤时心肌抗氧化系统的影响

目的:探讨新生大鼠脑缺氧缺血再灌注(HIR)发生后不同时段三七总皂甙(PNS)对心肌过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷光甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、核转录因子-kB(NF-kB)的影响。方法:结扎7日龄大鼠右颈总动脉后放入8%低氧舱2 h制成HIR模型,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸法、化学比色法、免疫组化法测大鼠脑HIR后用PNS干预HIR模型组心肌6、24、48、72 h SOD、MDA、GSH-PX、XOD、NF-kB变化,并做相应病理切片以对比。结果:HIR模型组心肌SOD、GSH-PX活性明显低于对照组,MDA、XOD、NF-kB明显高于对照组,P<0.01;HIR后采用PNS干预组SOD、GSH-XP活性明显高于HIR模型组;MDA、XOD、NF-kB明显低于HIR组,P<0.01;与对照组比较P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。病理组织切片评分显示,脑HIR模型组与采用PNS治疗组在6、24、48 h,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;72 h差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:新生大鼠脑HIR后6～72 h内心肌细胞出现SOD、GSH-PX活性下降,MDA、XOD含量增高,NF-kB表达增高,并出现相应病理学变化,PNS对脑HIR后心肌损伤有保护和治疗作用。     

维拉帕米对重度冻僵大鼠代谢的影响

目的观察维拉帕米对冻僵大鼠能量代谢和氧化代谢的影响。方法40只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成5组。对照组在室温20℃下饲养。冻僵组为－30℃冷暴露80min。干预1、2、3组分别依次预先30min腹腔注射维拉帕米5、10、20mg／kg,然后于－30℃冷暴露80min,室温复温4h,麻醉后腹主动脉采血,测定血糖、乳酸（LD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。摘取肝脏,测定肝脏中的MDA含量、GSH和SOD活力。结果冻僵组大鼠血糖低于对照组（P〈0．05）,冻僵组血清中LD、MDA、GSH和肝脏中LD,MDA、GSH含量及SOD活力均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。3个干预组大鼠肛温温差、血糖、血清与肝脏中MDA含量和GSH活力均低于冻僵组（P〈0．05）。干预2、3组血清中LD含量和肝脏中SOD活力均低于冻僵组（P〈0．05）。结论维拉帕米不仅能够减轻能量代谢中无氧呼吸废物对机体的损伤,同时还能够降低冷暴露时对机体的氧化损伤。     

麦麸酶解产物对糖尿病大鼠肝脏和睾丸氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:观察麦麸酶解产物(EHWB)对糖尿病大鼠肝脏和睾丸的抗氧化作用。方法:用四氧嘧啶制备SD大鼠糖尿病模型,以EHWB 19.36mg/kg bw.d灌胃,维生素C(VC)10.42mg/kg bw.d灌胃作对照,测定各实验组大鼠血糖,肝脏和睾丸总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与糖尿病组相比,EHWB治疗组大鼠血糖明显降低(P<0.01=,肝脏和睾丸T-AOC能力增强(P<0.01),GSH-Px和SOD活力增强(P<0.05),XOD活性和MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。EHWB治疗组大鼠肝脏和睾丸T-AOC能力明显高于VC组(P<0.01),肝脏XOD活性低于VC组(P<0.01)。结论:EHWB具有降血糖和提高糖尿病大鼠组织抗氧化能力,其效果强于传统抗氧化剂VC。     

慈菇对镉致肝脏脂质过氧化及c-fos mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨慈菇对镉致肝脏脂质过氧化及c-fos mRNA表达的影响。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组（n＝6），分别用25％、50％、75％ 慈菇（2ml/100g体重），维生素E（50mg/100g体重）及等体积馏水灌胃，连续10d，末次灌胃24h后，腹腔注射CdcL2(20μmol/kg体重），染毒24h后，比较各组肝脏丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）活性；并利用反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）对肝脏c-fos mRNA进行半定量测定。结果 VE和中、高剂量慈菇都降低了镉所升高的MDA含量（P＜0.05），中、高剂量的慈菇还提高了氯化镉所降低的肝脏GSH含量（P＜0.05）；而VE和各剂量慈菇都不能纠正氯化镉所升高的c-fos mRNA水平（P＞0.05）。结论 镉对肝脏c-fos mRNA表达的诱导不是或仅小部分由脂质过氧化所介导。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.