鲤鱼赤小豆汤对阿霉素肾病大鼠尿蛋白排泄量的影响

目的探讨鲤鱼赤小豆汤治疗肾病综合征的作用机制。方法成年健康Wistar大鼠50只,经大鼠尾静脉注射阿霉素制备肾病综合征模型,终点法检测实验大鼠阿霉素注射前1W、注射后每3d的12h尿蛋白排泄量,和治疗3W后血清总蛋白、白蛋白水平。结果鲤鱼赤小豆汤组12h尿蛋白排泄量从第9天开始降低,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平升高,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),鲤鱼赤小豆汤高剂量组显著优于福辛普利组(P<0.05)。结论鲤鱼赤小豆汤高剂量组可以降低肾病综合征模型大鼠尿蛋白排泄量,提高其血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平。     

血微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征的关系研究

目的探讨微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征（PNS）的关系。方法随机抽取正常儿童和原发性肾病综合征儿童各50例进行血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁、铅测定,原发性肾病综合征儿童常规24h尿蛋白定量和血总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白检查,分析微量元素与24h尿蛋白、血清蛋白及血红蛋白含量之间的关系。结果肾病综合征（PNS）组与正常儿童血微量元素锌、钙、铁两组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;血铅两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;PNS组血矿物质钙与血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量相平行,呈显著正相关;与血红蛋白呈显著负相关;与24h尿蛋白量呈显著负相关;铁与总蛋白,白蛋白分别呈显著负相关。结论肾病综合征患儿的血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁较正常儿童含量低,肾病综合征患儿24h尿蛋白排泄量的增加与钙、镁降低密切相关,锌结合蛋白从尿中丢失是血锌降低的主要原因,提示肾病综合征儿童定期检测微量元素锌、铁、钙;适当补充锌、铁、钙剂对疾病的转归起着积极的作用。     

黄芪当归合剂治疗原发性肾病综合征疗效分析

目的探讨黄芪、当归合剂在肾病综合征治疗中的疗效。方法将肾病综合征病人随机分为治疗组、对照组，分别采用常规治疗加黄芪、当归煎服和单纯常规治疗。观察两组病人治疗前后尿蛋白、血浆白蛋白和生活质量的变化。结果治疗组较对照组在治疗过程中，尿蛋白明显下降、血浆白蛋白上升在治疗4w后有显著性差异（P〈0．05），血胆固醇较对照组在治疗4w后明显下降（P〈0．05）。治疗组病人生活质量的改善较对照组明显。结论黄芪、当归合剂能有效地降低尿蛋白，增加肾病综合征患者血浆白蛋白水平，并能降低患者血清胆固醇水平，提高病人生活质量。     

X线照射对大鼠肾病的保护作用

目的 观察次和死量Ｘ线照射（ＸＩ）对大鼠阿霉肾病（ＡＩＮ）是否具有保护作用。方法 将大鼠分为ＸＩ、阿霉素和ＸＩ／ＡＤＲ组,检测各组大鼠０￣４周时尿蛋白排泄量（ＵＰＥ）、尿丙二醛排泄量（ＭＤＡ）和４周时血浆生化指标。结果 ＡＤＲ组大鼠呈典型的肾病综合征表现,ＸＩ／ＡＤＲ组大鼠外周血白细胞总数明显降低,ＵＰＥ减少,血浆总蛋白和白蛋白回升,血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯明显降低;同时,ＡＤＲ组动物尿ＭＤＡ排泄量显     

早期慢性肾脏病患者血清脂联素水平的变化

目的检测早期慢性肾脏病（GFR≥60ml／min）患者血清脂联素、血清白蛋白、尿蛋白排泄量、血脂、肾功能水平，探讨早期慢性肾脏病患者血清脂联素水平的变化及与各影响因素的关系。方法选择早期原发性慢性肾脏病患者42例，分为2组：肾病综合征组（19例）和非肾病综合征组（23例）。另设健康对照组（20例）。用ELISA方法检测血清脂联素，同时测定血肌酐、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血脂和24h尿蛋白量，按公式计算体重指数（BMI），比较各组间的差别。结果患者血清脂联素水平在肾病综合征组[（21．9±11．3）mg／L]和非肾病综合征组[（11．0±7．0）mg／L]均显著升高，与对照组[（5，6±3．3）mg／L]相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且肾病综合征组血清脂联素水平明显高于非肾病综合征组（P〈0．01）；血清脂联素与血清总蛋白（r=-n5680）、白蛋白（r=-0．6241）、BMI（r=-0．4083）呈负相关，与24h尿蛋白量呈正相关（r=0．6154）（P〈0．01）。结论在早期慢性肾脏病，尤其是大量蛋白尿患者，血清脂联素水平明显升高，并与血清白蛋白、尿蛋白量及BMI有关。血清脂联素升高的发生机制及其在慢性肾脏病中的意义尚待探讨。     

血微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征的关系研究

目的探讨微量元素与小儿原发性肾病综合征(PNS)的关系。方法随机抽取正常儿童和原发性肾病综合征儿童各50例进行血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁、铅测定,原发性肾病综合征儿童常规24h尿蛋白定量和血总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白检查,分析微量元素与24h尿蛋白、血清蛋白及血红蛋白含量之间的关系。结果肾病综合征(PNS)组与正常儿童血微量元素锌、钙、铁两组有显著性差异(P<0.05);血铅两组无显著性差异(P>0.05);PNS组血矿物质钙与血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量相平行,呈显著正相关;与血红蛋白呈显著负相关;与24h尿蛋白量呈显著负相关;铁与总蛋白,白蛋白分别呈显著负相关。结论肾病综合征患儿的血微量元素及矿物质锌、钙、铁较正常儿童含量低,肾病综合征患儿24h尿蛋白排泄量的增加与钙、镁降低密切相关,锌结合蛋白从尿中丢失是血锌降低的主要原因,提示肾病综合征儿童定期检测微量元素锌、铁、钙;适当补充锌、铁、钙剂对疾病的转归起着积极的作用。     

不同剂量卵蛋白诱发幼年大鼠支气管哮喘模型的比较

目的：利用不同剂量的卵清蛋白（OVA）诱导大鼠,探索建立-个稳定、理想的大鼠支气管哮喘模型。方法：用低、中、高剂量卵清蛋白致敏大鼠后再雾化吸人同-致敏原从而诱发大鼠哮喘发作,分别观察各组大鼠肺组织病理切片、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞计数和分类以及双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法检测BALF中OVA特异性IgE（OVA--IgE）以及外周血和BALF自细胞介素（IL-4）和干扰素-Y（interferOn～7,IFN-y）水平。结果：3个模型组大鼠较正常对照组均出现哮喘异常症状,但高剂量组有明显的腹式呼吸和呼吸短促,且高剂量组肺组织病理显示气道炎症较低、中剂量组明显严重,3个模型组的BALF中细胞总数较对照组均有不同程度增高,且高剂量组增高有显著性（P〈0．05）;中、高剂量组的嗜酸粒细胞较对照组增高,且3个剂量组之间差异均有显著性（分别为P〈O．05和P〈O．01）。中、高剂量组的淋巴细胞较对照组增高均有显著性（分别为P〈O．05和P〈O．01）。中、高剂量组较低剂量组显著升高（P均〈O．05）。高剂量组大鼠血清中IL-4和BALF中0VrA-IgE较对照组和低、中剂量组增高有显著性（P〈O．05）,中剂量组BALF中OVA—IgE较对照组增高有显著性（P〈O．05）。高、中剂量组较低剂量组和对照组IFN-7下降,差异均有显著性（P分别〈O．01和〈O．05）。结论：幼年大鼠哮喘模型中的致敏原剂量的大小与哮喘气道变应性炎症的程度有关,大剂量腹腔注射OVA是-种操作简便的诱发大鼠哮喘模型的方法,成功率高,重复性好,值得动物实验推广使用。     

糖尿病肾病患者胆红素与尿微量清蛋白的相关性及临床意义

目的探讨血清胆红素在诊治糖尿病肾病（DN）中的临床价值及其与尿微量清蛋白水平相关性。方法根据尿微量清蛋白排泄（UAER）将92例2型糖尿病患者分为单纯糖尿病（A）组、早期糖尿病肾病（B）组和临床糖尿病肾病（C）组,另选40例健康体检者作为对照（D）组,分别测定各组血清总胆红素、间接胆红素和直接胆红素的水平。结果4组之间血清总胆红素、间接胆红素水平有明显的差异（P〈0．05）,且血清总胆红素和间接胆红素水平与尿微量清蛋白呈负相关（r=-0．36,P〈0．05;r=-0．67,P〈0．05）。结论DN患者血清胆红素水平降低,与尿微量清蛋白呈负相关,胆红素与糖尿病肾病密切相关。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清C反应蛋白的变化及意义

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白（CRP）在糖尿病肾病不同时期的变化及临床意义。方法根据24h尿白蛋白（MAU）定量将102例2型糖尿病患者分为正常白蛋白尿组（A组,38例）,微量白蛋白尿组（B组,34例）和临床白蛋白尿组（C组,30例）,另选30例健康人群作为正常对照组。结果三组糖尿病患者的血清CRP水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,且CRP水平随尿白蛋白、血肌酐的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者血清cRP水平随着糖尿病肾病的进展而逐渐增高,对糖尿病肾病的发生、发展及早期预测具有重要意义。     

复方肾炎片联合强的松对阿霉素肾病幼鼠治疗作用

目的 研究复方肾炎片联合强的松对阿霉素肾病幼鼠的治疗作用.方法 32只4周龄雄性大鼠建立阿霉素肾病模型后,随机分为模型对照组(B组)、复方肾炎片组(C组)、强的松组(D组)和联合用药组(E组),每组8只,另取8只做为正常对照组(A组).于造模前1天、造模后2周末、4周末、8周末、12周末共5个时间点检测大鼠24h尿蛋白,12周末检测各组大鼠血白蛋白、血脂及肾功并行肾脏病理检查.结果 ①A组大鼠5个时间点尿蛋白水平无显著变化(F=5.03,P＞0.05);B组、C组、D组、E组大鼠2周末、4周末、8周末及12周末尿蛋白较各自0周末均有显著变化(F值分别为23.59、18.17、14.53、19.61,均P＜0.05).B、C、D、E组8周末及12周末尿蛋白水平均有显著性差异(F罔末=15.66,F12周末=25.43;均P＜0.05),其中B组平均尿蛋白水平最高,8周末为(170.80±38.56)mg/24h,12周末为(141.29±36.55)mg/24h;E组最低,8周末为(37.59±15.36) mg/24h,12周末为(12.40±4.10) mg/24h.②12周末5组间的白蛋白及总胆固醇、甘油三酯较比较,差异有统计学意义(F白蛋白=27.13、F总胆固醇=19.80、F油三酯=19.05,均P＜0.05),但其中E组白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯较A组无统计学差异(均P＞0.05),5组间尿素氮及肌酐水平无统计学差异(F尿素氮=10.75、F肌酐=9.43、均P＞0.05).③E组相较B、C、D组有较轻病理损害,肾间质无增生,肾小管未见蛋白管型.结论 复方肾炎片联合强的松治疗阿霉素肾病大鼠可显著降低尿蛋白及血脂水平,维持血清白蛋白水平,起到有效的治疗作用.     

缬沙坦对阿霉素肾病大鼠肾小球nephrin和血管内皮生长因子的表达影响

【目的】 探讨nephrin、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)在阿霉素肾病大鼠肾小球中的表达变化及缬沙坦对其影响。 【方法】 SD大鼠36只随机分为两组,模型组24只和对照组12只。模型组大鼠尾静脉一次注射盐酸阿霉素(adriamycin, ADR)0.007 mg/g,对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等容积生理盐水,注射ADR 1周后尿蛋白定量>100 mg/24 h即算建模成功,共有20只大鼠建模成功,随机又分为肾病模型组和缬沙坦干预组,每组10只。缬沙坦干预组给予缬沙坦0.02 mg/(g·d)灌胃,1次/d,共4周。对照组和肾病模型组给予等容积生理盐水灌胃。实验结束后检测各组大鼠24 h尿蛋白定量,光镜观察肾脏病理学改变,免疫组化技术和Western Blotting技术检测nephrin、VEGF的表达,并分析数据相关性。 【结果】 1)肾病模型组及缬沙坦干预组24 h尿蛋白定量、肾小球VEGF表达均高于对照组(P<0.05),但缬沙坦干预组上述指标均低于肾病模型组(P<0.05)。肾病模型组及缬沙坦干预组肾小球nephrin表达低于对照组(P<0.05),但缬沙坦干预组nephrin表达高于肾病模型组(P<0.05);2)nephrin的表达与24 h尿蛋白定量呈负相关关系;VEGF的表达与24 h尿蛋白定量呈正相关关系。 【结论】 1)Nephrin及VEGF在阿霉素肾病发病机制中起重要作用;2)缬沙坦可减少阿霉素肾病大鼠尿蛋白的排出,其机制可能与增加nephrin的表达及减少VEGF的表达有关。     

Further studies on the nutritional factors affecting the urinary excretion of acid-soluble peptides in rats

1. Nutritional factors affecting the urinary excretion of acid-soluble peptides (ASP) were studied in rats. The ratio, total urinary nitrogen: ASP-form leucine + valine was lowest in the rats fed on a protein-free diet and increased as retained N: absorbed N decreased. The ratio was not affected by dietary protein level when the level was below the National Research Council (1978) recommended requirement, but increased greatly when it exceeded the recommended requirement. 2. The excretion of ASP-form leucine + valine per kg body-weight was significantly lower in the protein-deficient rats than in those fed on protein-adequate diets. This variable decreased during the stage of rapid growth, but did not change as markedly after the onset of adolescence. It increased again when the rats became older. The patterns of change in the rate of excretion of ASP-form amino acids during growth and that of Nr-methylhistidine were different. 3. When labelled amino acids were injected into rats, the largest amount of the ASP-form label was excreted on the 1st day of injection. From the 2nd day the excretion of ASP-form label decreased exponentially. 4. The findings suggest that the rate of urinary excretion of ASP-form amino acids can be employed as an index of protein metabolism, particularly as a simple index of the assessment of the status of protein nutrition.     

Effect of bovine growth hormone administration on metabolism of growing Hereford heifers: dietary digestibility, energy and nitrogen balance

The objective was to determine the effect of daily s.c. injection of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on nitrogen and energy balance in six Hereford heifers. In addition, effects on urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine and hydroxyproline and on serum mineral concentrations were monitored. A single reversal design was used with two 14-d injection periods of placebo or bGH (29.2 IU/d). Measurements were made on d 8-14 of each period. Injection of bGH did not alter apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy or nitrogen, nor urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine or hydroxyproline. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were normal with bGH treatment. Nitrogen retention was higher and urinary nitrogen excretion was lower when the heifers were injected with bGH than with the placebo demonstrating an effect of bGH on postabsorptive metabolism of nitrogen. Total energy balance was not altered by treatment. Energy retained as protein was higher after bGH treatment than after the placebo, implying decreased energy retained as fat and demonstrating a role for GH in altering energy partition in growing animals. Total heat production was not altered by treatment indicating no change in the gross efficiency of metabolizable energy use with bGH treatment.     

Verification and modification of the ICRP-67 model for plutonium dose calculation

On the basis of the available data and empirical expressions for the plutonium excretion after injection, an age-related compartmental model has been developed. It provides a better agreement with measured urinary excretion data than the current ICRP 67 model. Moreover, the revised model avoids unphysiological assumptions such as the transfer of activity from soft tissue to urinary bladder, that were part of the ICRP model. The new predictions of the activity in feces and in blood after an injection are closer to the available data than the ICRP 67 estimations and there is also a good agreement with the partitioning of plutonium between skeleton and liver obtained from different autopsy studies. Furthermore, the urinary excretion estimated by the improved model has been checked using some data from occupationally exposed individuals. As the plutonium uptake in these workers occurred by inhalation, the improved model and the ICRP 67 model were compared by connecting them to the ICRP 66 respiratory tract model. The improved model consistently yields a better agreement with the measured excretion and higher estimations of intake than the ICRP 67 model.     

银杏达莫注射液对糖尿病肾病大鼠的保护作用

目的通过糖尿病大鼠模型,观察银杏达莫对大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法18只SD大鼠随机分3组：正常对照组,糖尿病组（DM组）,银杏达莫治疗组。以链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠模型,大鼠饲养6周分别取出肾脏检测单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的表达。检测各组大鼠血糖、血脂、24h尿蛋白定量等指标。采用免疫组织化学技术检测各组肾小球中MCP-1的表达。结果糖尿病大鼠肾小球MCP-1表达较正常肾组织增高,治疗6周后,银杏达莫对血糖、血脂水平无影响,但可明显降低糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小球中MCP-1的表达,并减少蛋白尿。结论银杏达莫对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用可能机制部分与下调肾小球中MCP-1表达有关。     

肾康注射液治疗糖尿病肾病34例临床观察

目的：观察肾康注射液治疗糖尿病肾病的效果。方法：治疗组34例,采取肾康注射液与基础治疗联合治疗,并选择同期采取基础治疗但未用肾康注射液的52例患者作为对照组,基础治疗为胰岛素控制血糖,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）类降压药物控制血压,辅以控制饮食、对症治疗。肾康注射液应用方法为100ml,加入5%葡萄糖液300ml,静脉滴注,1次/d,两组疗程为28d。结果：两组在尿蛋白定量、肌酐、尿素氮、空腹血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯等6个指标方面均有明显的疗效（P〈0.0001）;组间比较,除空腹血糖外（P=0.7748）,治疗组在尿蛋白定量（P〈0.0001）、肌酐（P〈0.0001）、尿素氮（P=0.0383）、胆固醇（P=0.0369）及甘油三酯（P=0.0064）5个指标改善方面均优于对照组。结论：肾康注射液具有显著地改善糖尿病肾病肾功能,降低血脂的作用。     

Diagnostic Sodium Calciumedetate Mobilization Test in Ambulant Patients

The urinary lead excretion of 41 healthy subjects was compared before and three and six hours after the injection of sodium calciumedetate. All subjects showed a marked rise in lead excretion after the injection. The mean value + 2 S.D. was calculated. The authors consider that this method, which does not require hospitalization, is of value in the diagnosis of contact with lead.     

High urinary isoflavone excretion phenotype decreases plasma cholesterol in golden Syrian hamsters fed soy protein

Apparent absorption of isoflavones varies greatly among individuals but is relatively stable within an individual. We hypothesized that high urinary isoflavone excreters would show less plasma non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) than low isoflavone excreters after soy protein feeding. Fifty Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a high-fat/casein diet (n = 10) or a high-fat/soy protein diet (n = 40) for 4 wk. We identified 2 distinct urinary isoflavone excretion phenotypes based upon HPLC analysis of urinary glycitein using a pairwise correlation plots analysis, or based upon total urinary isoflavone using a hierarchical cluster test. High isoflavone excreters showed greater urinary isoflavones (P < 0.05) than did low isoflavone excreters at wk 1 and 4. The low urinary glycitein excretion phenotype was more stable than the high urinary glycitein excretion phenotype by McNemar's test. High urinary isoflavone excreters had significantly less non-HDL-C than did the low isoflavone excreters or casein-fed controls (P < 0.05). Plasma total and non-HDL-C were negatively correlated with urinary daidzein, glycitein, and total isoflavone excretion (r = -0.45 to -0.58, P < 0.05). Urinary isoflavone excretion phenotypes predicted the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of soy protein. Isoflavone absorbability, probably due to gut microbial ecology, is an important controllable variable in studies of effects of soy protein on blood lipids.     

Calciuric Effects of Short-Term Dietary Loading of Protein,Sodium Chloride and Potassium Citrate in Prepubescent Girls

Objective: Studies using adult human subjects indicate that dietary protein and sodium chloride have negative effects on the retention of calcium by increasing urinary calcium excretion, while alkaline potassium improves calcium retention along with decreasing urinary calcium losses. This study investigated the effect of these dietary factors on acute urinary calcium excretion in 14 prepubescent girls age 6.7 to 10.0 years.

Methods: Subjects provided a fasting urine sample then consumed a meal containing one of five treatments: moderate protein (MP) providing 11.8 g protein, moderate protein plus 26 mmol sodium chloride (MP+Na), high protein (HP) providing 28.8 g protein, high protein plus 26 mmol sodium chloride (HP+Na), or high protein plus 32 mmol potassium as tripotassium citrate (HP+K). Urine was collected at 1.5 and 3.0 hours after the meal. Supplemental protein was given as 80:20 casein:lactalbumin. Test meals were isocaloric, and unless intentionally altered, components of interest except phosphate were equal between treatments. Each subject completed all five treatments.

Results: Urinary calcium excretion rose after the meal, peaking at 1.5 hours. There were no significant differences in calcium excretion between treatments at any time point. The high protein treatments did not result in a significant increase in either net acid or sulfate excretion at 1.5 hours compared to moderate protein. Dietary sodium chloride had no effect on urinary sodium or calcium excretion over the 3 hours. After the potassium treatment, sodium excretion increased (p≤0.002) and net acid excretion decreased (p<0.001) compared to other treatments at 1.5 hours.

Conclusions: In children, a simultaneous increase in protein and phosphorus due to increased milk protein intake did not increase acute urinary calcium excretion. An effect of dietary sodium chloride on acute urinary calcium excretion was not observed. Both these findings were similar to those of adult studies previously conducted in the same laboratory using similar format and treatments. Potassium citrate was not hypocalciuric in children, a response differing from that for adults, who have shown a decrease in acute urinary calcium excretion in response to alkaline potassium treatment. Further characterization of calciuric responses to dietary factors is required for children, who may differ from adults in many respects.