我国已上市治疗用单抗类产品分析

目的：分析我国已上市治疗用单抗类产品存在的差距,明确努力方向。方法：基于我国已上市治疗用单抗类产品批准数据进行统计分析和对比分析。结果：对我国单抗类药物的发展历程、上市时间、批准品种以及我国已批准上市的单抗类药物与FDA单抗类药物的批准情况进行了对比梳理。结论：单抗类药物在生物技术制药中占有重要地位,并逐渐成为生物医药领域发展的主要方向。我国单抗类药物中国产品种与进口品种存在差距,整体上与FDA存在差距。但随着近年来的改革,发展潜力及势头良好。     

新疆民族药质量标准研究现状及展望

目的：综述新疆民族药质量标准的研究现状及发展前景，为民族医药市场的发展壮大及监管提供参考。方法：通过专项检查、市场调研、文献查询以及民族药质量标准提升工作，分析当前民族药质量标准的现状、问题及发展契机。结果：民族药药材，尤其是进口药材中基原混乱现象普遍，民族药制剂质量标准难以准确评价产品质量。结论：澄清民族药材的基原、调研药材资源情况并加强民族药的对照品/对照药材研究，是为民族药质量评价与监管提供更有效的技术支撑的必由之路。     

民族药对照药材的研制难点分析与策略探讨

目的：为民族药对照药材研制工作的顺利开展提供可行策略。方法：分析民族药对照药材研制工作中的难点问题,主要包括原料收集难度大、鉴定困难、标准不完善以及研究基础薄弱等方面。结果：在符合国家药品标准物质研制要求的前提下,提出民族药对照药材切实可行的研制方案,包括原料收集与遴选方法、生药学鉴定、理化标定、均匀性考察和稳定性考察方法。结论：民族药对照药材的研制工作起步晚、基础弱、困难多,但对民族药质量评价与监管具有极其重要的意义,也可为民族药科研工作的顺利开展奠定基础。     

广东省已上市中药制剂备案变更常见问题分析与建议

目的：为我国已上市中药制剂备案变更提供指导与建议。方法：通过整理2023年广东省已上市中药制剂备案变更的受理审评情况,分析持有人申报变更存在的问题及其主要原因,从变更的事前事中事后提出可行建议。结果与结论：对213个已上市中药制剂备案变更品种进行梳理,发现持有人在备案变更方面主要存在申报程序不合规、备案内容不标准、研究验证不充分的问题。建议持有人变更前合理确立变更事项、变更时科学开展研究验证、变更后持续关注风险管理,提升中药制剂备案变更的能力。     

我国已上市治疗用生物制品问题分析及监管建议

目的：对我国已上市治疗用生物制品现状及存在问题进行分析,并在此基础上从鼓励创新、系统构建注册法规等多个角度提出完善监管的建议。方法：基于对我国已上市治疗用生物制品批准情况的深度分析,通过专家咨询,提出建议。结果：治疗用生物制品产业发展迅速,在一定程度上满足了我国公众临床用药的需求,但仍与国际先进水平存在较大差距。结论：从鼓励创新、促进生物类似药发展、完善药品批准文号等方面提出建议。     

化学合成原料药上市后生产变更评估思考

目的：为化学合成原料药上市后变更的评估提供思路。方法：通过美国和我国原料药监管要求、 原料药变更影响因素分析原料药变更评估中的关注点。结果：化学合成原料药生产工艺更具有特异性, 所以原料药上市后变更更需要结合品种特点,对变更的风险及研究验证工作进行全面的评估。结论：化学合成原料药变更需从品种特点、人员素质、设施设备、杂质情况、物理性质等五个主要方面进行全面的分析、研究和验证,从而确定变更对原料药和制剂产生的影响。     

美国紫皮书制度研究与构建我国“生物制品已上市产品目录集”必要性及可行性探讨

目的：对美国FDA紫皮书制度进行研究，结合我国生物制品监管现状与发展，探讨构建我国"生物制品已上市产品目录集"的必要性和可行性。方法：文献研究和对比研究法。结果：对美国紫皮书的内容和作用、美国紫皮书的制度支持及其关键要素进行了研究，在此基础上分析我国"生物制品已上市产品目录集"构建的必要性和可行性。结论：我国现阶段构建"生物制品已上市产品目录集"已具备一定的实施基础，具有可行性和必要性。     

我国已上市治疗用生物制品整体情况分析

目的：梳理我国已上市治疗用生物制品的整体情况,提炼出存在的问题,为行业提供参考信息,同时为完善我国治疗用生物制品注册管理制度体系提供数据支持。方法：基于我国已上市治疗用生物制品的数据,进行统计分析和对比分析。结果：对我国已批准治疗用生物制品信息进行了整合,并从批准上市产品的发展历程、创新程度、技术类别等不同维度进行了全方位深入分析。结论：与发达国家相比,我国治疗用生物制品的研发和产业化相对较晚,市场规模较为有限,但增速显著高于全球水平。     

药检系统中药民族药标本数字化需求的调查分析

目的：收集用户对于中药民族药标本数字化的需求,确定建设中药民族药标本数字化系统的基本方向,为量化调查问卷设计提供基础。方法：采用调查问卷的形式,收集、统计并分析用户在功能设置、基本数据、服务形式、关联数据等方面的需求信息。结果与结论：根据统计和分析结果,发现对上述4个方面最多的需求分别是可视化、标本图片、互联网网站、切片信息,不同级别药检机构的需求差异不显著。     

我国已上市治疗用重组蛋白多肽类产品分析

目的：找出我国治疗用重组蛋白多肽类产品存在的不足,明确未来努力方向。方法：基于我国已上市治疗用重组蛋白多肽类产品批准数据进行统计分析和对比分析。结果：对我国已上市的重组蛋白多肽类产品的基本情况、技术代次、治疗领域等进行了回顾梳理。结论：我国重组蛋白多肽类药物在新一代产品的开发上,由于企业创新不足及技术落后,与国际先进水平的差距近年来在进一步加大。     

Evaluating the frequency,consumers’ motivation and perception of online medicinal,herbal, and health products purchase safety in Saudi Arabia

ObjectivesPurchasing medicinal products from the internet has become more popular in the last three decades. Understanding consumers’ use and perception of the safety of medicinal products obtained online is essential. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the extent of medicines purchased from the internet in Saudi Arabia, types of products, sources of information, the satisfaction, the motivational factors, and estimate consumers’ vigilance and tendency to report ADRs if occurred.DesignA prospective cross-sectional study using a custom-designed questionnaire was conducted among community adults in Saudi Arabia, age ≥ 18.SettingEvaluation of community subjects' perception towards buying medicinal products was done through the internet in Saudi Arabia from 1st July 2020 until the end of August 2020.Main outcome measure(s)The main outcome of the study was purchasing medicinal products from the internet (Yes, No).ResultsOverall, 36% of the study participants (n = 643) have ever bought medicinal products from the internet (Table 2). Of those, the most obtained was herbal medicine, supplements, or cosmetics (61.3%). Motivational factors towards purchasing medicinal products from the internet were mostly positive, with the most commonly reported agreed motivational factors were lower cost (55.7%), easy online access (54.1%), a wide variety of products (52.6%), and more privacy (43.6%). Around 60.4% of participants believed that buying medicinal products from the internet can be safe. The most perceived risk was the difficulty of distinguishing between registered online pharmacies and other unlicensed commercial websites, with only 32.7% of the participants distinguishing between registered and unlicensed commercial websites.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the consumers’ use and perception of the safety and risks of medicinal products purchased from the internet. The study findings noticeably describe the great need to increase safety awareness about obtaining medicinal products from the internet among the Saudi community.     

拉祜族常用药山菅兰的生药学及初步理化鉴别研究

目的：对拉祜族常用药山菅兰[Dianella ensifolia（L.）DC.]进行初步的生药学研究。方法：采用来源鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别的方法进行分析。结果：详细描述了山菅的生药学特征,进行了初步理化研究。结论：该植物含有糖类、酚类、香豆素类、黄酮、挥发油、三萜及甾萜类等化学成分。本研究为山菅的鉴别、质量标准的制定以及进一步开发利用提供了依据。     

药品说明书中药品使用期限标注情况的调查与分析

目的：为规范临用现配制剂和多剂量包装制剂在使用过程中的期限管理提供参考。方法：对我院2017年在用药品说明书进行整理,对其中临用现配制剂和多剂量包装制剂说明书中使用期限的标注情况进行调查和分析。结果：我院2017年在用药品共1047种。其中,临用现配制剂357种,多剂量包装制剂194种。在357种临用现配制剂说明书中,标注使用期限的109份,占30.53%;在194种多剂量包装制剂说明书中,标注使用期限的共26份,占13.40%。结论：尽管我国在《化学药物（原料药和制剂）稳定性研究技术指导原则》中要求临用现配制剂和多剂量包装制剂应根据其具体的临床使用情况进行稳定性试验,但目前在说明书中标注使用期限相关信息的药品比例仍较低。建议药品监督管理部门以及药品生产企业积极加强对《化学药物（原料药和制剂）稳定性研究技术指导原则》中有关要求的落实,逐步完善临用现配制剂和多剂量包装制剂说明书中使用期限的相关信息。     

Perception,Psychedelics and Social Change

Abstract

The therapeutic community (TC) views cultural diversity as an essential ingredient in its treatment approach. However, based on clinical observation and some research, questions persist concerning the relevance of TC programing for numerical race/ethnic minorities. This article briefly reviews pertinent research and presents findings from recent studies on race/ethnic differences in readine ss and suitability for, and retention in, TC treatment. A framework is outlined for the empirical study of cultural relevance issues in TCs.     

基于国家药品评价性抽验的通草品种的质量及监管对策

目的：通过开展通草的国家药品评价性抽验,掌握全国范围的通草质量问题及对策,为该药材的监管提供技术支持,保障公众用药安全。方法：按照《中国药典》2015年版一部进行法定检验,针对存在的问题,进行探索性研究。结果：共抽验118批通草药材及饮片,按现行质量标准检验,合格86批,不合格32批,不合格项目为性状和总灰分;市场调研显示通草药材品种混乱,与抽样结果相符;针对通草非法增重问题,建立了补充检验方法。结论：超过四分之一的通草饮片质量存在问题,主要为品种混乱及非法增重。     

PIC/S GMP无菌药品附录对我国无菌药品检查的影响

目的：通过分析PIC/S GMP附录《无菌药品的生产》，为我国无菌药品检查与国际化接轨提供借鉴。方法：通过对PIC/S GMP无菌药品附录的主要内容以及与我国现行版GMP无菌药品附录进行对比分析，结合我国无菌药品生产检查中的常见问题，为完善我国无菌药品GMP检查提供建议。结果与结论： 修订后的PIC/S GMP无菌药品附录对比我国现有的GMP无菌药品附录从概念和内容都有了相当大的更新，体现了药品监管的与时俱进，提示我们在规范检查、提升检查水平的同时，应引导企业主动了解国际先进的质量管理理念，向国际水平和国际标准靠拢，提升我国无菌药品生产行业的整体水平。     

Regulatory Status of Herbal Medicinal Products in Germany

Abstract

Preparation claiming certain indications are regarded as medicinal products in Germany. The German Medicines Law applies uniformly to all medicinal products, including herbal medicinal products. A pre-marketing approval is required including proof of quality, safety, and efficacy. The quality documentation comprises the raw material and its purity, the manufacturing process, the control of the final product and its stability. Pharmacological and toxicological examinations are requested in principle, and efficacy has to be proven by clinical studies. However, for substances with a “well-established medicinal use”, data from published literature may be used to substantiate safety and efficacy. As a national approach to review medicinal products, a system of monographs was established. For herbal medicinal products, Commission E was responsible for the evaluation of more than 300 medicinal plants. Recent European developments, particularly in the field of “well-established medicinal use” and “traditional use”, include harmonized assessment criteria for herbal medicinal products.     

Contribution of Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence to the Prevalence of Depressed Mood in Different Ethnic Groups in The Netherlands: The HELIUS Study

Abstract

Objective: Ethnic minorities report different levels of drinking and smoking and higher rates of depression compared to native populations. In this study we aimed to investigate in six ethnic groups whether tobacco and alcohol use were associated with depressive symptoms, which are more prevalent in ethnic minorities.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the multi-ethnic Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study sample (N?=?22,471) was used, comprising 4,580 native Dutch participants which were compared with participants from five ethnic minority groups (3,259 South Asian Surinamese, 4,292 African Surinamese, 2,262 Ghanaian, 3,891 Turkish, and 4,187 Moroccan).

Results: Alcohol misuse was positively associated with depressed mood in all ethnic groups except for the Dutch and the Ghanaians. Nicotine dependence was positively associated with depressed mood in all ethnic groups except for the Ghanaian group.

Conclusions: Alcohol misuse and nicotine dependence were significantly associated with depressed mood in most but not all ethnic groups and especially in men. However, across all groups the contribution of alcohol misuse and nicotine dependence to depressed mood was small. Prospective multi-ethnic studies should confirm whether the relations are causal and elucidate their direction.