高通量血液透析与低通量血液透析的透析效果比较

目的 比较高通量血液透析(HFHD)、低通量血液透析(LFHD)对维持性血液透析患者的综合疗效.方法 32例维持性血透患者,随机分为高通量血液透析组(n=16)和低通量血液透析组(n=16),分别每2周透析5次,每次4.5h.分别于首次透析前、透析后取血检测患者血清BUN、Cr、K+、Na+、Ca2+、P3++、β2-MG、Alb及iPTH.同时观察患者的临床症状变化情况.治疗1年后复查并比较上述指标.结果 高通量透析组对iPTH及β2-MG的清除高于低通量血液透析组(p＜0.05).两组Urea、Cr清除率及KT/V值无统计学差异(p＞0.05),透析前后两组K+、Na+、Ca2+、P3+无统计学差异(p＞0.05).高通量透析组患者的临床症状较低通量透析组明显改善,血清白蛋白变化无明显差异(p＞0.05).结论 高通量血液透析对中大分子物质的清除明显优于低通量血液透析,并能改善患者的临床症状,不会引起蛋白质过多的丢失,对小分子物质清除与低通量血液透析具有同样的效果.     

高通量血液透析对维持性透析患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨血液透析对慢性维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响.方法:选择39例长期血液透析的终末期肾衰竭患者,高通量组19例,常规透析组20例,分别测定两组患者研究开始第1次治疗前、后治疗2周和12个月时透析前血清β2-MG浓度,同时观察生活质量.结果:两种透析方式清除小分子毒素BUN、Cr无差异,但治疗12个月后H-HD清除中大分子尿毒物质,如β2-MG的能力较CHD提高;H-HD组患者血清白蛋白、血Hb水平明显高于HD组;高通量透析能够明显减少感染发生,改善长期血液透析患者的营养状况,改善贫血、减轻和缓解关节痛、皮肤瘙痒症状,生活满意度明显优于HD组,均具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:高通量透析能够明显提高长期血液透析患者的生活质量,这与高通量透析有效清除并持续降低患者血清β2-MG浓度有关.     

高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响

我国从20世纪80年代引进血液净化技术并得到普及和发展,对延长尿毒症患者的生命做出不少贡献,但目前很多血液透析中心仅停留在延长患者生命上,对于如何控制各种并发症以提高患者生活质量存在或多或少的管理缺失。很多长期透析患者存在面色晦暗、皮肤瘙痒、高磷血症、肾性骨病、肌肉痉挛等并发症,我们的研究旨在阐述高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者一般身体状况及各种并发症的改善情况。     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者血清β2-微球蛋白及血磷清除作用的影响

目的:观察高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及血磷浓度的影响.方法:将60例维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者随机分为两组,即:高通量透析组和低通量透析组,每组各30例,进行维持血液透析1年,每周透析2～3次,每次4.5 h,并对两组患者的透析效果进行对比观察.结果:两组患者透析后BUN、Scr比较无统计学差异,高通量透析组透析后血清β2-MG、血清磷比低通量透析组明显下降(P＜0.05);透析1年后血清β2-MG、血磷浓度均明显降低(P＜0.01).结论:高通量透析可明显降低透析患者血清β2-MG、血清磷浓度,透析效果优于低通量透析,透析膜的通量是影响清除血液透析患者血清β2-MG及血磷浓度的主要因素.     

血液透析患者应用高通量透析的临床疗效观察

目的 比较高通量透析与低通量透析对透析患者的治疗效果.方法 40例维持性血液透析患者采用自身对照的方法,间断接受高通量透析及低通量透析治疗,总计48周.观察治疗过程中临床症状的改善情况,比较2种透析方式单次透析的效果,以及治疗过程中β2微球蛋白、C反应蛋白、白细胞、血清总补体水平的变化趋势.结果 高通量透析期间临床症状缓解明显,且对β2微球蛋白的清除能力明显优于低通量透析,而对于小分子物质的清除能力比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗过程中患者的C反应蛋白有下降趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),白细胞、血清总补体水平无明显变化.结论 高通量透析能有效地清除β2微球蛋白,从而改善维持性血液透析患者的临床症状及预后.     

整体护理干预对血液透析患者营养状况及透析并发症的影响

目的 改善血液透析患者的饮食营养状况,降低透析并发症.方法 应用护理程序对126例血液透析患者(观察组)实施整体护理干预,与105例实施常规护理的血液透析患者(对照组)比较,观察患者饮食营养状况、透析并发症发生率及患者满意率.结果 观察组饮食控制依从性及血浆白蛋白、血红蛋白均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),水负荷过高、血压异常及内瘘闭塞发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),患者满意率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 应用护理程序实施整体护理干预对提高血液透析患者的饮食营养状况、减少并发症、提高其生活质量有积极意义.     

高通量血液透析临床疗效的综合分析

目的 了解高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者实验室检查指标及生活质量的影响.方法 选取32例维持性血液透析患者,将每2周1次血液透析滤过、1次血液灌流,其余时间进行低通量透析的模改为每周3次高通量透析,进行为期6个月的观察.前3个月使用旭化成13u透析器,后3个月使用旭化成15u透析器,分别在使用前和使用后3个月、6个月监测患者血压、血红蛋白、血白蛋白、前白蛋白、钙、磷、维生素D、全片段甲状旁腺激素、β2-微球蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白a水平的变化,同时应用简明健康测量量表、匹兹堡睡眠量表、食欲量表调查评价患者的生活质量.结果 (1)患者收缩压、舒张压均显著下降(P＜0.05),换用15u透析器治疗3个月后,收缩压、舒张压继续下降(P＜0.05).(2)治疗3个月后患者血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、β2-微球蛋白及超敏C反应蛋白未见明显变化,换用15u透析器治疗3个月后,白蛋白及前白蛋白显著上升,β2-微球蛋白显著下降(P＜0.05).(3)治疗3个月后患者钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺素及维生素D均无明显变化;换用15u透析器治疗3个月后,维生素D显著下降(P＜0.05),部分患者骨痛改善.(4)治疗3个月后患者血清低密度脂蛋白显著下降(P＜0.05),其余指标无明显变化;换用15u透析器治疗3个月后,患者血清低密度脂蛋白继续下降(P＜0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白水平升高,载脂蛋白A(I)水平下降(P＜0.05).(5)治疗6个月后,患者总体生活质量变化不显著,食欲和睡眠状况有改善趋势,但差别未见统计学意义.结论 规律高通量透析对临床及实验室检查指标的改善作用明显优于每周或每2周1次血液透析滤过,其余时间进行低通量透析的组合模式,特别是在血压控制、营养状态的改善及脂代谢指标等方面.     

α-硫辛酸联合高通量血液透析对糖尿病血液透析患者周围神经病变的临床疗效观察

目的探讨α-硫辛酸联合高通量血液透析对糖尿病血液透析患者周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2019年7月于湖北省天门市第一人民医院行血液透析治疗的糖尿病合并有周围神经病变患者60例。采用简单随机法将患者分成对照组和观察组。对照组每周3次行常规血液透析,每次4 h,同时口服α-硫辛酸胶囊,每次1粒,每日3次;观察组每周3次行高通量血液透析治疗,每次4 h,亦服用α-硫辛酸胶囊,每次1粒,每日3次。两组均治疗12周。比较对照组和观察组治疗前及治疗后患者的临床症状(肢端疼痛、麻木感、不宁腿综合征)改善情况,比较两组患者治疗前后血清中丙二醛、晚期蛋白氧化产物、全段甲状旁腺素、β_2-微球蛋白等指标变化情况,比较两组患者治疗前后外周神经(正中神经、腓总神经和胫神经)的感觉传导速度变化情况。结果治疗12周后,对照组和观察组患者临床症状和神经感觉传导速度都较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),观察组较对照组改善更为明显(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者血清中丙二醛、晚期蛋白氧化产物、全段甲状旁腺素、β_2-微球蛋白水平较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。结论α-硫辛酸联合高通量血液透析可以更好地改善糖尿病血液透析患者周围神经病变。     

高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者高血压的影响

目的 探讨高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者血压的影响并分析其相关因素.方法 对26例临床表现已达干体重但血压仍不达标的维持性血液透析患者行高通量透析治疗9个月,观察治疗前、后的收缩压、舒张压及血尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白、钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素、β2微球蛋白水平.结果 经9个月高通量透析治疗后,26例患者中有7例患者降压药物...     

高龄慢性肾功能衰竭患者血液透析的临床探讨

目的 评估高龄肾功能衰竭患者血液透析的临床疗效.方法 观察总结62例高龄肾功能衰竭患者血液透析治疗后的生存率和死亡原因,心脑血管并发症的发生情况及与透析充分性和营养状况相关的指标.结果 高龄血液透析患者的长期存活率逐步提高,死亡原因主要为心血管疾病、感染及严重营养不良,常见心血管并发症为低血压.低白蛋白血症发生率仍明显高于非老年组.结论 施行个体化的透析和治疗,积极改善营养,减少感染,有助于减少高龄透析患者的并发症发生和提高生存率.     

高通量透析改善老年血液透析患者微炎症状态的临床研究

目的:探讨高通量透析对老年维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响。方法:将常规血液透析老年患者80例,随机分为高通量组及常规透析组。检测各组患者治疗前后的血清超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、同型半胱氨酸、丙二醛、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、全段甲状旁腺素等,治疗观察时间为3个月。结果:高通量透析组(A组)和常规透析组(B组)患者治疗前后血清学CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、Hcy、MDA、iPTH水平比较,A组治疗3月后各项指标较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),而B组治疗后各项指标下降不明显,治疗3月时A、B两组间各项指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MHD组患者CRP与IL-6、TNF-α、Hcy、MDA、iPTH呈显著正相关(分别为r=0.526,P<0.01;r=0.511,P<0.01;r=0.269,P<0.05;r=0.302,P<0.05;r=0.712,P<0.01)。结论:高通量血液透析可以改善血透患者微炎症状态。     

高通量血液透析对患者营养状况的影响

目的 研究高通量血液透析对患者营养状况的影响.方法 采用前瞻性、自身对照研究.30例维持性常规低通量血液透析患者,转换为高通量血液透析6个月.试验前(0个月)、试验后3、6个月分别测定白蛋白、胆固醇、铁蛋白水平,计算标准化的蛋白氮出现率相当蛋白质(nPNA),测量瘦体重、握力并进行食欲量表评分.结果 转换为高通量透析后患者白蛋白、胆固醇、铁蛋白浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05).瘦体重在试验开始0、3、6个月分别为(39.7±8.7)kg、(35.0±6.8)kg、(34.5±1.3)kg,试验前、后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而握力水平比较分别为(22±10)kg、(25±11)kg、(25±10)kg.nPNA及食欲母表分数在试验前、后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 高通量血液透析会对患者的营养状况产生一定影响.     

Intraocular Pressures During High-Flux Hemodialysis

The intraocular pressures of 16 patients with end stage renal failure treated with high-flux dialysis were measured before and during a high-flux dialysis treatment. The patients were selected so as not to have glaucoma or history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressures did not change significantly in any patients during or following a high-flux hemodialysis treatment. These data suggest that high-flux hemodialysis does not result in increases in intraocular pressure nor does it precipitate acute glaucoma in well-dialyzed patients undergoing intermittent in-center hemodialysis.     

High-flux dialyzers, backfiltration, and dialysis fluid quality

Currently, high-flux hemodialysis is the most common mode of dialysis therapy worldwide. Its steadily increasing use is largely based on the desire to reduce the excessively high morbidity and mortality of end-stage renal disease patients maintained on conventional dialysis (low-flux, mostly cellulosic membranes) by offering better biocompatibility and enhanced removal of uremic toxins. Two large randomized trials suggest a survival benefit for selected subgroups of high-flux dialysis patients such as diabetics, patients with hypoalbuminemia, or patients who have been on dialysis for a long period (>3.7 years). The major disadvantage of high-flux hemodialysis relates to the use of dialysis fluid, which is commonly not pure and may endanger patients treated with high-flux hemodialysis. Endotoxin fragments and other bacterial substances derived from bacteriologically contaminated dialysis fluid may, even at bacterial counts or endotoxin concentrations within the limits of accepted standards of dialysis fluid purity, enter from the dialysate into the patient's blood either by convective transfer (backfiltration) or by movement down the concentration gradient (backdiffusion). Repeated exposure of high-flux hemodialysis patients to backtransport of dialysate contaminants aggravates the uremia-associated inflammatory response syndrome and contributes to long-term morbidity. At present, the only solution to circumvent the risks of backtransport is the use of dry powder cartridges for bicarbonate concentrate and the use of bacteria- and endotoxin-retentive filters for the online production of ultrapure dialysis fluid. Use of ultrapure dialysis fluid (bacteria <0.1 CFU/ml and endotoxin <0.03 IU/ml) has been found to reduce inflammation and comorbidities in clinical investigations compared to commercial dialysis fluid. The European Renal Association and a number of national societies in Europe or in Japan strongly recommend the use of ultrapure dialysis for high-flux hemodialysis.     

Effects of hemoperfusion plus high-flux hemodialysis in a patient with methotrexate toxicity

Acute methotrexate toxicity resulting from methotrexate-induced renal fáilue is a medical emergency requiring extracorporeal removal of methotrexate. The optimum method of methotrexate removal has not yet been established. We report a case of osteosarcoma with lung metastasis that was treated with high-dose methotrexate as adjuvant chemotherapy. Although no problems occurred after the first 5 courses of methotrexate, methotrexate-induced renal failure and methotrexate toxicity appeared after the sixth course. The patient was treated, either with hemoperfusion plus high-flux hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion alone, and pre- and post-treatment serum methotrexate concentrations were monitored. The reduction in methotrexate by hemoperfusion alone for 2 hours was 54%, compared to a mean reduction of 59% by hemoperfusion combined with high-flux hemodialysis, for 3 hours. Rebound increases in methotrexate levels were small (less than 1 μmol/L) with either method. The combination of hemoperfusion and hemodialysis resulted in good control of volume status, as well as improvement in serum chemistry values.     

Does Treatment Modality Have an Impact on Anemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure? Effect of Low‐ and High‐Flux Biocompatible Dialysis

Renal anemia significantly affects the morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the severity of anemia and success of its treatment differs when using high-flux (HF) or low-flux (LF) hemodialysis. Twenty-five patients on long-term hemodialysis with a mean hematocrit (Hct) of 33%, S alb of 36 g/L, and Kt/V urea of 1.5 were divided into Groups X (n = 13) and Y (n = 12) in a prospective randomized crossover study. Group X was initially treated with LF hemodialysis to be followed by HF hemodialysis for 8 weeks each time. Group Y started with 8 week HF hemodialysis and continued, after crossover, with 8 weeks of LF hemodialysis. HF and LF hemodialysis were performed with polysulfone dialyzers F 7HPS and F60S (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany). Hct values, examined at 2 week intervals, did not differ significantly between Groups X and Y during 16 weeks of the study at any measuring interval. In another analysis, all results of HF hemodialysis (first 8 weeks of Y + second 8 weeks of X) were pooled as were all data of LF hemodialysis (first 8 weeks of X + second 8 weeks of Y). No significant relationships were noted between duration of treatment with HF hemodialysis and Hct (n = 72, rS = 0.11, p = 0.36) and between duration of LF hemodialysis and Hct (n = 74, rS = 0.02, p = 0.87) in the newly formed groups. The Hct measured during HF hemodialysis and LF hemodialysis did not differ significantly. Analysis of variance did not reveal a relationship between Hct and the HF or LF membrane. As HF and LF hemodialysis differed significantly in Kt/V urea, the variables were adjusted to identical Kt/V urea using analysis of covariance. No relationship between Hct and dialysis membrane permeability was demonstrated even in this case. Use of biocompatible LF and HF membranes in standard hemodialysis modes under conditions of adequate dose of dialysis and the time period studied did not result in different effects on anemia.     

低钙透析联合高通量透析对透析患者颈动脉钙化的影响

目的：探讨低钙透析联合高通量透析（ HFHD）对透析患者颈动脉钙化的影响。方法：将36例维持性血液透析（ MHD）患者随机分为A组（使用高通量透析器）和B组（使用低通量透析器）,两组均为低钙透析,共观察12个月。观察治疗前后两组颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）、生化指标、血压、碳酸钙和活性维生素D3用量变化,记录不良反应。结果：（1） A组颈动脉IMT轻微增加,B组IMT明显增加,两组比较差异有统计学意义;（2）两组血钙、磷均有降低,A组较明显,B组甲状旁腺素（iPTH）明显升高,A组营养及炎症指标、血压改善优于B组;（3）两组碳酸钙及活性维生素D用量均增加;（4）无严重不良反应发生。结论：低钙透析联合高通量透析可改善血管钙化危险因素,延缓血管钙化的发生发展,可成为一种有效、安全且经济的治疗方法。     

Intraocular pressures during high-flux hemodialysis

The intraocular pressures of 16 patients with end stage renal failure treated with high-flux dialysis were measured before and during a high-flux dialysis treatment. The patients were selected so as not to have glaucoma or history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressures did not change significantly in any patients during or following a high-flux hemodialysis treatment. These data suggest that high-flux hemodialysis does not result in increases in intraocular pressure nor does it precipitate acute glaucoma in well-dialyzed patients undergoing intermittent in-center hemodialysis.     

高通量血液透析联合中药内服治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒的临床效果

目的 观察并探讨尿毒症皮肤瘙痒患者在高通量血液透析治疗过程中内服中药汤剂的临床效 果。方法 选取2022年1月-12月我院收治的94例尿毒症皮肤瘙痒患者为研究对象，根据患者所用治疗方 式的不同将其设为常规组（予以高通量血液透析治疗）和联合组（予以高通量血液透析治疗联合加服 中药汤剂），各47例，比较两组临床疗效、皮肤瘙痒情况（UP-Dial评分）、血清学指标（HA、5-5- HT、、CRP、IL-2、IL-8）及不良反应发生情况。结果 联合组治疗总有效率为97.87%，高于常规组的 80.85%，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；两组治疗后UP-Dial评分、HA、5-HT、CRP、IL-2、IL-8低 于治疗前，且联合组低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；两组不良反应发生率比较，差异无统 计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论 高通量血液透析治疗尿毒症患者过程中内服中药汤剂，能够进一步减轻皮 肤瘙痒症状，提高临床疗效，增强抗组胺作用，下调5-HT及炎症因子表达，安全性高，有一定的临床 应用价值。