NRD辅助Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨感染性骨与软组织缺损

目的:探讨NRD辅助Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨感染性骨与软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年3月至2020年12月治疗的胫骨感染性骨与软组织缺损患者48例,男34例,女14例,年龄24~55(40.54±11.64)岁,分为研究组与对照组。研究组患者25例,男17例,女8例,年龄31~55(41.36±9.69)岁,采用NRD辅助Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗。对照组23例患者,男17例,女6例,年龄24~53(38.61±8.76)岁,采用传统骨搬移技术治疗。通过两组患者的治愈率、复发率、针道感染发生率、抗生素使用时间、创面愈合时间、外固定携带时间、骨搬移时间、骨愈合情况、术后功能等指标评价治疗效果。结果:随访时间12~62(33.0±7.2)个月,末次随访时,两组患者的治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组复发率低于对照组(P<0.05),针道感染发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的抗生素使用时间、创面愈合时间均少于对照组(P<0.05),两组之间的骨搬移时间、外固定携带时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组骨愈合情况、术后功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:NRD辅助Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨感染性骨与软组织缺损,可以达到满意的治疗效果,缩短了治疗周期及抗生素使用时间。     

预成型肋骨锁定钛板联合超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞治疗老年多发性肋骨骨折

目的:探讨预成型肋骨锁定钛板内固定手术与超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合应用对于老年多发性肋骨骨折患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年2月至2020年11月收治的221例老年多发性肋骨骨折患者,根据是否手术治疗,分为预成型肋骨锁定钛板联合超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞组(手术组)102例,保守治疗组(非手术组)119 例。手术组中男58 例,女44 例;年龄60~85(67.2±3.6)岁;肋骨骨折3~12(5.3±2.1)处。非手术组中男66 例,女53 例;年龄60~84 (66.8±3.2)岁;肋骨骨折2~11 (6.1±2.3)处。比较分析两组患者的临床资料、治疗效果及并发症情况。结果:两组患者术前临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),所有患者顺利出院。手术组患者肺部感染(P=0.028),肺不张(P=0.032),呼吸衰竭(P=0.026),主动下床时间(P=0.040),骨折愈合时间(P=0.035),住院时间(P=0.043),治疗后3 d疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)(P=0.028),治疗后5 d VAS (P=0.032),治疗后7 d VAS (P=0.019),术后3个月最大自主通气量(maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV)(P=0.042),1 s用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)(P=0.035)以及术后6个月MVV(P=0.021),FEV1(P=0.026)均优于非手术治疗组。结论:对于老年严重多发肋骨骨折的患者,预成型肋骨锁定钛板与超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞的联合应用与非手术治疗相比较,能够及时有效镇痛,恢复胸廓稳定性,缩短住院时间,减少肺部感染及急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS) 等并发症的发生率。预成型肋骨锁定钛板治疗老年多发性肋骨骨折具有较好的临床效果。     

肌内效贴联合电针治疗Ⅰ型肩峰撞击综合征

目的:探讨肌内效贴联合电针治疗Ⅰ型肩峰撞击综合征的临床疗效。方法:2019年1月至2021年6月,选取收治的82例Ⅰ型肩峰撞击综合征患者,分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组41例,女18例,男23例;年龄20~52(39.31±5.80)岁;左侧12例,右侧29例;病程3.2~35.4个月;采用肌内效贴配合电针治疗。对照组41例,男22例,女19例;年龄19~53(40.67±6.13)岁;左侧11例,右侧30例;病程3.0~36.0个月;采用单纯电针治疗。两组患者均采用电针治疗,3次/周,连续性治疗3周。治疗组每次电针治疗后,立即贴扎肌贴并保留2 d,分别于治疗前,治疗后即刻,以及治疗后1、3、8周后采用肩关节 Constant-Murley 评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),以及肩关节活动度对治疗效果进行评估。结果:治疗组1例在治疗1周后因对肌贴胶布过敏拒绝治疗,对照组1例在治疗1周后因对金属针过敏而拒绝治疗,其余80例完成全部治疗及随访。治疗后即刻,以及治疗后1、3、8周后治疗组VAS评分分别为(2.06±1.03)、(2.74±1.66)、(3.28±1.04)、(3.90±0.12)分,肩关节Constant-Murley 评分分别为(86.41±3.52)、(82.44±3.14)、(80.46±2.54)、(76.97±2.01)分;对照组的VAS评分分别为(3.35±0.41)、(3.08±0.92)、(3.77±0.67)、(3.96±1.04)分,肩关节Constant-Murley 评分分别为(75.82±2.73)、(74.72±1.53)、(73.66±1.53)、(70.68±1.95)分;两组治疗后即刻VAS、Constant-Murley 评分,以及肩关节活动度均优于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后即刻两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后1周VAS、Constant-Murley 评分,以及肩关节活动度均优于治疗前(P<0.05),但VAS两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Constant-Murley 评分以及肩关节活动度两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后3、8周VAS、Constant-Murley 评分,以及肩关节活动度均优于治疗前(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对Ⅰ型肩峰撞击综合征采用肌内效贴联合电针治疗,能够减轻局部疼痛,有效改善肩关节功能,患者运动时配合肌贴的保护,运动能力能够得到明显改善,具有良好的即时效应,而且无创伤,患者愿意接受,是一种即时有效的治疗方法。     

关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2020年4月,收治22例胫骨髁间棘骨折患者,男14例,女8例;年龄26~45(34.8±5.9)岁;手术时间为受伤后5~15(11.2±4.1) d。所有患者给予关节镜下骨块复位和单通道双线技术固定。术后根据X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术前及末次随访采用Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000评分和抽屉试验进行临床疗效评价。结果:22例患者全部获得随访,时间12~75(34.6±13.0)个月。Lysholm评分术前(30.80±9.55)分,末次随访(89.60±2.89)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.67,P<0.01);IKDC 2000术前(24.60±7.21)分,末次随访(80.00±6.17)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.41,P<0.01)。1例患者抽屉试验为弱阳性。结论:单通道双线技术可实现对髁间棘撕脱骨块的有效固定,操作简便、创伤小,适用于各种类型的髁间棘撕脱骨折。目的:探讨关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2020年4月,收治22例胫骨髁间棘骨折患者,男14例,女8例;年龄26~45(34.8±5.9)岁;手术时间为受伤后5~15(11.2±4.1) d。所有患者给予关节镜下骨块复位和单通道双线技术固定。术后根据X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术前及末次随访采用Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000评分和抽屉试验进行临床疗效评价。结果:22例患者全部获得随访,时间12~75(34.6±13.0)个月。Lysholm评分术前(30.80±9.55)分,末次随访(89.60±2.89)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.67,P<0.01);IKDC 2000术前(24.60±7.21)分,末次随访(80.00±6.17)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.41,P<0.01)。1例患者抽屉试验为弱阳性。结论:单通道双线技术可实现对髁间棘撕脱骨块的有效固定,操作简便、创伤小,适用于各种类型的髁间棘撕脱骨折。     

关节镜双后内入路与切开手术治疗急性单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折早期疗效对比

目的:比较关节镜双后内入路与切开手术治疗急性单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2020年6月经手术治疗的52例急性单纯性后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的临床资料,按手术方案不同分为两组,关节镜组27例患者行关节镜双后内入路手术治疗,其中男16例,女11例,年龄19~52(34.9±9.2)岁;切开复位组25例患者行膝关节后内侧切口手术治疗,其中男14例,女11例,年龄18~54(33.7±8.4)岁。观察并比较两组患者手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用、术后愈合情况、并发症以及术后12个月Lysholm、IKDC评分。结果:两组患者均顺利完成手术,无血管、神经损伤。52例均获得随访,时间6~24(15.0±1.7)个月。关节镜组手术时间、住院费用大于切开复位组(P<0.05);关节镜组术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间小于切开复位组(P<0.05);关节镜组和切开复位组术后12个月Lysholm评分分别为(95.9±1.7)分和(86.4±1.2)分,均较术前的(49.1±2.3)分和(48.9±1.1)分显著提高(P<0.05);关节镜组和切开复位组术后12个月IKDC总分分别为(96.9±1.5)分和(87.1±1.4)分,均较术前的(47.6±4.1)分和(48.1±3.9)分显著提高(P<0.05);关节镜组术后12个月膝关节Lysholm、IKDC评分均高于切开复位组(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜双后内入路治疗急性单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,早期效果满意,疗效优于传统开放手术,具有创伤小、恢复快、操作简便等优点。     

胫骨骨运输术中对接端新鲜化技术的临床观察

目的:研究胫骨骨运输术中对接端应用骨面新鲜化处理技术的效果。方法:对2014年1月至2019年12月胫骨骨运输术中对接端骨面新鲜化处理手术的20例患者进行分析。其中男15例,女5例;年龄19~62(42.3±11.5)岁;感染性7例,非感染性13例。对接端达到接触后即刻通过使骨面新鲜化处理的手术技术,清除卡入断端的皮肤和软组织,切除硬化封闭的骨端,改善对位,增加接触面积,术中即刻对对接端进行加压,并就近取骨植骨。术后继续逐渐加压。结果:缺损长度5~15(9.2±2.9) cm,从截骨到对接端接触需要26~243(109.1±51.1) d。所有患者对接端达到骨性愈合。达到影像学愈合标准需要3~7(3.7±1.1)个月,20例中15例需要腓骨截骨,其中14例腓骨的截骨端达到骨性愈合。胫骨牵开端的骨痂达到影像学坚实化的时间需要5~28(15.0±6.5)个月,骨愈合指数(bone healing index,BHI)为每厘米需0.8~2.8(1.6±0.5)个月。20例中1例胫骨切口出现感染。拆除外固定架后随访时间为12~73(37.6±20.3)个月,所有患者对接端未发生骨折。结论:胫骨骨运输术中,当对接端接触后尽早进行骨面新鲜化处理能缩短对接端的愈合时间,避免对接端再骨折,术中收集的松质骨和钻孔产生的骨屑能消除缺损和间隙,避免在其他部位取自体骨植骨。     

股骨髁间窝成形术防止胫骨高位截骨术后髁间窝撞击的临床研究

目的:观察髁间窝成形术预防胫骨高位截骨术后髁间窝撞击的临床疗效。方法:自2018年8月至2020年8月,采用关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨手术治疗84例内翻型膝骨关节炎患者,按照手术方法不同分为两组,每组42例。髁间窝成形术组男13例,女29例,年龄52~67(58.27±4.32)岁,先在关节镜下行髁间窝成形术,再行胫骨高位截骨术。镜下清理术组男16例,女26例,年龄50~71(59.02±5.14)岁,单纯行关节镜下清理术,再行胫骨高位截骨术。术后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、膝关节特种外科医院(hospital of special surgery,HSS)评分以及发生髁间窝撞击的情况对临床疗效进行评估。结果:84例患者均获得随访,时间12~18(14.1±1.6)个月。术后6、12、18个月膝关节VAS与HSS评分均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),术后18个月两组患者髁间窝指数、髁间窝撞击发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:髁间窝成形术可有效预防胫骨高位截骨术后髁间窝撞击的发生率,对患者术后膝关节疼痛及功能改善效果更为显著。     

锁定钢板联合同种异体骨/自体骨移植治疗Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折

目的 比较锁定钢板内固定联合同种异体骨或自体骨移植治疗Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院2013年4月至2016年4月采用锁定钢板内固定联合骨移植材料填充治疗的88例单侧Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折病人的临床资料。43例采用同种异体骨填充（同种异体骨组）,45例采用自体骨填充治疗（自体骨组）。比较两组术前、术后12个月跟骨Böhler角、Gissane角,术后完全负重时间,跟骨高度丢失情况以及术后并发症,采用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评价患足功能。结果 所有病人平均随访12个月,术后12个月两组跟骨Gissane角、Böhler角均较术前恢复,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;同种异体骨组和自体骨组术后完全负重时间［（6.23±0.83）个月 vs. （5.92±0.83）个月］、患足AOFAS评分［（79.64±14.54）分 vs. （82.21±11.74）分］、跟骨高度丢失量［（2.16±0.39）mm vs. （2.33±0.38）mm］、并发症发生率（23.26% vs. 24.44%）之间的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 锁定钢板联合同种异体骨或自体骨移植治疗Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折均能减轻疼痛,纠正跟骨畸形,恢复足功能,疗效无明显差异。     

附加锁定钢板并植骨治疗保留髓内钉的下肢长骨干骨折不愈合

目的:探讨保留原有髓内钉基础上附加锁定钢板并植骨治疗下肢长骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后不愈合的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月至2020年6月收治的20例下肢长骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后骨折不愈合患者,均采用保留原髓内钉,取自体髂骨植骨,行陈旧性骨折切开复位钢板内固定并植骨术,其中男14例,女6例;年龄35~56(42.2±9.6)岁;股骨干骨折9例,胫骨干骨折11例。根据骨折端不愈合的特点分型:稳定/萎缩型6例,不稳定/肥大型9例,不稳定/萎缩型5例。骨折不愈合时间为初次术后8~12(9.8±2.0)个月。记录并比较术前及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),膝关节活动度,骨愈合时间及并发症和骨折端愈合情况。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间18~48(36.3±10.5)个月。所有患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及内固定断裂等并发症发生。骨折均达到骨性愈合,股骨愈合时间(8.5±2.6)个月,胫骨愈合时间(9.5±2.2)个月;膝关节活动度由术前的(101.05±8.98)°提高至末次随访(139.35±8.78)°(t=-12.845,P＜0.001)。VAS由术前(5.15±1.72)分降至末次随访(0.75±0.96)分(t=11.186,P＜0.001)。结论:在保留原有髓内钉基础上,附加锁定钢板内固定并取自体髂骨植骨术,具有操作简单、创伤小、并发症少及骨折愈合率高等优点,是治疗下肢长骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后骨不愈的有效手术方案之一。     

两种弹性固定系统在单节段腰椎间盘突出症髓核摘除术中的对照研究

目的:探讨两种弹性椎弓根内固定系统在单节段腰椎间盘突出症开窗髓核摘除术中的临床应用。方法:对2019年6月至2021年3月采用手术治疗的64例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,根据术中置入不同的弹性固定系统,分为使用普通椎弓根螺钉弹性棒连接固定组(弹性棒组)和特制弹性椎弓根螺钉刚性棒连接固定组(弹性钉组)。其中弹性棒组33例,男18例,女15例,年龄30~69(49.18±10.23)岁;弹性钉组31例,男16例,女15例,年龄32~68(49.81±9.24)岁。分别记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后伤口引流量及术后下地时间,比较术前及术后3、12个月时的腰背疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分,Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI);测量术前及术后12个月侧位DR片上位邻近椎体间隙高度;采用Macnab标准评定临床疗效。结果:两组患者均顺利完成手术并获随访。弹性棒组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后下地时间分别为(63.73±12.01) min、(89.55±16.07) ml、(81.67±16.00) ml、(3.45±0.75) d,弹性钉组为(62.96±11.54) min、(88.35±17.14) ml、(82.29±15.40) ml、(3.29±0.78) d,组间比较差异无统计学意义。所有患者术后腰痛及下肢麻木等症状明显改善,两组患者手术前后的VAS、JOA评分、ODI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后12个月上位邻近椎体间隙高度与术前同一节段椎体间隙高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术前后组间差异无统计学意义。按照Macnab标准评定疗效,弹性棒组优30例,良2例,可1例;弹性钉组优29例,良2例,可0例,组间差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.42,P=0.68)。结论:在腰椎间盘突出症开窗髓核摘除术中,两种弹性椎弓根内固定系统疗效相当,均可使用。而弹性钉内固定系统对于两椎体之间距离较短,在弹性棒不能放入或放入困难时具有一定的优势,使用更广泛。     

Correction outcomes of the postoperative malalignment salvaged by the temporary application of the hexapod external fixator in tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by monolateral external fixation

BackgroundPostoperative malalignment in fractures treated by monolateral external fixation is not uncommon in clinical practice. Accurate reduction without excessive tissue disruption caused by surgical intervention and sequentially manage the fractures using monolateral external fixation for definitive treatment is still a challenge for surgeons. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the temporary application of the hexapod external fixator (HEF) for the postoperative malalignment correction in tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by monolateral external fixation.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of 23 trauma patients with tibial diaphyseal fracture treated by the monolateral external fixation at our institution from January 2016 to May 2019. There were 21 males and 2 females with a mean age of 38 years (range 18-60 years). The hexapod external fixator was temporarily applied due to postoperative malalignment within two weeks and who unwilling to undergo a secondary surgical intervention. For patients with postoperative malalignment requiring correction, the HEF components were installed on the original existing half pins of the monolateral external fixator after removing the connecting rod. The standard anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the injured limb combined with the temporary HEF were conducted to measure the hexapod external fixator parameters. Any residual deformities were corrected by gradual struts adjustment with the aid of computer-based software. When satisfactory alignment was achieved, the HEF was removed, and the monolateral external fixator was sequentially used as the definitive structure.ResultsAll patients acquired functional reduction, which was evaluated by radiographs. The mean correction time was 4 days (range 2 to 8 days). The mean coronal plane translation (1.3±1.0 mm), coronal plane angulation (0.9±0.7°), sagittal plane translation (1.4±1.1 mm), and sagittal plane angulation (0.7±0.7°) after correction were all less than those (7.0±4.9 mm, 4.7±2.3°, 5.6±3.6 mm, 3.2±2.5°) before correction.ConclusionsThe temporary application of the hexapod external fixator is an alternative and feasible method for the postoperative malalignment correction in tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by monolateral external fixation.     

个体化可控性应力外固定技术在胫骨开放性骨折中的应用

目的:研究个体化可控性应力外固定架在治疗胫骨开放性骨折时的临床疗效。方法 :2018年12月至2020年7月收治60例胫骨开放性骨折患者,男35例,女25例;年龄23～58岁;病程1.2～10.0 h。根据术后对骨折端应力刺激的大小将其分为4组,其中包括无应力组(15例)及不同应力刺激的3组(各组15例)。所有胫骨开放骨折患者行可控性应力外固定支架手术治疗,术后4周,应力组以患者体重为参考,调节弹性外固定架向骨折端施加自身体重1/6、2/6、3/6的轴向应力。观察所有患者术后伤口愈合情况,随访术后4、6、8、10、12周时骨折断端平扫CT图片,计算每10个扫描平面骨痂面积的平均值,比较各组间的差异。观察终末随访患者的骨折愈合情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:术后所有患者伤口愈合良好,其中有7例Ⅱ期行游离植皮及转移肌皮瓣手术。所有患者获得随访,时间12～24个月,平均16.5个月。终末随访结果显示应力组和无应力组的骨折愈合比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。给予骨折端轴向应力刺激后,4、6、8、10、12周对所有患者骨折断端行CT检查,计算10个平扫平面骨痂面积的平均值分别为:无应力组(0.275±0.092)、(0.383±0.051)、(0.412±0.048)、(0.472±0.019)、(0.548±0.036) mm2,应力组的骨痂长入面积值明显高于无应力组,通过比较各组数据差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用可控性应力外固定技术治疗胫骨开放性骨折时,4周后根据患者自身体重调节弹性外固定架,予骨折端施加一定的轴向应力,有利于患者骨折的愈合,可以降低开放性骨折骨延迟愈合或不愈合的发生率,具有一定的应用价值。     

外固定器治疗老年性背伸型粉碎性桡骨远端骨折的病例对照试验

目的：比较分析外固定器固定与小夹板固定在治疗老年背伸型粉碎性桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法：2005年6月至2008年6月治疗背伸型粉碎性桡骨远端骨折74例82侧,外固定器组34例38侧,男27例,女7例;平均年龄（70．05±3．70）岁,行外固定器固定。小夹板组40例44侧,男29例,女11例;平均年龄（70．30±3．48）岁,行小夹板外固定。比较两组患者复位后掌倾角及尺偏角丢失、拆除固定后腕关节功能评分。结果：术后1周,小夹板组即出现掌倾角与尺偏角的丢失（P〈．01）。拆除外固定1个月时,小夹板组与术后当天比较,角度丢失更加明显（P〈0．01）;而外固定器组角度丢失不明显（P〉0．05）。拆除外固后1个月进行腕关节功能评定,外固定器组优于小夹板组（P〈0．05）。结论：治疗老年背伸型粉碎性桡骨远端骨折,宜采用外固定器固定,可减少复位丢失,有利于功能恢复。     

Treatment of tibial defect and bone nonunion with limb shortening with external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft

Objective: To explore the effect of external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX) in the treatment of tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening. Methods : Twenty patients ( 13 males and 7 females)with tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion or congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening were treated with external fixation, Two kinds of external fixators were used: a half ring sulcated external fixator used in 13 patients and a combined external fixator in 7 patients.Foot-drop was corrected at the same time with external fixation in 4 patients. The shortened length of the tibia was in the range of 2-9 cm, with an average of 4.8 cm. For bone grafting, RBX was used in 12 patients, autogenous ilium was used in 3 patients and autogenous fibula was implanted as a bone plug into the medullary canal in 1 case,and no bone graft was used in 4 patients. Results: All the 20 patients were followed-up for 8 months to 7 years, averaging 51 months. Satisfactory function of the affected extremities was obtained. All the shortened extremities were lengthened to the expected length. For all the lengthening area and the fracture sites,bone union was obtained at the last. The average healing time of 12 patients treated with RBX was 4.8 months. Conclusions: Both the half ring sulcated external fixator and the combined external fixator have the advantages of small trauma, simple operation, elastic fixation without stress shielding and non-limitation from local soft tissue conditions, and there is satisfactory functional recovery of affected extremities in the treatment of tibial bone defects, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia combined with limb shortening.RBX has good biocompatibility and does not cause immunological rejections. It can also be safely used in treatment of bone nonunion and has reliable effect to promote bone healing.     

Ball-joint versus single monolateral external fixators for definitive treatment of tibial shaft fractures

Purpose

To compare modular monolateral external fixators with single monolateral external fixators for the treatment of open and complex tibial shaft fractures, to determine the optimal construct for fracture union.

Materials and methods

A total of 223 tibial shaft fractures in 212 patients were treated with a monolateral external fixator from 2005 to 2011; 112 fractures were treated with a modular external fixator with ball-joints (group A), and 111 fractures were treated with a single external fixator without ball-joints (group B). The mean follow-up was 2.9 years. We retrospectively evaluated the operative time for fracture reduction with the external fixator, pain and range of motion of the knee and ankle joints, time to union, rate of malunion, reoperations and revisions of the external fixators, and complications.

Results

The time for fracture reduction was statistically higher in group B; the rate of union was statistically higher in group B; the rate of nonunion was statistically higher in group A; the mean time to union was statistically higher in group A; the rate of reoperations was statistically higher in group A; and the rate of revision of the external fixator was statistically higher in group A. Pain, range of motion of the knee and ankle joints, rates of delayed union, malunion and complications were similar.

Conclusion

Although modular external fixators are associated with faster intraoperative fracture reduction with the external fixator, single external fixators are associated with significantly better rates of union and reoperations; the rates of delayed union, malunion and complications are similar.     

外固定架与DVR解剖锁定板治疗C型桡骨远端骨折的疗效对比

目的:比较DVR解剖锁定钢板与外固定架治疗C型桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法:对2009年1月至2013年12月收治的52例C型桡骨远端骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中31例采用掌侧入路切开复位、DVR解剖锁定钢板内固定(钢板内固定组),男11例,女20例;年龄24~65岁,平均(47.3±10.9)岁;左侧13例,右侧18例;按桡骨远端骨折AO分型,C1型12例,C2型15例,C3型4例。21例采用闭合复位、外固定架固定(外固定架组),男8例,女13例;年龄26~69岁,平均(48.1±12.1)岁;左侧10例,右侧11例;按桡骨远端骨折AO分型,C1型7例,C2型11例,C3型3例。对两组患者的术后影像学、腕关节活动度及Gartland-Werley功能评分进行比较。结果:术后52例患者均获得随访,钢板内固定组随访时间13~36个月,平均20.4个月;外固定架组随访时间11~33个月,平均17.1个月。钢板内固定组患者掌倾角和尺偏角均优于外固定架组(P0.05),两组患者桡骨高度和Gartland-Werley评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。钢板内固定组1例出现腕关节僵硬、握力下降;外固定架组发生钉道感染2例,固定松动1例,腕关节僵硬、握力下降2例。结论:采用DVR解剖锁定钢板治疗C型桡骨远端骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,疗效优于外固定架,但DVR解剖锁定钢板内固定手术费用高,需二次手术取出内固定,临床上可根据患者具体情况选择治疗方式。     

穴位穿针联合Ilizarov技术矫形治疗中老年膝骨关节炎

目的:探讨穴位穿针联合Ilizarov技术矫形治疗中老年膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:自2015年3月至2016年2月,采用胫骨截骨并行Ilizarov技术矫形治疗原发性膝骨关节炎患者76例,男24例,女52例;年龄56～75岁,平均61.4岁;病程3～17年,平均5.2年。38例采用穴位穿针外固定(穴位穿针组),38例采用解剖穿针外固定(解剖穿针组)。术前双下肢全长X线片示胫骨内翻畸形,内侧膝关节间隙变窄,外侧间隙增大。体表测量患膝下肢力线内移,KSS膝功能评分降低。所有患者膝关节内侧疼痛、屈伸活动可,保守治疗2年以上。结果:术后两组患者下肢力线均得到矫正,截骨端均愈合良好。未见截骨不愈合、下肢矫正不到位或畸形复发等。75例患者术后3、6、12、24个月随访,两组患者术前、术后6、12、24个月膝关节活动度测量结果变化差异无统计学意义(F=1.346,P0.05)。两组术后3个月复查KSS疼痛与总分比较,差异有统计学意义,穴位穿针组优于解剖穿针组(P0.05);术后12个月KSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位穿针组在术后调整过程中,通过Ilizarov环形外固定支架上的钢针持续拉紧,在穴位区形成一个潜在的针刺作用,术后佩戴外固定矫正支架的3个月内,膝骨关节炎膝痛症状快速、持续有效缓解方面,明显优于解剖穿针组。     

Proximal tibial osteotomy for genu varum: Radiological evaluation of deformity correction with a plate vs external fixator

BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO) is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee varus. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques: acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external fixator.AIM To compare of the radiological results of two different techniques: acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw) and gradual correction(external fixator).METHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were included. All patients had moderate uniplanar varus deformities. We measured radiographic parameters, including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD), medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA), Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI), posterior proximal tibial angle, and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA). The accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment arthritis.RESULTS Demographics including age, body mass index, sex, and preoperative deformities were similar between the groups. The MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD = 8.2 mm) to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD = 5.4 mm)(P 0.001). The accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD = 8.1%) in the plate group and 98.2%(SD = 5.2%) in the external fixator group(P = 0.18). The MPTA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD = 2.9°) to 90.9°(SD = 3.3°)(P 0.001), and the change was similar between the groups. Differences were noted in patella height, with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD = 13.7%) and 3.1%(SD = 8.0%) for the plate and external fixator groups, respectively(P 0.001). The change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD = 1.1 degrees) and 0.9 degrees(SD = 0.9 degrees) for the plate and external fixator groups, respectively(P = 0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external fixator technique. The patellar height decreased with the open wedge plate technique. Joint line obliquity decreased to a greater degree with the open wedge plate technique, perhaps as a result of medial collateral ligament release. The appropriate technique should be selected based on surgeon and patient preferences; however, external fixation may be a better choice when the preservation of patellar height is deemed important.     

Stability with unilateral external fixation in the tibia

Abstract Unilateral external fixation can be used in the provisional or definitive treatment of tibial fractures. A properly applied fixator allows bony and soft tissue stability, whereas an improperly applied fixator achieves neither and can be a hindrance. The principles for the successful application of monolateral external fixation, including the rationale for choosing this type of device, the assembly of its components and deciding on planes of application, are discussed in this article.