辐射诱导小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核与骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的剂量-效应关系

目的 观察X射线照射后小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核(MN-RET)和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核(MN-PCE)的变化,为探索快速、高通量的辐射生物剂量计奠定基础.方法 54只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为3组,每组18只,分别施予X射线全身照射,吸收剂量分别为0、0.5、1、2、4和5 Gy.在照射后24、48和72 h,分别采用流式细胞术(FCM)和人工镜检的方法,观察外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE的变化.结果 在0.5～5.0 Gy范围内,3个时间点外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE均随剂量的增加而升高,剂量-效应曲线可拟合成直线回归方程(t=10.26～25.77,P<0.05);外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE之间明显相关(r=0.986-0.996,P<0.05).结论 FCM检测MN-RET有望成为快速、高通量的辐射生物剂量计或辅助诊断方法.     

胞质分裂阻滞微核法对辐射事故受照射人员的生物剂量估算

Objective To investigate the value of cytokinesis-block micronuclei(CBMN)assay in estimation of the biological doses of the victims of radiation accident.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from the 5 victims(Subjects 1-5)at 16 h after the radiation accident of Taiyuan,Shanxi Province.And the peripheral blood samples and bone marrow sample were collected from the victim No.1 at 23 and 24 h after the radiation.Eight days after the accident Subject 1 underwent allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.At difierent time points in the period of 1 year after the accident.peripheral blood samples were collected from these 5 victims.CBMN assay was conducted on the peripheral blood lymphocytes on the samples,and the biological doses were estimated based on the micronuclei(MN)frequencies.The nuclear division index(NDI)obtained from in vitro irradiation experiment using high dose of 60Coγ-rays was used to estimate the exposed doses for Subject 1. Dynamic arialysis of the MN frequency for the 5 victims was performed in the period of 1 year after the accident.Results The MN frequency of Subject 1 surpassed the value corresponding to the upper limit of the MN dose.effective curve.The dose range estimated bv the combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN+NDl)assay was 10-20 Gy for Subject 1.The doses estimated by MN frequency for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5 were 3.6,2.9,2.3,and 2.9 Gy,respectively.The estimated doses were in accordance with those estimated by physicat method.chromosome aberration analysis.and clinical symptoms.Prominent decrease of the MN frequency was observed at 26 d after the accident(18 d after the transplantation)for Subject 1(u=3.295,P<0.05).Gradual decrease of MN frequency was observed after the accident for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5.The MN frequencies 1 month after the accident of Subjects 3,4,and 5 were all significantly lower than those 16 h later(u=6.874,4.526,and 7.811,P<0.05).Conclusions Quick and accurate.CBMN assay reinforces and verifies the result of chromosome aberration analysis.The new index CBMN+NDI assay is of reference valne for estimating higher dose of irradiation.     

辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤反应相关基因表达变化的实验研究

目的 采用实时定量PCR技术,检测人外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤反应相关基因表达对X射线全身照射的反应,为探索新型辐射生物标志物奠定基础.方法 以吸收剂量为0、1、2、3、4、5 Gy X射线照射正常人外周血,在照射后4和24 h,应用实时定量PCR法,对淋巴细胞细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制物蛋白1a(Cdknla)、生长阻滞和DNA损伤基因45a(Gadd45α)基因的表达变化进行检测.应用胞质分裂阻滞微核法(CB微核法),检测淋巴细胞微核率变化.结果 Cdknla基因在人外周血淋巴细胞受到1～5 Gy照射后4和24 h,其相对表达量均较对照组显著性升高,至4 Gy达到峰值,5 Gy后不再继续增加.Cdknla基因表达与照射剂量呈线性相关(r=0.946、0.975,P<0.05).Gadd45ct基因在1～5 Gy照后4和24 h,其相对表达量均呈剂量依赖性升高,且照射后4 h的表达高于24 h(r=0.936、0.797,P<0.05).CB微核法中,在1～5 Gy X射线照射后4和24 h,各剂量组淋巴细胞微核率均显著增多,呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.990、0.984,P<0.05).结论 辐射使Cdknla基因和Gadd45α基因表达上调,表现出较好的剂量线性关系,有可能成为研制新型辐射生物剂量计的候选基因.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the expression of DNA damage response genes induced by radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocyte,and to explore the new biomarkers of radiation.Methods The human peripheral blood cells were irradiated to X-rays at different doses of 0,1,2,3,4,and 5 Gy.The quantitative real.time qPCR wag used to detect the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor l a gene(Cdknl a)and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene(Gadd45a)in lymphoeytes at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation,respectively.The method of CB mieronucleus was used to determine the change of micronucleus ratio.Results The expression of Cdknl a in peripheral blood lymphocytes wag increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy.reached the peak at 4 Gy and began to decrease at 5 Gy,which showed a dose-dependent manner(r=0.946,0.975,P<0.05).Similarly,the expression of Gadd45α in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was also increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy in a dose-dependent manner,while the expression of Gadd45a at 4 h wag higher than that at 24 h(r=0.936,0.797,P<0.05).The ratio of micronuclei wag increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy(r=0.990,0.984,P<0.05).Conciusions Cdknl a and Gadd45α expression could be increaged significandy at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy,showing a good linear relationship.which might be candidate for radiation biological dosimeter.     

不同剂量60Co γ 射线部分照射人离体血对染色体畸变形成的影响

目的 分析不同剂量60Co γ射线部分照射人离体血对淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响.方法 用0～8 Gy(剂量率为0.35 Gy/min)60Coγ射线在37 ℃条件下照射3份离体健康人外周血标本,以0.5∶1的比例与同一供血者的未受照血混合,120 min后进行培养、制片,显微镜下分析染色体畸变(双着丝粒+着丝粒环)的变化,借此进行剂量估算.结果 各组的双着丝粒体+着丝粒环和总畸变,以及断片和单体断裂均随着剂量的增加而增加.用双着丝粒+着丝粒环进行的剂量估算,0.5～2 Gy组大于照射剂量的1/3,4～8 Gy组均接近照射剂量的1/3.结论 染色体畸变可以作为估算非均匀照射的生物学指标之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of 60Co γ-ray partial radiation on chromosome aberration in human peripheral blood in vitro.Methods The samples of heparinized peripheral whole blood from 3 healthy persons were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at the doses between 0 and 8 Gy with the dose rate of 0.35 Gy/min at the temperature of 37 ℃ ,and then mixed with the unirradiated blood samples of the Microscopy was used to observe the chromosome aberration double ( centromere + centromere) and the biological dose was estimated thereby.ResultsThe amounts of double centromere + centromere were increased along with the dose of irradiation in all groups.The estimated biological dose was higher than the 1/3 of the irradiation dose when the dose was between 0.5 to 2 Gy,and was close to the 1/3 of the irradiation dose when the dose was between 4 to 8 Gy.Conclusion Chromosome aberration can be used as a biomarker in estimation of uneven irradiation.     

成骨细胞促进急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管恢复的研究

目的 探讨成骨细胞对放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管恢复的影响.方法 取18只雄性BALB/c小鼠股骨制备成骨细胞,其余42只小鼠随机分成健康对照组、成骨细胞组和生理盐水组3组.健康对照组不做任何处理;成骨细胞组和生理盐水组小鼠于6.0 Gy 60 Co γ射线一次性全身均匀照射后,分别经尾静脉输入成骨细胞(2×106个/只)和等体积的生理盐水.于照射后第7、14和21天计数小鼠外周血细胞,骨髓单个核细胞并作骨髓组织学观察.采用流式细胞仪检测骨髓单个核细胞中CD34+细胞百分比,采用免疫组织化学方法检测小鼠骨髓微血管密度.结果 照射后第7、14和21天成骨细胞组小鼠外周血细胞和骨髓单个核细胞计数,骨髓单个核细胞中CD34+细胞百分比,骨髓组织造血面积及骨髓微血管密度均明显高于生理盐水组(t=2.46～64.51,P＜0.05).结论 成骨细胞能促进放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管的恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of osteoblasts on the recovery of hematopoiesis and angiogenesis in acute irradiation injury mice.Methods The femurs of 18 male BALB/c mice were used to prepare the bone marrow osteoblasts, and the rest mice were divided into 3 groups as normal group, saline group and osteoblast group.The mice in normal group received no treatment, and the other two groups were received 6.0 Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation.After irradiation each mouse of osteoblast group was administered with 2 × 106 osteoblasts through tail vein injection, and equal volume saline was given to each mouse of saline group by the same way.The following factors were measured at 7, 14, 21 d after irradiation, they were the counts of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells ( BMMNC ) , the percentage of CD34 + cells in BMMNC, the histology changes and micro vascular density (MVD) of bone marrow tissue.Results The counts of peripheral blood cells, BMMNC and hematopoietic tissue area in osteoblast group were higher than those in saline group.The percentage of CD34 + cells in BMMNC and the MVD of bone marrow in osteoblast group were also higher than those in saline group at 7, 14, 21 d after irradiation ( t = 2.46 - 64.51, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Osteoblasts could significantly promote the recovery of hematopoiesis and angiogenesis in mice after acute irradiation injury.     

辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤反应相关基因表达变化的实验研究

Objective To detect the expression of DNA damage response genes induced by radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocyte,and to explore the new biomarkers of radiation.Methods The human peripheral blood cells were irradiated to X-rays at different doses of 0,1,2,3,4,and 5 Gy.The quantitative real.time qPCR wag used to detect the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor l a gene(Cdknl a)and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene(Gadd45a)in lymphoeytes at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation,respectively.The method of CB mieronucleus was used to determine the change of micronucleus ratio.Results The expression of Cdknl a in peripheral blood lymphocytes wag increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy.reached the peak at 4 Gy and began to decrease at 5 Gy,which showed a dose-dependent manner(r=0.946,0.975,P<0.05).Similarly,the expression of Gadd45α in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was also increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy in a dose-dependent manner,while the expression of Gadd45a at 4 h wag higher than that at 24 h(r=0.936,0.797,P<0.05).The ratio of micronuclei wag increased significantly at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy(r=0.990,0.984,P<0.05).Conciusions Cdknl a and Gadd45α expression could be increaged significandy at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation to 0-5 Gy,showing a good linear relationship.which might be candidate for radiation biological dosimeter.     

γ射线诱发人外周血淋巴细胞T细胞受体基因突变剂量-效应和时间-效应关系

目的 初步建立T细胞受体(TCR)突变频率的剂量-效应和时间-效应模型,为探讨TCR作为估算辐射生物剂量计提供依据.方法 将10名健康成年人的外周血淋巴细胞分成两组.第1组4人(男性)的外周血淋巴细胞分别给予0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0和5.0 Gv γ射线照射,用于拟合剂量-效应曲线,第2组6人(男女各半)的外周血淋巴细胞给予2 Gy γ射线照射,用于拟合时间-效应曲线.用流式细胞仪进行计数检测,计算TCR基因突变频率.结果 γ射线照射诱发TCR MF的辐射剂量-效应曲线,拟合最佳的模型为二次方程模型:TCR MF=92.14+22·61D2(R2adj=0.65);γ射线照射诱发TCR MF的辐射时间-效应曲线,拟合最佳的模型为二次多项式方程模型:TCR MF=3.74+743.66T+308.64T2(R2adj=0.79).结论 0～5 Gy范围内TCR基因突变频率与辐射剂量存在剂量-效应关系.照后4 d内TCR基因突变频率随时间的延长而继续增加,存在时间-效应关系.

Abstract：

Objective To study the dose-effect relationship and time-effect relationship of T cell receptor (TCR) gene mutation induced by γ-rays in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 10 healthy adults and lymphocytes were separated.Four samples from males used to fit time-effect curve were exposed to γ-rays at the doses of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,and 5.0 Gy,respectively,and 6 samples from 3 males and 3 females used to fit dose-effect curves were exposed to γ-rays of the dose of 2 Gy.Flow cytometry was used to detect the mutation frequency of TCR gene (TCR MF).Radiation dose-effect curves and time-effect curves were fitted and optimal mathematical models were selected respectively.Results The optimal mathematical model for radiation dose-effect was quadratic equation model:TCR MF = 92.14 + 22.61D2 (R2adj = 0.65).The optimal mathematical model for radiation time-effect was quadratic polynomial equation model:TCR MF = 3.74 + 743.66T + 308.64T2 (R2adj = 0.79).Conclusions TCR MF is increased as the γ-rayirradiation dose increases within the range of 0-5 Gy,and TCR MF is increased with the lapse of time within the range of 4 days after γ-ray radiation.     

香兰素衍生物VND3207对小鼠骨髓细胞遗传损伤的防护效应研究

Objective To study the protection of vanillin derivative VND3207 on the cytogenetic damage of mouse bone marrow cell induced by ionizing radiation.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group,2 Gy dose irradiation group,and three groups of 2 Gy irradiaiton with VND3207 protection at doses of 10,50 and 100 mg/kg,respectively.VND3207 was given by intragastric administration once a day for five days.Two hours after the last drug administration,the mice were irradiated with 2 Gy γ-rays.The changes of polychromatophilic erythroblasts micronuclei (MN),chromosome aberration (CA) and mitosis index (MI) of mouse bone marrow cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.Results Under the protection of VND3207 at the dosages 10,50,100 mg/kg,the yields of poly-chromatophilic erythroblasts MN and CA of bone marrow cells were significantly decreased(t = 2.36-4.26,P ＜ 0.05),and the marrow cells MI remained much higher level compared with the irradiated mice without drug protection (t = 2.58,2.01,P ＜ 0.05).The radiological protection effect was drug dose-dependent,and the administration of VND3207 at the dosage of 100 mg/kg resulted in reduction by 50% and 65% in the yields of MN and CA,respectively.Conclusions VND3207 had a good protection effect of on γ-ray induced cytogentic damage of mouse bone marrow cells.     

胞浆分裂阻滞微核法对山东"10·21"辐射事故病人受照射剂量的估算

目的 对山东"10·21"辐射事故中2例严重受照射者进行淋巴细胞微核(MN)检测,并估算受照射剂量.方法 用胞浆分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)法对2例患者(A和B)的外周血和骨髓样本分别进行MN检测.结果 2例患者的外周血培养均未见双核淋巴细胞.患者A的骨髓培养所获双核细胞极少,依据双核淋巴细胞多少粗估剂量＞20Gy.患者B的骨髓MN率为2.42个/细胞,剂量估计为8.7(8.0～9.4)Gy,与用染色体畸变分析、物理方法及ESR法所估算剂量接近,与临床表现基本一致.结论 MN法简便快速,结果准确,是除染色体畸变分析之外又一种可靠的生物剂量计.     

盐酸肾上腺素在骨水泥型髋关节置换术中预防骨水泥植入综合征发生的作用

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.     

抗放利对电离辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨2,2-二甲基四氢噻唑盐酸盐（抗放利）对辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤的防护作用。方法 采集健康人外周血,分为健康对照组、单纯照射组和抗放利防护组。照射剂量为2 Gy。抗放利防护组分0.2、0.5、1、2 mmol/L 4个浓度组,于照前30 min给药。通过染色体畸变分析、微核及单细胞凝胶电泳检测,观察抗放利对辐射致人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤的防护作用。结果 各浓度抗放利防护组与单纯照射组比较,染色体畸变率（t=5.34~25.48,P<0.05）、微核细胞率（t=5.18~29.44,P<0.05）与微核率（t=4.67~12.04,P<0.05）、彗星细胞尾长（t=16.18~19.64,P<0.05）、 尾矩（t=11.79~13.01,P<0.05）和Olive尾矩（t=12.44~14.88,P<0.05）、 尾部DNA含量（t=12.05~17.30,P<0.05）均明显降低。两个高浓度防护组（1、2 mmol/L）分别与两个低浓度防护组（0.2、0.5 mmol/L）比较,Olive尾矩明显降低（t=5.67~16.56,P<0.05）。2 mmol/L防护组与其余各防护组相比,微核率和微核细胞率明显降低（t=4.23~5.57,P<0.05）。结论 抗放利对辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤具有防护作用。     

X射线对人肺癌A549细胞CCR7表达影响的研究

目的 研究不同剂量X射线照射及照射后不同时间点对人肺癌A549细胞CC-趋化因子受体7(CCR7)表达的影响.方法 体外培养A549细胞,实验组采用直线加速器X射线一次性照射,细胞吸收剂量分别为2、4、6和8 Gy(源皮距100 cm;剂量率442.89 cGy/min),照射后4、12、24、48和72 h分别采用实时荧光定量PCR技术及Western blot方法分别进行CCR7 mRNA及蛋白质表达水平检测;对照组A549细胞除不接受x射线照射外,余处理同实验组.结果 A549细胞经2、4、6和8 Gy的X射线照射后,CCR7 mRNA及蛋白质在照射4 h后开始表达升高,达到高峰后相继出现下降;72 h后6和8 Gy组mRNA表达量仍高于对照组水平(t=6.75～7.26,P＜0.01),2和6 Gy组蛋白质表达量高于对照组(t=11.13～14.17,P＜0.01),而4和8 Gy组蛋白质表达量在48和72 h已降至对照组水平.结论 2、4、6和8 Gy的X射线照射A549细胞后,A549细胞CCR7mRNA及蛋白质的表达量明显增加,可能与一定剂量X射线辐射促进A549细胞增殖和转移有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.     

低剂量照射对小鼠骨髓移植造血功能的影响

目的探讨低剂量照射促进小鼠骨髓移植后受体造血功能的重建。方法通过对小鼠体外骨髓细胞进行不同剂量的照射，用^3H-TdR掺入法确定产生最佳刺激增殖效应的照射剂量。在骨髓移植前，对供体小鼠骨髓细胞给予最佳刺激剂量的照射，然后将被照射的骨髓细胞输入受体小鼠内，最后动态监测受体小鼠的外周血细胞和骨髓单个核细胞数量。结果在离体情况下，经6和8cGy低剂量照射的小鼠骨髓细胞增殖能力明显增强。用低剂量照射的骨髓细胞进行骨髓移植后，受体小鼠骨髓单个核细胞数和外周血细胞计数普遍高于相应的对照组。结论低剂量照射可能促进小鼠骨髓移植后受体造血功能的重建。     

应用细胞周期阻断法分析初诊白血病患者骨髓及外周血微核率

目的：对初诊白血病患者骨髓及外周血进行微核分析。方法：应用细胞周期阻断法对54例初诊白血病患者骨髓及外周血与30例健康人外周血淋巴细胞进行微核检测。结果：54例初诊白血病患者骨髓及外周血淋巴细胞微核率（MNR）和微核细胞率（MCR）,与30例健康人外周血相比,P〈0.01。同一患者骨髓与外周血淋巴细胞MNR和MCR相比,P〉0.05。急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、急性髓细胞白血病（AML）与慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者骨髓及外周血淋巴细胞MNR和MCR相比,P〈0.05。结论：白血病患者发病初期即存在染色体不稳定现象,不同类型白血病患者微核检测结果间有差异,推测与白血病的发病机制密切相关。     

辐射对Jurkat细胞P21蛋白及ICR小鼠胸腺细胞p21基因表达的影响

目的 探讨电离辐射对Jurkat细胞P21蛋白和ICR小鼠胸腺细胞p21基因表达的影响.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM),检测0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0及6.0 Gy X射线照射后Jurkat细胞中P21蛋白表达的变化.采用实时定量PCR技术,分别检测0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0及6.0 Gy X射线照射后4和24 hd'鼠胸腺及脾细胞中p21基因表达的变化.结果 不同剂量X射线照射后12和24 h,Jurkat细胞中P21蛋白表达在0.5～4.0 Gy范围内均随剂量的增大而升高(t=-24.23～-3.96,P<0.05),6 Gy时均出现表达下降(t=-11.19、-14.50,P<0.05);与假照射组相比,在0～6.0 Gy照射后4和24 h,小鼠胸腺及脾细胞中p21基因的相对表达量均随剂量增大逐渐增加(t=-29.96～8.80,P<0.05);并于6.0 Gy时达最高(t=-11.84～-3.42,P<0.05),仅胸腺细胞1 Gy照射后4 h除外(t=-3.42,P>0.05).结论 x射线能诱导P21蛋白及基因表达增加,并在一定剂量范围内存在良好的剂量-效应关系.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on the expression of P21 protein in Jurkat cell line and p21 gene in thymocytes and splenocytes of mice.Methods Flow cytometry (FCM)was used to analyze the expression of P21 protein in Jurkat cells at 12 and 24 h after irradiation to 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,and 6.0 Gy.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of p21 gene in thymocytes and splenocytes of mice at4 and 24 h after irradiation to 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,and 6.0 Gy.Multi-staining was used to analyze the micronucleus rates of Rct in bone marrow.Results The expressions of P21 protein were increased in a dose-dependent manner during 0.5-4.0 Gy(t=-24.23--3.96,P<0.05),but decreased at 6.0 Gy at 12 and 24 h post-irradiation(t=-11.19,-14.50,P<0.05).The expressions of p2 1 gene in both thymocytes and splenocytes of mice were increased in dose-dependent manner in the range of 0-6.0 Gy(including 6.0 Gy)(t=-29.96-8.80,P<0.05),and reached to the peak at 6.0 Gy at 4 and 24 h post-irradiation(t=-11.84--3.42,P<0.05),except thymocytes at 4 h and 1.0 Gy post-irradiation(t=-3.42,P>0.05).Conclusions The expressions of P21 protein and p21 gene could be increased by X-ray irradiation.which shows good dosedependent manners in certain range of dose.     

电离辐射对小鼠脾细胞中调节性T细胞及其相关分子表达的影响

目的 观察不同剂量X射线照射后不同时间小鼠脾细胞中调节性T细胞和叉头状转录因子(Foxp3)的表达变化,探讨X射线对调节性T细胞以及相关因子Foxp3的影响。方法 112只雄性ICR小鼠,随机平均分为低剂量(0.075 Gy)组和高剂量(2 Gy)组,用X射线深部治疗机分别进行0.075和2 Gy全身照射,于照射后0、4、8、16、24、48和72 h处死,取脾脏,分别应用流式细胞术和RT-PCR法检测调节性T细胞和Foxp3的表达水平。结果 0.075和2 GyX射线全身照射后,小鼠脾细胞CD4+CD25+Treg 细胞百分比均在照射后8 h达高峰,随后一直保持较高水平,高于照射前水平(2 Gy,在8、16、48、72h时,t=4.65、4.28、3.71、2.88,P<0.05; 0.075 Gy,在8、16、24、72h时,t=8.73、10.55、4.21、4.65,P<0.05)。Foxp3在mRNA水平,0.075 Gy照射后变化不明显,而2 Gy照射后于24 h形成峰值。Foxp3在蛋白质水平,0.075 Gy照射后并未有显著变化;而2 Gy照射后于16 h形成峰值,随后略有下降,但仍保持较高水平。结论 调节性T细胞及相关分子Foxp3的不同变化可能成为高、低剂量X射线诱导不同免疫效应的原因之一。     

Protective effect of an extract from Periplaneta americana on hematopoiesis in irradiated rats

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of W₁₁-a₁₂, an extract from Periplaneta americana, on hematopoiesis in irradiated rats.

Materials and methods: Wistar rats receiving total body irradiation of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays alone or with combined radiation and skin wound injury were used in this study. W₁₁-a₁₂ was applied either topically into the skin wounds or systemically by intraperitoneal injection. The numbers of white blood cells in peripheral blood, the nucleated cells and the colony-forming unit of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) in bone marrow were measured, respectively.

Results: Topical application of W₁₁-a₁₂ into skin wounds in rats with combined 6 Gy total body irradiation and skin wound injury could increase the neutrophils and macrophages in the wounded area and the nucleated cells in bone marrow at 24 h and 48 h, while the peripheral white blood cells did not show significant change. However, in rats with 4 Gy total body irradiation alone, the peripheral white blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells and the number of colony-forming unit of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were all significantly higher in the treatment groups by intraperitoneal injection of W₁₁-a₁₂ than those in the control groups by injection of normal saline at days 3 and days 5 after radiation.

Conclusions: W₁₁-a₁₂ showed a protective effect on hematopoiesis after total body irradiation and could increase the inflammatory cells in wounded tissues at the initiation stage after irradiation, which will benefit the management of combined radiation and skin wound injury.     

天葡圣航片对小鼠辐射损伤的保护作用

目的 观察天葡圣航片对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤的保护作用. 方法 将200只雌性昆明种小鼠随机分为Ⅰ(外周血白细胞计数)、Ⅱ(骨髓有核细胞计数)、Ⅲ(小鼠骨髓细胞微核检测),Ⅳ(血中超氧化物歧化酶活性测定)、Ⅴ(血清溶血素测定)5大组(每组n=40),每大组又随机分为低、中、高剂量药物组和辐射对照组(每小组n=10).低、中、高剂量按0.12 g/kg、0.24 g/kg、0.72 g/kg灌胃给药,1次/d,连续21 d;辐射对照组给等量蒸馏水.各组根据不同指标选择不同的照射剂量,各实验项目剂量组与相应的对照组均以同一剂量γ射线全身照射1次,照射后继续灌胃给药至实验结束.分别对每大组中各药物剂量组间进行相应检测指标的比较. 结果 以3 Gy剂量照射实验后第3天,中、高剂量药物组及第14天中剂量药物组的外周血白细胞计数明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);照射后第3天,中、高剂量药物组的骨髓有核细胞数明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),高剂量药物组的骨髓细胞微核率明显低于辐射对照组(χ~2=6.301,P<0.05);以6 Gy剂量照射后第7天,高剂量组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.05),以上差异有统计学意义.以2 Gy剂量照射后第14天,各剂量药物组的血清溶血素水平与辐射对照组比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 天葡圣航片对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤具有明显的保护作用.