aVR导联对前壁急性心肌梗死相关血管的诊断、预后价值

目的探讨前壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）aVR导联ST段抬高对冠状动脉左主干及左前降支近段病变的诊断及预后价值。方法将61例前壁AMI者的心电图和冠状动脉造影（CAG）及临床资料进行对比分析,根据aVR导联有无ST段变化分为抬高组（A组）及ST段无抬高组（B组）。结果①梗死相关血管为左主干病变的A组及B组分别为5例（19.2%）及1例（2.8%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。②梗死相关血管为左前降支近段病变的A组及B组分别为20例（76.9%）及5例（14.2%）两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。③发生心脏事件的A组及B组分别为10例（37.1%）、4例（11.4%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论前壁AMIaVR导联ST段抬高对诊断左主干、左前降支近段病变及预后有很好的预测价值。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死预后的价值

目的探讨心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后的价值。方法首次入院急性前壁心肌梗死患者57例，对其心电图和冠状动脉造影及临床资料进行对比分析。根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化分为抬高组、无偏移组。结果梗死相关血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为5例（21．7％）、1例（2．9％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．01）；病变范围为多支病变ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为10例（43．4％）、8例（23．5％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；发生心脏事件ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为8例（34.8％）、3例（8．8％），两组有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论aVR导联ST段抬高对预测急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后有重要的价值，应高度重视。     

急性心肌梗死aVR导联ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨体表心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)诊断及临床预后的意义.方法 收集2010年10月至2012年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院的患者共240例,根据患者入院时心电图aVR导联ST段有无抬高,分为A组(AVR导联ST段抬高)80例和B组(aVR导联ST段无抬高)160例,对两组患者临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果及主要不良心血管事件进行对比.结果 ①两组患者性别、糖尿病病史、PCI病史等一般临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②两组冠状动脉造影结果比较:IRA为左主干(LM),A组9例,B组3例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);IRA左主干和(或)三支血管(LM/3VD),A组46例,B组15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③aVR导联ST抬高对IRA为左主干的敏感性及特异性分别为75％和69％,对IRA为左主干和(或)三支病变的敏感度及特异度分别为73％和81％.④住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE),A组36例,B组25例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑤在住院期间,aVR导联ST段抬高(OR=10.03,95％CI=5.36～18.77,P＜0.01)是急性心肌梗死患者发生不良心血管事件的独立危险因素.结论 aVR导联ST段抬高提示急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管为左主干和(或)三支血管病变及住院期间不良心血管事件发生率增高.aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断及临床预后具有一定的临床指导意义.     

aVR导联对急性前壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管的预测价值及临床意义

目的 研究aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管的预测价值及临床意义.方法 101例首次急性前壁心肌梗死患者根据aVR导联有无ST段抬高分为A组（有ST段抬高）33例和B组（无ST段抬高）68例,对其冠脉造影、心脏彩超结果和临床资料进行比较.结果 ①梗死相关血管为左主干（LM）病变A组9例,B组2例,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;梗死相关血管为左前降支（LAD）近端病变A组22例,B组26例,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;多支血管病变A组15例,B组16例,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.②A组发生心脏事件11例,B组9例,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.③A组LVEF值明显低于B组（P＜0.01）.④A组CK-MB峰值明显高于B组（P＜0.01）.结论 aVR导联对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管的判定及预后有重要的临床价值.     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者ST段抬高Ⅲ导联＞Ⅱ导联的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图抬高的ST段Ⅲ导联＞Ⅱ导联的临床意义.方法按体表心电图Ⅱ导联和Ⅲ导联ST段抬高的波幅高低,将58例首次急性下壁心肌梗死患者分为两组:A组(STⅢ＞STⅡ)39例,B组(STⅡ＞STⅢ)19例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影检查,统计两组患者的临床资料、住院期间严重并发症的发生率及两组梗死罪犯动脉.结果A组患者心肌酶CK-MB峰值(234±65)u·L-1明显高于B组(165±54)u·L-1,统计学有显著差异(P＜0.01);A组患者合并右室梗死、胸前导联ST段压低、并发高度房室传导阻滞、心源性休克和住院死亡的发生率分别为38.5%,43.6%,43.6%,38.5%,10.3%,B组无上述合并症的发生,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01);而性别、年龄、合并高血压病、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症者两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).冠状动脉造影显示A组患者右冠状动脉近段闭塞或狭窄的发生率为38.5%,而B组无一例发生,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);B组患者左回旋支闭塞或狭窄的发生率为42%,而A组无一例发生,两组比较有非常显著差异(P＜0.01);而其他梗死相关动脉在两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论ECGⅡ、Ⅲ导联ST段抬高的不同幅度,对急性下壁心肌梗死患者的近期预后和梗死罪犯血管有一定的预测价值.     

aVR导联ST段变化对急性下壁心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）时aVR导联ST段变化对预后的影响。方法将56例下壁AMI患者分为aVR导联ST段压低者（A组）和aVR导联ST段不压低者（B组），观察住院期间心力衰竭、低血压、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）活性、心律失常发生率和死亡率。结果A组合并右室、后壁及CK—MB活性均大于B组者（P〈0．01及P〈0．05），并发症及死亡率亦高于B组。结论下壁AMI时aVR导联ST段压低者梗死面积大，并发症多，预后差。     

不同形态ST段抬高前壁AMI患者的临床特征

将发病12h内的前壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者分为ST段凹面抬高（A组）和ST段凸面抬高（B组）两组，观察两组心肌酶峰值、出现Q波和ST段抬高导联数，发病4周时左室射血分数（LVEF）、侧支循环情况、心肌梗死前24h心绞痛，以及发病半年时的心血管事件发生率。结果A组心肌酶峰值、Q波和ST段抬高导联数及半年时心血管事件的发生率均低于B组（P〈0．05），梗死前24h心绞痛发生率和LVEF高于B组（P〈0．05），侧支循环建立情况好于B组（P〈0．05）。提示与ST段凸面抬高的前壁AMI比较，ST段凹面抬高患者的心肌梗死范围小，心功能恢复和远期预后较好。     

aVR导联ST段回落对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者短期预后的评估价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高回落在非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征（NSTE-ACS）患者短期预后中的评估价值。方法纳入NSTE-ACS aVR导联抬高的患者45例;根据入院6h后aVR导联ST段是否回落分为ST段回落组（n=20）与非ST段回落组（n=25）;分析入选患者一般临床资料、心电图、冠状动脉造影结果,并对不良心脏事件的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 aVR导联ST段无回落组左主干＋三支血管病变率、30d内再发心肌梗死率、急诊PCI及冠脉旁路移植术比例均高于ST段回落组患者,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,aVR导联ST段无回落是入院后30d内不良心脏事件（死亡、心肌梗死及行血运重建术）独立预测因子（OR=18.54,95%CI：3.57～96.1,P〈0.001）。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高无回落的NSTE-ACS患者其预后差于ST段抬高回落者,aVR导联ST段无回落是NSTE-ACS不良心血管事件的独立预测因子。     

急性前壁心肌梗死支架植入后早期ST-T改变的临床意义

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内支架植入后早期ST-T改变与左心室重构的关系。方法 将急性前壁心肌梗死患者植入冠状动脉内支架后的28例分成A组16例（支架术后1hST段抬高最明显导联抬高的ST段压低70%,或总ST段压低≥50%,或24h内出现T波倒置）和B组12例（无A组心电图表现）。分别于术后1周与6月行超声心动描记术检查。结果 两组术后1周左心室收缩末期容积指数（LVESVI）、左心室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、室壁活动异常积分（VWMA）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）差异均无显著性意义（P均〉0.05）,术后6月A组的LVESVI、LVEDVI、VWMA均明显低于B组（P均〈0.05）,LVEF高于B组（P〈0.05）。而术后6月与术后1周比较,除A组的LVEF差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）外,其余差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论 急性前壁心肌梗死患者植入冠状动脉内支架后,心电图相关导联早期出现ST段明显回落或T波倒置者,其远期左心室重构的程度较低。     

心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断的价值

目的探讨心电图(ECG)对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)判断的价值。方法筛选2002年7月～2004年7月我院心内科住院的急性下壁心肌梗死患者60例,回顾性分析其症状发作后24小时内ECG改变。结果Ⅰ导联ST段抬高,ST段抬高Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联,导联V4RST段抬高≥0.5mm,V1和V2导联ST段抬高或压低,aVR导联ST段压低。5项标准可用于判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者的IRA,而aVR导联ST段压低为一项新的标准。结论aVR导联ST段压低为判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)的新标准。     

ST segment elevation in lead aVR and coronary artery lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Recently, the prognostic value of ST segment elevation in lead aVR in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its relationship with significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCAS) and three-vessel disease have been highlighted. AIM: Analysis of the relationship between ST segment elevation observed in aVR lead and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS. METHODS: The study involved 134 patients with ACS, including 54 subjects with ST elevation in aVR (group A) and 80 patients without elevation of ST in the same lead (group B), aged 33-78 years, mean 59.9+/-9.7 years. The severity of coronary artery disease was compared between the two groups. The logistic regression model was used for the analysis of factors affecting ST segment in aVR, as well as LMCAS and three-vessel disease probability. RESULTS: In patients with ST elevation in aVR, three-vessel disease prevalence was two times higher (61.1% vs 35.0%; p <0.01), and LMCAS - three times higher (55.6% vs 17.5%; p <0.000001) than in those without ST elevation in aVR. Factors independently associated with ST elevation in aVR were LMCAS (OR 6.1; 95% CI 2.62-14.23; p <0.00005), ST segment elevation in V1 (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.34-6.86; p <0.01) and diabetes (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.17-7.15; p <0.05). The predictors of LMCAS were three-vessel disease and ST elevation in aVR, while the predictors of three-vessel disease were: LMCAS, diabetes, male gender and history of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of the ST segment in aVR in the setting of acute coronary syndrome identifies patients with severe coronary artery disease. Only left main coronary artery disease, however, remains independently associated with ST segment elevation in aVR. Three-vessel disease and the left main coronary artery stenosis equivalent are not independent predictors of ST segment elevation in aVR of standard electrocardiograms recorded in patients with acute coronary syndrome.     

Prediction of acute left main coronary artery obstruction by 12-lead electrocardiography. ST segment elevation in lead aVR with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1).

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) features associated with acute left main coronary artery (LMCA) obstruction. BACKGROUND: Prediction of LMCA obstruction is important with regard to selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, because acute LMCA obstruction usually causes severe hemodynamic deterioration, resulting in a less favorable prognosis. METHODS: We studied the admission 12-lead ECGs in 16 consecutive patients with acute LMCA obstruction (LMCA group), 46 patients with acute left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) obstruction (LAD group) and 24 patients with acute right coronary artery (RCA) obstruction (RCA group). RESULTS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation (>0.05 mV) occurred with a significantly higher incidence in the LMCA group (88% [14/16]) than in the LAD (43% [20/46]) or RCA (8% [2/24]) groups. Lead aVR ST segment elevation was significantly higher in the LMCA group (0.16 +/- 0.13 mV) than in the LAD group (0.04 +/- 0.10 mV). Lead V(1) ST segment elevation was lower in the LMCA group (0.00 +/- 0.21 mV) than in the LAD group (0.14 +/- 0.11 mV). The finding of lead aVR ST segment elevation greater than or equal to lead V(1) ST segment elevation distinguished the LMCA group from the LAD group, with 81% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 81% accuracy. A ST segment shift in lead aVR and the inferior leads distinguished the LMCA group from the RCA group. In acute LMCA obstruction, death occurred more frequently in patients with higher ST segment elevation in lead aVR than in those with less severe elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1) is an important predictor of acute LMCA obstruction. In acute LMCA obstruction, lead aVR ST segment elevation also contributes to predicting a patient's clinical outcome.     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者aVR导联ST段变化的临床意义

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者aVR导联ST段变化的临床意义。方法首次急性前壁心肌梗死患者75例,均经再灌注治疗及冠状动脉造影,依据心电图aVR导联ST段变化将病例分为抬高组、无偏移组和下移组。结果前降支再灌注TIMI分级0~1级在ST段抬高组、无偏移组、下移组分别为15例(78.9%)、31例(91.2%)、21例(95.5%),后两组与ST段抬高组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。相对2~3级血流也类似情况,ST段抬高组与后两组比较有显著差异(P<0.01),犯罪血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、无偏移组、下移组分别为4例(21.1%)、1例(2.9%)、3例(13.6%),有显著差异(P<0.01);病变范围为前降支近端至S1,病变范围为前降支近端至D1,三组无明显差异,多支病变和侧支循环形成2级以上ST段抬高组与无偏移组,下移组与无偏移组均有显著差异(P<0.05);早期临床情况显示ST段抬高组和ST段下移组的血清BNP和cTnI明显高ST段无偏移组(P<0.05);ST段抬高组和下移组行CABG和IABP应用明显高于无偏移组(P<0.01),而左室射血分数(LVEF)无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论急性前壁心肌梗死患者如果aVR导联ST段抬高或下移可能提示有严重的左主干病变,左前降支病变或严重的多支病变,且有大面积的心肌梗死,心肌收缩功能损害明显,应用IABP或急诊CABG比率增高     

Improving the ECG classification of inferior and lateral myocardial infarction by inversion of lead aVR

OBJECTIVE—To assess whether the use of inverted lead aVR (?aVR) would improve the classification of acute inferior or lateral myocardial infarction presenting with ST elevation.DESIGN—Observational study. The presence of ? 1 mm ST elevation in lead ?aVR (derived by manual assessment of ST depression in conventional lead aVR) was determined by a single investigator, blinded to patient outcome.PATIENTS—173 consecutive patients with chest pain for ? 12 hours and ST elevation of ? 1 mm in inferior leads (II, III, aVF) or lateral leads (I, aVL, V5, V6), excluding those with anterolateral ST elevation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE—Incidence of ST elevation in lead ?aVR in patients with inferior or lateral ST elevation, or both.RESULTS—ST elevation in lead ?aVR was present in 25 of 136 patients (18%) with inferior but no lateral ST elevation (indicating greater superior involvement) and in three of 11 patients (27%) with lateral but no inferior ST elevation (indicating greater inferior involvement). ST elevation in lead ?aVR bridged the gap between inferior and lateral ST elevation in 15 of 25 (60%) patients with inferior and lateral chest lead (V5/V6) ST elevation, and in all patients with inferior and lateral limb lead (I/aVL) ST elevation. The presence of ST elevation in lead ?aVR was associated with a larger infarct size as defined by median peak creatine kinase on serial sampling: 1780 v 987  mmol/l; p = 0.021.CONCLUSIONS—Use of lead ?aVR improves the ECG classification of acute inferior or lateral acute myocardial infarction and thus may be useful as part of the routine 12 lead ECG assessment of such patients.     

急性冠脉综合征三支病变患者心电图表现

目的研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)三支病变患者心电图表现。方法241例冠状动脉(冠脉)造影明确的ACS分成非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)(n=173)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)(n=68)两种群体,比较各群体中三支病变与非三支病变患者心电图指标。结果NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者多表现为V₄~V₆、Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联ST段压低伴随aVR导联ST段抬高的心电图模式。与STEMI非三支病变患者相比,STEMI三支病变患者Ⅰ、aVL、V₆导联ST段抬高数占比较多,且多有aVR导联T波直立与低电压表现;冠脉造影提示STEMI三支病变患者右冠及左回旋支狭窄程度更重。结论NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者具有相对特定的心电图表现,STEMI三支病变患者心肌梗死部位广泛,易合并侧壁心肌梗死。     

左主干闭塞所致急性心肌梗死的心电图特点

目的分析急性左主干(LM)闭塞的常规心电图(ECG)表现,总结其ECG特点。方法1999年1月至2004年8月,10例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经急诊冠状动脉造影证实为急性LM闭塞(LM组),回顾性分析其急诊ECG表现。并选取同时期30例经急诊造影证实为左前降支(LAD)近段闭塞的AMI患者(LAD组),比较两组造影前的急诊ECG表现,以求总结急性LM闭塞的常规ECG特点。结果LM组心率快于LAD组,在心律失常发生率方面两组差异无统计学意义。LM组中9例患者存在aVR导联ST段抬高(≥0·05mV),发生率明显高于LAD组(分别为90%和36·7%,P=0·002),同时LM组aVR导联ST段抬高幅度亦明显大于LAD组。而LM组胸前导联V1-3的ST段抬高程度则明显低于LAD组。aVR导联ST段抬高>0·05mV诊断急性LM闭塞的敏感性为90%,特异性为63·3%。如果同时再满足V1 V2 V3导联ST段抬高程度<0·5mV,其诊断急性LM闭塞的敏感性为90%,特异性达到86·7%。结论aVR导联ST段抬高>0·05mV,同时伴有V1~V3导联ST段抬高不明显、甚至压低是急性LM闭塞区别于LAD闭塞的ECG特点,结合临床表现,分析ECG特点可能有助于造影术前预测此类患者和风险评价。     

ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR: a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The impact of ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR on outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrocardigrams (ECGs) were recorded on admission and 6 h later in 367 patients with NSTE-ACS. ST-segment deviation >or=0.5 mm was considered significant: 92 patients had ST-segment elevation in lead aVR on admission ECG (ST upward arrowaVR), and 275 did not. Among patients with ST upward arrowaVR, 50 had ST resolution, defined as a reduction >50% in the degree of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR from admission to 6 h later, and 42 did not. ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was associated with older age, greater ST-segment depression in other leads on admission and 6 h later, higher rates of positive troponin T, left main and/or 3-vessel coronary disease, and adverse events such as death, (re)infarction, or urgent revascularization within 30 days after admission. Multivariate analysis showed that ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was the strongest independent predictor of death or (re)infarction within 30 days after admission (hazard ratio 5.62, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution is a strong predictor of 30-day adverse outcomes and correlates with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS.