我国农村医疗保障制度的现状及对策探讨

要建立农民真正需要的、符合实际的医疗保障需求，就要能详尽地回答农村医疗保障制度的现状、存在现状的原因及解决问题的方案，把解决问题的基础建立在“是什么”的探索上，只有这样才能找到解决问题的途径。通过对此3个问题的回答，阐述了有关构建农村医疗保障体系的观点。     

农村医疗保障中的政府作用

以当前我国农村医疗保障的困境为背景，运用制度经济学理论，分析了政府的医疗保障政策在农村达不到预期效果的原因，得出了当前政策要着力解决好农村医疗保障中责任划分和关系协调两方面的问题。才能实现农村医疗保障的良性运行的结论。     

对中国社会保障立法的展望——建立农村社会医疗保障制度的构想

立法先行是现代社会保障制度作为国家制度安排特征的具体体现，只有通过法律的形式，社会保障才能制度化，普及所有公民。然而中国并没有统一的社会保障法律制度，农村社会保障法律制度的缺失，使农民被排斥于社会保障所构建的安全网之外。展望中国社会保障制度的构建过程，认为农村社会保障体系的建设将是工作的重点。文章试从农村社会医疗保障的视角，略论农村社会保障制度的构建问题。     

昆山市农村城乡一体化医保与国内外医保的比较研究

随着我国卫生医疗体制改革的深入，我国的医疗保健制度改革也将进一步深入，不论是城镇还是农村，都有必要迅速改进和完善，以适应城乡人民群众的需求。昆山除了按照中央、省、市有关文件精神搞好城镇职工医疗保险外，还致力于研究和探索一条适合我国经济发达地区农村的医疗保障体系，即昆山市农村城乡一体化医疗保险，以满足农村居民医疗保障的需要，促进农村居民的身体健康，从而推动经济的更快发展。     

实现农村医疗救助与新农合制度对接的难点分析

农村医疗救助制度和新农合制度是是我国目前农村医疗保障制度建设中相辅相成,不可相互替代的两种制度.然而实际运行中,由于两者的制度设计不同,两种制度的医疗保障对象、补偿服务难对接上,管理机制难协调统一.只有明确两种制度对接中的难点所在,采取有针对性的措施,才能实现两种制度的无缝对接,真正降低农民疾病经济风险,提高农民健康水平.     

美国小布什总统医疗保障改革方案浅析

内容摘要美国医疗保障制度是颇具典型性的，其特色就体现在美国政府在医疗保障体系中所充当的角色上。本文通过对美国医疗保障制度及小布什总统2()(]3年医疗保障改革的考察，分析美国政府和医疗市场在医疗保障领域里的作用和相互关系，希望能对我国医疗保障改革有所启发。     

我国医疗器械产业发展机遇与挑战

1我国医疗器械发展现状 （1）产业情况 伴随我国经济建设的腾飞和综合国力的增强，卫生事业取得巨大发展。2003年我国医疗卫生费用达到6584．10亿元，城市人口平均1108．9元，农村人均274．7元．2005年我国医疗机构数量达到289951家。我国建立了城镇职工医疗保障体系，进行农村合作医疗试点工作，老年和儿童以及农民医疗保障体系建设正在推进，我国居民预期寿命稳步提高，2000年达到71．40岁，从1982年18年间提高3．4岁，略高于中等收入国家水平。     

我国农村医疗保障体系改革研究综述

文章就理论界近年来关于我国农村医疗保障体系现状、存在问题及对策、实施目标的可行性、政府在农村医疗保障体系建设中的定位、责任以及我国农村医疗保障体系构建模式的选择等问题的研究做出了简要综述。     

医疗保障的社会分层研究

社会医疗保障制度的建立与完善，与社会经济体制改革和发展相一致，必须按照市场经济体制发展的要求来进行改革。根据我国社会经济发展的特点，必须建立适应多种经济成分并存的多层次、多模式的社会医疗保障体系。我国要建立结构完备、功能合理的医疗保障体系，还有很长的路要走。构建和完善多层次医疗保障体系，不仅关系到医疗保障制度改革的顺利进行，也关系到社会稳定和人民群众的根本利益。     

我国少数民族农村医疗保障现状浅析

通过对我国少数民族农村医疗保障现状的研究，指出现阶段少数民族农村医疗保障存在的主要问题，分析少数民族农村医疗保障缺失的原因．并提出少数民族农村医疗保障发展的对策与构想。     

对农村医疗保障制度构建的理论思考

适应我国城乡分治、二元经济的现实,确立政府对农民医疗保障经济责任与当地经济水平相适应的观念;适应我国医疗费用上升,医疗风险日益突出的现状,确立农村医疗保障的重点是缓解因病致贫;针对农村基层医疗卫生机构资源优化的趋势,确立农村医疗保障供方多元化的观念;同时应建立家庭帐户和统筹基金相结合的农村医疗保险模式,以适应农村经济以家庭联产承包制为基础的背景。     

社会主义初级阶段我国农村医疗保障的社会经济政策分析

社会主义初级阶段的中国农村医疗保障制度 ,在内容上既包括具有准社会保险性质的合作医疗制度 ,又包括政策保证性极强的公共卫生、预防、保健制度等。在发展过程上 ,既受农村政治经济体制及其变革的制约 ,又受国家政策调控的影响。应用邓小平社会主义初级阶段理论 ,分析和评价农村医疗保障制度的变迁过程和发展特征 ,目的在于为建立符合市场化农业经济体制发展的农村医疗保障制度提供政策的依托和实践的参照。     

Changes in the health care system of Vietnam in response to the emerging market economy

This paper discusses the impact on the Vietnamese health care system of the change from a centralized socialist system to a market economy. It discusses recent policies based on expectations in relation to actual outcomes, and the impacts these changes have had on health care delivery and health infrastructure in Vietnam. It has become clear that the private medical sector is draining resources from the State rather than complementing the weakened national health system. Impacts on health education, pharmaceuticals, infrastructure support, geographic distribution of physicians, and equity are all discussed in terms of recent economic changes. It is suggested that adjustments must be made to ensure adequate health care for all Vietnamese including those in rural areas and the urban poor. The State must develop mechanisms to support the national health service before further deterioration occurs.     

Equity in health and health care: the Chinese experience.

This paper examines the changes in equality of health and health care in China during its transition from a command economy to market economy. Data from three national surveys in 1985, 1986, and 1993 are combined with complementary studies and analysis of major underlying economic and health care factors to compare changes in health status of urban and rural Chinese during the period of economic transition. Empirical evidence suggests a widening gap in health status between urban and rural residents in the transitional period, correlated with increasing gaps in income and health care utilization. These trends are associated with changes in health care financing and organization, including dramatic reduction of insurance cover for the rural population and relaxed public health. The Chinese experience demonstrates that health development does not automatically follow economic growth. China moves toward the 21st century with increasing inequality plaguing the health component of its social safety net system.     

卫生产业:改革与发展的新视角

基本国情迫切要求加快卫生发展步伐,而卫生发展依赖于其产业属性的明析并在此基础上按照市场经济规律运动。卫生既具有产业性,又具有公益事业性,协调处理好两者关系,才能在保证基本医疗的前提下,实现非基本医疗服务的产业化经营。发展卫生产业要从基本国情的卫生出发,立足于实现全体人口基本卫生服务均等化需求与市场前景,着力构卫生投资主体多元化格局,实现卫生产业的可持续发展,努力为人民健康服务,经经济建设服务。     

浙江省农村医疗现状的调查

目的为了更清楚地了解浙江农村的医疗状况和合作医疗的实施情况,为浙江农村医疗相关政策的制定提供参考依据,课题组于2005年1月在浙江省12个镇的36个农村展开医疗现状的抽样调查.方法通过问卷调查与直接走访相结合,收集调查资料并予以统计学综合分析.结果各镇的农村医疗现状有较大的差别.调查对象中,半年患有较大疾病的占13.2％,农民年医疗费用占年收入的7.3％,担心因病返（致）贫和养老问题的占45.1％,新型农村合作医疗的参与率为76.3％,但东西部存在着较大的差距.村、乡级卫生资源得到较好利用.结论浙江东西部的医疗水平存在较大差距,经济发展缓慢仍是改善医疗水平的主要制约因素.在规范农村医药市场和完善新型农村合作医疗制度及其实施过程,提高乡村医生的水平、素质方面,仍得努力.     

An introduction to China's health care system

The Chinese health care system was originally a highly centralized one. It had great success in improving the people's health. The county-township-village three-tier health care system has contributed much to rural primary health care, and has set an example of primary health care to the developing nations. In the 1980s, this system experienced transformations along with the changes of the country's administrative system and economic policy. The transformations are characterized by the disintegration of the rural cooperative medical service, by the decentralization of township hospitals from county to township governments, by official permission for private practice, by the implementation of the personal responsibility system in health institutions, by the health security reform, and by the development of health insurance in rural areas. The long-existing health administrative problems which were aggravated in the last decade are the rural-urban differences in resource allocation and the large proportion of people without health security. With the increase of medical service prices in recent years due to the inflation of the whole economy, it is believed that the cost of health care will create an economic burden to the low-income, fee-for-service paying individuals and will further affect the health of the population. In the process of the national economic reform, it is an important and difficult task for the health administrators to adjust the health care system promptly and properly. Only by continuously carrying forward good traditions, correcting mistakes and consistently persisting in health reform, can China further raise its health care to a new, prosperous stage.     

论和谐社会下的"城乡一体化"农村卫生体系构建

为改善农村就医状况,实现医疗服务方面的城乡公平,未来农村卫生体系的构建必然向城乡一体化的方向发展.用定性分析的方法,阐述了一体化模式下农村卫生体系的构建思路,以期对未来的农村卫生改革提供参考.     

Desperately seeking synergy: the journey to systems integration of women's health services.

Providing women's health services can be a profitable enterprise. With 70% of health care purchases being made by women for themselves and their families, focusing on women as health care consumers strengthens the entire system. However, shrinking reimbursement and market pressures are creating an atmosphere of financial instability in health care. Is system integration the answer? The four presenters-each an executive champion for the women's service line in their systems-agree that integration can potentially reduce costs, improve quality of care, and increase patient and stakeholder satisfaction. Benefits can only be realized, however, if clinicians are engaged as partners early in the process, the organization is prepared to respond quickly to market changes, and competitive forces and culture differences across the system are acknowledged and addressed. "Women's Services" must also continually demonstrate its value to the system and find creative ways to differentiate itself in the marketplace.