福州地区军队离退休老年人睡眠质量调查

目的 了解福州地区军队离退休老年人的睡眠质量及其影响因素.方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和一般情况调查表,对福州地区500例老年人睡眠质量进行调查.结果 500例老年人PSQI平均得分(5.72±4.01)分,睡眠质量差129例(25.80%),睡眠质量一般192例(38.40%),睡眠质量好179例(35.80%).影响睡眠的因素依次为:夜间如厕、易醒或早醒、入睡困难、咳嗽、做梦、疼痛等.本次调查,人群睡眠质量在年龄、性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况间无统计学差异.结论 福州地区军队离退休老年人睡眠障碍患病率较高,应治疗老年人的基础疾病,纠正影响睡眠的不良因素,提高睡眠质量.全社会应积极关注老年人的睡眠及健康问题.     

兰州地区部分军队离退休干部睡眠质量调查

正睡眠是重要的生理功能之一,长期睡眠障碍不仅影响人的认知功能、工作效率、心理健康,也与人体多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。老年人是睡眠障碍的高发人群,我们采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对兰州地区3个军队干休所的186名离退休干部进行睡眠质量调查,并分析其相关影响因素。1对象及方法 (1)对象:采用整群抽样方法,抽取兰州市3个军队干休所186名离退休干部进行问     

福州地区军队离退休老年人生存质量调查评价

生存质量调查是现代评价老年人健康水平较为完善的一种方法。为研究福州地区军队离退休老年人生存质量状况,我们于1998年1月-10月对福州地区军队1084例年龄≥60岁的老年人进行生存质量流行病学调查,分析其影响因素及其相互关系,制定和改进保健措施提供科学依据。     

福州地区军队离退休老年人生存质量调查评价

生存质量调查是现代评价老年人健康水平较为完善的一种方法.为研究福州地区军队离退休老年人生存质量状况,我们于1998年1月～10月对福州地区军队1084例年龄≥60岁的老年人进行生存质量流行病学调查,分析其影响因素及其相互关系,制定和改进保健措施提供科学依据.     

福州地区军队干休所老干部抑郁症状调查

目的 了解福州地区军队离退休老干部的抑郁症状检出率及其相关的影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样与分层抽样相结合的方法,选取福州地区14所军队干休所离退休老干部作为调查对象,以流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)为评定工具,采取面对面调查方式,调查老干部抑郁症状的检出率.结果 共调查500例,CES-D平均得分为(5.56±7.01)分,总分≥16分者44例,抑郁症状总体检出率为8.8％.单因素分析显示,婚姻状况、居住方式(独居)、吸烟史、需要生活照料者等分别对抑郁症状的发生率有显著影响,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);年龄、性别、文化程度、饮酒史及抑郁症状发生率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 福州地区军队离退休老干部抑郁症状检出率较高,并受多种因素影响,应该引起关注,重视老干部的心理健康.     

北京市科研院所离退休老年人睡眠质量影响因素调查分析

目的 分析北京市科研院所离退休老年人睡眠质量现况及其影响因素。 方法 采用方便抽样法,对677名年龄≥60岁的北京市科研院所离退休老年人进行问卷调查,调查工具包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)量表、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)及基础资料调查表。 结果 本研究中老年人PSQI总均分为(10.52±5.06)分,其中存在睡眠障碍者(PSQI>7分)455例(67.21%)。老年人最大的睡眠障碍主要表现为“夜间易醒或早醒”“30 min不能入睡”,分别占66.62%、59.38%。多因素logistic回归分析显示:性别(OR=1.783,95%CI:1.207～2.634)、年龄(OR=1.437,95%CI:1.093～1.888)、自评健康状况(OR=5.789,95%CI:3.526～9.505)、有无抑郁(OR=0.160,95%CI:0.061～0.419)或焦虑(OR=0.110,95%CI:0.025～0.479)是老年人睡眠质量的独立影响因素。 结论 北京市科研院所离退休老年人睡眠障碍普遍存在,且睡眠质量与老年人躯体及心理健康密切相关,家庭、社会应密切关注科研院所离退休老年人身心健康,改善其睡眠质量。     

军队离退休男性体检人群心理应激状况及与睡眠质量的关系

目的调查军队离退休男性体检人群心理应激状况及与睡眠质量的关系。方法对2015年3-7月进行健康体检的人群进行问卷调查,应用军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)评价应激程度,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评价睡眠质量。结果共纳入1132例军队离退休男性体检人群,平均(75.23±9.51)岁。高心理应激率为5.4%(61例),≥90岁人群应激率最高(10.8%)。心理应激程度高的人发生低睡眠质量情况明显高于应激正常的人(75.4%vs 20.5%)。进一步分析发现,高心理应激人群的7项PSQI睡眠因子得分及睡眠问题发生率均明显增高(P0.001)。结论军队离退休男性体检人群高心理应激问题突出,可能影响其睡眠质量。     

COPD老年人睡眠质量及影响因素分析

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)老年人睡眠质量状况及其影响因素,为提高生存质量采取措施提供依据。方法应用自行设计的一般人口学调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、简明健康调查量表(SF-36)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表于2012年7月—2013年5月对河北省唐山、石家庄、张家口市的6 173名≥60岁居家老年人进行调查。结果调查的6 173名城乡老年人中,有睡眠障碍者1 641人,占26.6%,患COPD 567人,其中有睡眠障碍者204人,占36.0%,PSQI得分(5.75±3.321)分;多因素分析结果显示,长期用药、长期卧床、健康状况、自我健康管理能力是影响COPD老年人睡眠质量的主要因素(P0.05)。结论COPD老年人睡眠质量影响因素较为复杂,老年人应注意减少卧床时间和用药量、提高健康状况和自我管理水平,以便改善老年人的睡眠质量。     

2015年乌鲁木齐地区城乡老年人睡眠障碍现况及影响因素分析

目的 对乌鲁木齐地区老年人的睡眠障碍现状进行调查,探讨影响老年人睡眠质量的相关危险因素。方法 2015年6－10月按比例分层抽样方法对乌鲁木齐地区60岁以上老年人进行问卷调查,调查工具包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)表、基础资料调查表和睡眠行为和影响因素调查表,有效问卷1 104份,有效率92.00%,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行分析。结果 老年人PSQI总平均分为(7.16±1.20)分,1 104名老年人中有504名总分>7分,占45.65%;女性在入睡时间、日间功能障碍、睡眠质量及睡眠效率明显差于男性,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),农村老年人在日间功能障碍、睡眠障碍、睡眠质量及睡眠效率明显差于城市老年人,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);性别(女性,OR=1.585)、地区(农村,OR=1.758)、婚姻状况(无老伴, OR=1.647)、患有慢性疾病(OR=2.576)、睡前吸烟思考(OR=1.824)、不规律起睡(OR=1.345)、咳嗽打鼾(OR=1.558)为老年人睡眠质量的危险因素。结论 乌鲁木齐地区老年人睡眠质量较差,影响睡眠的危险因素有生理及睡眠习惯等,应采取多种方式对老年人进行干预,提高睡眠质量。     

福州地区军队离退休老年人健康状况调查分析

目的：研究福州地区军队离休老年人的健康状况及其影响因素,为制订相应的防治对策提供依据。方法：对福州地区军队１０８４名年龄≥６０岁老年人的健康状况进行流行病学调查,采用中华老年医学流行病学组设计的“老年人生活质量调查表”及评价标准,以问郑访问和体格检查相结合的方法获得数据,应用ＳＰＳＳ软件包进行统计分析。结果：军队离退休老年人总体健康状况较好,评价为良好及中等的占８９．２１％,但老年人患慢性病情况相     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.