经胸超声心动图引导下封堵术治疗房间隔缺损的价值(附11例报告)

目的 评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)引导封堵术治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的价值。方法 利用TTE选择11例ASD患者进行经导管封堵术。在TTE和X线引导下，经导管将Amplatzer封堵器送至ASD处，用TTE经多切面观察封堵器的位置，适时释放封堵器并观察手术效果。结果 10例封堵成功，1例封堵器放人后固定不理想而放弃手术。8例术后观察无分流，2例有少量分流，次日复查分流消失。结论 TTE对封堵术术前病例选择、封堵器大小的选择、术中监测及术后疗效评价都有较高的价值。     

超声心动图在Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗房间隔缺损中的价值

目的　超声心动图引导Amplatzer封堵器经导管关闭房间隔缺损 (ASD)。方法　 15例待外科手术的ASD患者 ,超声检查 [12例经食管超声心动图 (TEE)检查、3例经胸超声心动图 (TTE)检查 ]符合条件而准备行经导管ASD封堵术。在超声及X线引导下 ,以ASD最大伸展径或加 1～ 2mm为标准 ,选择Amplatzer封堵器型号 ,导管送封堵器到ASD处、释放 ,腰部卡于ASD口处 ,两伞贴于房间隔两侧。结果　 2例患者ASD最大伸展径 >34mm ,没有相应大的封堵器而放弃封堵术 ,其余 13例成功地进行了ASD封堵。超声测量ASD径非常显著小于ASD最大伸展径 [(16 92± 5 35 )mm∶(2 1 38±5 0 1)mm ,P <0 0 1],平均相差 4 46mm。术后立即、2 4h、1个月及 3个月行TTE检查 ,13例患者封堵器位置准确、稳定 ,均无残余分流。所有患者术中及术后均无并发症。结论　用Amplatzer封堵器关闭ASD ,超声在病例的选择、引导封堵器置入及术后疗效观察等方面有极重要、不可替代的作用。     

经导管封堵治疗中老年房间隔缺损临床研究

23例中老年房间隔缺损（ASD）患者，术前经胸超声心动图（TTE）测量房间隔缺损直径为14～34mm，右房、室均不同程度增大，X线胸片示心胸比例0．52～0．70。患者均在局麻下经X线透视和TTE引导行ASD封堵术，均用国产双盘状封堵器一次封堵治疗成功，封堵器直径18～42mm。术后随访1～33个月，未见残余分流、心包填塞及封堵器移位等并发症。     

经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗儿童心房间隔缺损的临床体会

目的:评价经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗Ⅱ孔型心房间隔缺损(ASD)的疗效。方法:全组20例,术前经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查示ASD存在,所有病例均在透视及经TTE监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器封堵ASD。术后24h,1、3及6个月分别行TTE、心电图及X线胸片检查评价治疗效果。结果:20例ASD患儿封堵器置入均获得成功,术中未发生任何并发症,无急诊手术病例。术后24h,1、3、6个月TTE检查,示心房水平分流消失,未见封堵器对心房壁及二尖瓣、三尖瓣运动产生影响,均未见封堵器移位及ASD再通;X线胸片检查显示术后24h,1、3、6个月肺血较术前均有不同程度减少。术后6个月右心房、室内径均恢复至正常范围。结论:经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效的非手术方法,具有操作简便、安全、技术成功率高及封堵效果好等诸多优点,其临床应用的远期疗效尚需继续观察。     

超声心动图引导下经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术34例临床观察

目的 探讨彩色超声心动图（TTE）在经胸微创房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术中的应用价值.方法 对34例ASD患者行经胸微创封堵术,并于术前采用TTE测量各切面ASD长度及周缘情况,术中采用TTE监测封堵过程,术后采用TTE观察心房水平有无残余分流、封堵伞有无脱落及右心系统回缩情况.结果 TTE测量ASD长度为（14.54±7.05）mm,所选封堵器型号大于TTE测量值4～6 mm;33例经胸微创ASD封堵术成功,1例因ASD长度大、一侧无残端组织而无法牢固放置封堵器改开胸手术缝补;术后随访1周、1个月均无残余分流,封堵器封堵牢固、无脱落;右心系统回缩明显.结论 TTE用于经胸微创ASD封堵术能于术前准确测量ASD大小、术中及时监测与引导封堵过程、术后准确观察有无残余分流并评价疗效.     

经胸壁彩超结合球囊法在房间隔缺损经右心导管封堵术中的应用

目的 :评价经胸壁彩色超声心动图 (TTE)结合球囊测量法引导房间隔缺损 (ASD)经导管封堵术的可靠性及实用价值。方法 :对 6 7例ASD患者 ,采用TTE结合球囊法测量ASD伸展径后 ,分别置入相应型号Am platzer封堵器。 结果 :6 7例患者TTE引导经右心导管封堵ASD术均成功 ,超声测量的ASD最大伸展径与其实际伸展径一致 ,相关系数 (r ) =0 .97,P <0 .0 0 1。 6 4例ASD封堵器一次放置成功 ,3例第 2次放置成功 ;封堵术成功后即刻彩色超声心动图显示 ,穿隔血流消失 ;术后 3个月复查 ,6 6例封堵器位置良好 ,房间隔无分流 ,右心系统明显回缩 ;1例原有两孔缺损的封堵其中的大孔后残留少量分流。结论 :TTE结合球囊测量法引导ASD经右心导管封堵术成功率高、安全和无痛苦 ,值得推广。     

经胸超声心动图指导儿童房间隔缺损封堵术

目的 :评价经胸超声心动图 (TTE)在术前测量房间隔缺损 (ASD)大小、术中监测与指导儿童ASD封堵的作用。方法 :10例ASD儿童采用TTE多个切面综合判断ASD大小、周缘情况及房间隔伸展径。比较ASD之TTE测值与封堵成功所选用的封堵器大小之间的关系。在封堵术中TTE监测封堵过程、伞释出后牢固程度及彩色多普勒有无分流。结果 :ASD的TTE测值为 8～ 2 4 (15 .8± 5 .9)mm ,封堵器型号为 8～ 2 8(18.8±6 .0 )mm ,TTE测量的ASD大小与封堵器大小相关良好 ,直线方程Y =4 .36 0 +0 .914X ,相关系数r =0 .90 5(P <0 .0 1)。硬缘ASD的封堵器选择比TTE所测ASD大 1～ 5mm ;封堵器型号的选择多在球囊测值的基础上加 0～ 2mm。所有封堵器牢固 ,无脱落。结论 :TTE封堵术前检查和术中指导ASD封堵器的放置是一种可行、有效、简便的方法     

经胸B超指导Amplatzer封堵器在治疗成人房间隔缺损中的应用

目的　评价经胸B超 (TTE)指导Amplatzer封堵器治疗成人继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的价值。方法　 30例ASD行Amplatzer封堵术的患者 ,年龄 13～ 6 5岁 ,平均 (32± 15 )岁 ,术前及术中采用TTE指导封堵 ,术后即刻及术后 1个月 ,3个月分别行TTE检查评价治疗效果。结果　 2 4例 (80 % )患者术前和术中直接采用TTE指导封堵成功 ,总有效率为 80 % ;5例 (16 7% )患者术前加做食管B超(TEE)选择适应证 ;1例 (3 3% )患者术中加做TEE指导封堵成功。术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急症手术病例。术后即刻TTE彩色多普勒显示 2例 (6 7% )存在微 /少量残余分流 ,术后 1月TTE显示30例患者的ASD完全闭合 ,封堵器形态、位置良好 ,未对毗邻结构产生影响 ,且未见封堵器移位及ASD再通。结论　TTE可用于指导大多数ASD患者行经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗。     

超声引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的安全性及有效性

目的探讨超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术的临床应用价值。方法选取34例患者,采用超声心动图引导下经皮封堵术进行治疗。所有患者在术前均采用经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查,在经食道超声心动图(TEE)或TTE监测下引导房间隔封堵器释放。所有患者于封堵术后3天、1个月、3个月进行随访TTE及心电图检查。结果 34例患者中,1例患者术后出现心包积液,通过心包置管引流后积液逐渐减少最后完全消失,其余患者均恢复顺利。所有患者在术后3天、1个月、3个月复查TTE及心电图,均未发生封堵器移位、残余分流等情况。结论超声心动图引导下经皮ASD封堵术避免放射线,是一种安全、微创、有效的手术。     

长年经食管超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵治疗中的应用

目的 :经食管超声心动图 (TEE)引导置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)。 方法 :4例ASD患者 ,均为女性 ,年龄 8～ 39( 2 7.75± 13.96 )岁 ,体重 18～ 6 7( 4 2 .0 1± 13.2 0 )kg。在超声和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer双盘封堵ASD。术后重复TEE/经胸超声心动图 (TTE)、ECG及X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :4例患者封堵器置入均获成功。术中及术后未发生任何并发症。经TEE测定的ASD直径范围 13～ 2 8mm ,选择封堵器直径为 18～ 32 ( 2 5 .0± 5 .77)mm。术后 2 4h超声心动图显示 4例ASD完全闭合 ,无残余分流。3例完成术后 1个月、1例完成术后 18个月随访均无再通或封堵器移位。结论 :应用Amplatzer封堵器闭合ASD ,TEE在术前选择病例、术中引导封堵器置入及术后疗效判定等方面具有极其重要的作用     

Transthoracic echocardiographic guidance of transcatheter atrial septal defect closure

This study examines the safety and efficacy of transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) guidance of atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure. We evaluated 74 patients for TTE-guided ASD closure. Fifty-six patients had successful device implantation using TTE guidance. Twelve patients were referred for surgical ASD closure on the basis of TTE evaluation. Five patients with multiple ASDs or poor transthoracic acoustic windows had ASD device closure guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损

目的 :探讨 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损的临床应用价值。方法 :全组患者 6（男 2 ,女 4）例 ,年龄 4～ 5 0岁 ,经 TTE或 TEE检查诊断为多孔房间隔缺损。均在 X线和 TTE或 TEE监测下经导管行 Amplatzer封堵器治疗。术后重复 TTE或 TEE、ECG及 X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :全组 6例患者 Amplatzer封堵器置入均获成功 ,术中无重要并发症发生。其中置入 1个封堵器的患者 5例 ,置入 2个封堵器的患者 1例。术后即刻TTE或 TEE检查 5例无残余分流 ,1例小缺损孔有少量残余分流 ,随访 1年中少量残余分流仍存在。1例肺动脉压中度增高患者 ,术后 3 0 min测量肺动脉压下降 >2 0 mm Hg。随访期间所有患者封堵器位置形态良好 ,未发现封堵器的变形 ,移位以及金属结构断裂等改变 ;右房 ,右室有不同程度的缩小 ,X线平片显示肺血有不同程度减少 ;术后ECG检查均未见心律失常发生。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损是安全有效的。对于相隔距离较近的多孔房间隔缺损 ,可采用单个封堵器封堵 ;而相隔距离较远的缺损 ,可采用同时置入两个封堵器     

经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的：评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值。方法：全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者，均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器。结果：18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术；16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，即刻完全堵闭，术后随访3个月至2年，TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭，未见残余分流。随访期间无任何并发症。结论：在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行，具有一定实用价值。     

房间隔瘤并发继发孔型房间隔缺损介入封堵术的临床评价

目的:评价房间隔瘤(ASA)并发继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)介入封堵术的可行性、安全性和疗效.方法:16例(男4例,女12例),年龄12～66(30.6±14.1)岁.经临床、心电图、X线及经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查诊断为ASA并发继发孔型ASD.TTE检查ASA均膨入右心房, ASD最大直径10～32(17.1±10.4)mm.其中单孔ASD 14例,双孔ASD 2例,孔间距离均小于7 mm.结果:16例均一次封堵成功,成功率100%.所用封堵器的直径为16～42(28.5±6.99)mm.2例双孔ASD中,置入1个封堵器直接封堵2个缺损孔.术中TTE监测检查示15例完全闭合, 1例有少量残余分流.术后3 d复查TTE示均无残余分流;6个月、1年后复查示9例心脏大小恢复正常, 均无残余分流,无封堵器移位及其他并发症.结论:介入封堵治疗ASA并发继发孔型ASD是可行、安全的, 可获得良好的封堵效果.     

彩色超声心动图监测经导管蘑菇伞堵闭房间隔缺损的作用评价

目的 使用彩色超声心动图监测经导管蘑菇伞堵闭先天性心脏病房间隔缺损(ASD)。方法 使用彩色超声心动图仪器对14岁以下小儿经食道,成人经胸术中监测,指导操作者安置封堵器的合适方位。当双盘蘑菇伞腰部卡在ASD内,两盘则分别在左、右房侧时,彩色超声心动图监测无残余分流后结束堵闭术,术后24小时再次进行彩色超声心动图检查。结果 37例中,36例1次堵闭成功,1例失败。结论 在经导管蘑菇伞堵闭ASD中,彩色超声心动图监测很重要。     

Surgical validation and implications for transcatheter closure of quantitative echocardiographic evaluation of atrial septal defect

Accurate evaluation of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is important for the success of transcatheter closure. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe a quantitative evaluation by transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography of the various morphologic features of ASD that might be important for patient selection for transcatheter closure, and (2) to assess the reliability of these 2 methods by surgical findings. Preoperative TTE and TEE were used to evaluate the ASD of 27 children undergoing surgical closure. Measurements included the diameters of ASD and the atrial septal lengths in the transverse and longitudinal axis, and the width of the superior, inferior, anteroinferior, and posterior septal margins. The shape and location of the ASD and the adequacy of the septal margins for anchoring occluding devices were determined. Echocardiographic data were compared with corresponding surgical measurements. No significant difference occurred in the means of all the parameters measured with the 3 methods, except for the transverse ASD diameter (p <0.05). Good agreement occurred between TTE and TEE and surgical data, except for the transverse ASD diameter, transverse atrial septal length, and the posterior septal margin on TTE. Intraclass correlations between TTE and TEE and surgical measurements of all parameters were good, except for the transverse ASD diameter. The accuracy in determining shape and location of the ASD by TTE and TEE were 100%, whereas that for determining the adequacy of septal margins was 98% and 97%, respectively. In conclusion, TTE and TEE are reliable methods for quantitative evaluation of ASD.     

The role of transesophageal echocardiography in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects by the Amplatzer septal occluder

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to determine the role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the closure of atrial septal defects by the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (AGA Medical, Golden Valley, Minn). METHODS: A total of 240 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) secundum were examined by transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography (TTE) and TEE to determine the ASD morphologic features, diameter, and rims. During transcatheter closure TEE was used for determination of the ASD diameter and guidance of the ASO implantation. RESULTS: Sixteen (6%) patients were found not suitable for transcatheter closure with TTE, 35 (14%) with TEE, and 2 during catheterization. Twenty-eight patients (18%) had partial or total deficiency of the posterior, inferoanterior, or inferoposterior rim, 54 (27%) had a centrally positioned ASD, 92 (46%) had insufficient superoanterior rim, and 9 had multiple ASDs, whereas 8 had a septal aneurysm associated with a single defect and 4 a multiperforated aneurysm. A total of 170 patients underwent implantation of ASO. The ASO was correctly positioned in 144 at the first attempt. In the remainder TEE revealed unstable position of the left atrial disk (12), opening of both atrial disks in the left atrium (5), deployment of the device through the smaller defect in patients with multiple ASDs (3), and, in 1 patient, the device was too small and had to be replaced by a larger one. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic variations of the ASD are common. TEE is crucial for the determination of the ASD morphologic features, diameter, and rims, which are crucial for proper patient selection. TEE allows precise guiding and positioning of the ASO, which is essential for safe and effective transcatheter ASD closure.     

新型导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探索一种新型超声专用导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图(TTE)引导下封堵房间隔缺损的安全性和有效性。方法:于2017年11月至2017年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院入选10例房间隔缺损患者,均采用一种新设计的导丝进行单纯TTE引导下房间隔缺损封堵术,这种新型导丝的特点是头端为梭形弹性结构,可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位。手术由3名在单纯超声心动图引导下行封堵手术不超过10例的医生完成。术后即刻通过TTE评价手术疗效。术后1个月、3个月和6个月门诊随访,复查TTE和心电图。结果:10例患者在TTE引导下应用新型导丝成功封堵房间隔缺损。10例患者中,男性4例,女性6例,平均年龄(45.2±13.5)岁,平均体重(65.5±8.8)kg,平均房间隔缺损直径(14.9±5.1)mm。平均手术时间为(20.2±8.9)min,导丝从进入股静脉至左心房所需的时间为(3.6±2.6)min。无导丝脱入右心房。患者在住院期间均无残余分流、外周血管损伤、三尖瓣损伤及心脏穿孔等并发症。随访至术后6个月,均无封堵器脱落、残余分流和心包积液等并发症。结论:新型超声专用导丝可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位,可安全、有效地引导经皮房间隔缺损封堵术。     

Usefulness of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the characterization of atrial septal defects in adults

In this report we present 12 adult patients in whom surgical or percutaneous intervention was considered for repair of atrial septal defect (ASD). Location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy of the ASD were assessed prior to intervention in all patients with standard and live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE). In the four patients in whom intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic reconstruction (3D TEE) was done, 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with 3D TEE. In the seven patients who underwent transcatheter closure device insertion, live 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with the sizing balloon. Additionally, since the sizing balloon measures a stretched diameter and area, a live 3D TTE stretched ASD diameter and area (derived from the actual live 3D TTE maximum circumference) were calculated and demonstrated improved agreement with the sizing balloon measurements. In all patients, > or =5 mm of atrial tissue was visualized surrounding the ASD. Further, with the addition of contrast enhancement, characterization of a small patent foramen ovale (<5 mm) was possible in one patient. Live 3D TTE accurately defined ASD location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy in all patients studied by us. ASD characterization by live 3D TTE agreed well with 3D TEE and sizing balloon measurements.