5—Fu福氏佐剂包裹物抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

本利用福氏佐剂包裹化疗药5-Fu，制成5-Fu-FCA，对其体内外释放进行了研究，与5-Fu注射液比较体内，体外均有明显缓释作用，并观察了5-Fu-FCA对艾氏腹水瘤、S180肉瘤（腹水性）及H22小鼠肝癌瘤（腹水性）、荷瘤鼠的抗瘤作用，发现于接种瘤株后第2日一次性注射5-Fu-FCA(4mg/只），小鼠存活期显延长，且每组均有2只完全治愈；与盐水FCA、5-Fu组比较有显差别（P<0.001)。该研究为提高5-Fu治疗效果提供了一个新途径。     

含硅的5-Fu衍生物抗瘤作用实验研究

用含硅的５－Ｆｕ衍生物进行了体外及体内抗癌试验。结果表明：化合物Ⅳ对Ｈｅｌａ细胞、Ｓ－１８０肉瘤腹水细胞均有明显的体外细胞毒作用，半数抑制浓度ＩＣ５０分别为４０．３ｕｇ／ｍｌ，３６．８ｕｇ／ｍｌ。在体内抑瘤试验中，Ⅳ对Ｓ－１８０，Ｌ２，ＨｅＰ等瘤株有明显的疗效。其抑瘤率分别可达６９．４％，５９．９％，４６．４％，对ＥＡＣ疗效显著，对小鼠生命延长率可达１６７．４％．     

腹腔化疗治疗晚期腹腔恶性肿瘤32例疗效分析

目的：分析腹腔化疗对晚期腹腔恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。方法：采用腹腔穿刺给药。有腹水者,抽尽腹水后,将５－Ｆｕ１０００ｍｇ＋卡铂２００～３００ｍｇ,分别加生理盐水４０ｍｌ注入腹腔;若无腹水,将５－Ｆｕ、卡铂＋２０００ｍｌ生理盐水作腹腔灌注。结果：３２例患者中,胃癌２０例,肠癌１２例,合并腹水者１８例。结果显效１０例,有效５例,稳定２例,无效１例,有效率８３．３％。可评估的恶性肿瘤３２例中,ＣＲ２例,ＰＲ１０例,ＳＤ１３例,ＰＤ７例,有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）３７．５％。结论：该疗法对老年晚期腹腔内肿瘤病人,能起到改善症状,缓解病情,延长生存期的作用。并且操作简单,费用较低。     

胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因与前体药物5-氟胞嘧啶联合应用对人乳腺癌裸鼠模型的实验治疗

探讨胞嘧啶脱氨酶（ＣＤ）基因与前体药物５－氟胞嘧啶（５－ＦＣ）对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗肿瘤作用．应用细胞克隆形成实验及裸鼠移植瘤模型研究ＣＤ／５－ＦＣ体系的抗肿瘤作用．５－ＦＣ０．５和１．０ｇ·Ｌ－１对转基因人乳腺癌细胞的克隆形成抑制率分别为９０％和９５％,显著高于未转基因的人乳腺癌细胞;５－ＦＣ（０．５ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｉｐ,１４ｄ）治疗组的转基因人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的瘤重和生长速度均显著低于未转基因的移植瘤．结果表明ＣＤ／５－ＦＣ体系对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤有显著的的抗肿瘤作用．     

~(19)F体内核磁共振技术观测5-氟尿嘧啶在小鼠肝脏中的代谢

应用１９Ｆ体内核磁共振技术（１９ＦＮＭＲ）直接观测了５－氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）在小鼠肝脏中的代谢产物和代谢动力学，昆明种（ＫＭ）小鼠和Ｃ５７小鼠ｉｖ５－ＦＵ２００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１后，用１９Ｆ表面线圈测得５－ＦＵ在肝脏中依次代谢为α－氟－β－脲基丙酸（ＦＵＰＡ）和α－氟－β－丙氨酸（ＦＢＡＬ）．在荷Ｓ１８０瘤ＫＭ小鼠肝脏中还可检测到活化产物氟代核苷／核苷酸（ＦＮＵＣ）．５－ＦＵ在ＫＭ和Ｃ５７小鼠肝脏中清除较快，消除半衰期分别为１６．７±３．０和３６．６±２．４ｍｉｎ，其主要产物ＦＢＡＬ的最大生成ｒｍａｘ（相对强度比）分别为８４±１４和９２±１０．但在ＫＭ小鼠肝脏中由ＦＵＰＡ进一步降解为ＦＢＡＬ的速率明显快于Ｃ５７小鼠，ｔ１／２ｒ分别为３１±８和５７±１３ｍｉｎ．相应地，在Ｃ５７小鼠肝脏中ＦＵＰＡ能维持一定的水平并达到ｒｍａｘ２６．２±２．２．     

~(19)F体内核磁共振技术观测5-氟尿嘧啶在小鼠植入肿瘤中的摄取与代谢

应用体内１９ＦＮＭＲ谱观察并定量评价了５－氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）在荷Ｓ１８０瘤和Ｂ１６瘤小鼠肿瘤内的摄取和代谢动力学过程．５－ＦＵ２００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｖ后，药物在Ｓ１８０和Ｂ１６瘤内的主要产物为其活性产物氟代核苷／核苷酸（ＦＮＵＣ），同时可检测到少量的降解产物α－氟－β－丙氨酸（ＦＢＡＬ）和α－氟－β－脲基丙酸（ＦＵＰＡ）．在Ｓ１８０瘤内，５－ＦＵ摄取，消除以及ＦＮＵＣ的生成有较大的个体变异，５－ＦＵ的消除半衰期ｔ１／２ｋｅ为４１．５－８４．８ｍｉｎ，ＦＮＵＣ生成ｔ１／２ｒ为２６．０－９１．９ｍｉｎ．当甲氨蝶呤（ＭＴＸ）与５－ＦＵ合用时，５－ＦＵ在Ｓ１８０瘤内的活化代谢过程明显加快，ｔ１／２ｋｅ缩短为２９．９－４３．４ｍｉｎ，ＦＮＵＣ的生成速率显著提高，生成量增加．５－ＦＵ在Ｂ１６瘤内的摄取及代谢过程的个体波动较小，其ｔ１／２ｋｅ为３９±５ｍｉｎ，ＦＮＵＣ的生成ｔ１／２ｒ为６０±７ｍｉｎ，在Ｂ１６瘤内，ＭＴＸ的合用不能明显加快５－ＦＵ转化为ＦＮＵＣ的反应，也不改变５－ＦＵ在瘤内的消除模式．上述结果表明，５－ＦＵ对肿瘤的化疗作用与肿瘤灌注５－ＦＵ在瘤组织内的摄取和活化代谢过程密切相关，亦可受到合用药物的影响．     

5-Fu雾化吸入病人血与相关组织中的药物浓度

为观察５－Ｆｕ雾化吸入在肺癌病人血及癌组织及其周围组织中的浓度,对１０例中心型肺癌病人（取组织及血标本者各５例）给予１２５％５－Ｆｕ４０ｍｌ雾化吸入,并在给药后适时取样检测血及相关组织中的５－Ｆｕ浓度,并与静脉滴注给药者做配对对照。雾化吸入即刻至给药后６小时血清中均可检测到５－Ｆｕ,但以给药即刻最高为（４５９±１７７）ｍｇ／Ｌ,显著低于静脉滴入组。术后３小时大气通、肺及肺门淋巴结内的浓度雾化吸入组均高于静脉滴入组;在肿瘤组织内浓度两组接近。     

直肠腔用5—Fu乳剂的研制

５－Ｆｕ是消化道癌肿的首选药。直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一，直肠癌术前用５－Ｆｕ辅助化疗一般是经静脉给药，疗效不够理想，且毒副作用大，有报道用５－Ｆｕ乳剂经直肠腔内给药是直肠癌术前辅助化疗的最佳措施，本文主要介绍了直肠腔用５－Ｆｕ乳剂的制备，质量控制及稳定性试验，并探讨了制备过程中应注意的问题。     

MTT法研究化疗药物对人胃癌细胞株的药效动力学特征

目的：研究化疗药物氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）、丝裂霉素ＭＭＣ（、阿霉素（ＤＯＸ）、顺铂（ＣＩＳ）对人胃癌细胞株（ＳＧＣ）的作用特征,探讨ＳＴＣ细胞株对单一及化疗药物的敏感性,化疗药物浓度及作用时间对细胞抑制率的影响。方法：ＸＧＣ朱在含有不同药物的不同浓度的培养基中孵育不同时间,用ＭＴＴ法测定细胞的抑制率,化疗药物浓度参照其在人体的最高峰值的浓度,选择其峰值浓度的１／２５－２倍范围,作用时间选择２～２４小     

Inhibitory effects of copper-aspirin complex on platelet aggregation

目的：研究阿司匹林铜（ＣｕＡｓｐ）对血小板聚集性的影响及其机制．方法：用Ｂｏｒｎ氏法测定ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板聚集性的影响．用荧光光度法和放射免疫法观察ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板５羟色胺的释放和ＴＸＢ２的产生及血浆中ＴＸＢ２和６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α水平的影响．结果：ＣｕＡｓｐ体外呈浓度依赖性抑制花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）诱导的血小板聚集和５羟色胺的释放（ＩＣ５０分别为１７和１９μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，９５％可信限为９－３３和１０－３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１），且抑制ＴＸＢ２的产生（Ｐ＜００５）．ＣｕＡｓｐ１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１灌胃选择性抑制ＡＡ诱导聚集．降低血浆ＴＸＢ２，同时升高６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α的水平（Ｐ＜００５）．结论：ＣｕＡｓｐ体内外均有比Ａｓｐ更强的抗血小板聚集作用．     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.