分离性上肢运动障碍型颈椎病中西医结合治疗

目的:探讨分离性上肢运动障碍型颈椎病的诊断、治疗。方法:综合分析2例病人的临床症状、体征、影像学资料和诊治过程及预后。结果:经综合的中西医结合治疗后,2例均恢复良好。结论:该型颈椎病比较特殊,少见,因易与运动神经元病相混淆而导致误诊,提高对这种少见的非典型颈椎病的认识,尽早明确诊断和针对影像学而采取的治疗方案对该病的预后有重要意义。     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

鼻敏感颗粒调控变应性鼻炎Treg细胞诱导免疫耐受的研究

目的：探讨鼻敏感颗粒通过诱导Treg细胞变化,使变应性鼻炎的机体产生免疫耐受,达到治疗目的。方法：本研究以SD大鼠为实验动物,分为空白组、模型组和鼻敏感颗粒组,建立变应性鼻炎大鼠模型,并予以鼻敏感颗粒灌胃,借助流式细胞仪和ELISA法检测标本的 CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg和IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β1、IL-13的数值。结果：流式细胞仪检测结果表明,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg在造模成功后下降（P<0.05）,但在鼻敏感颗粒治疗后上升（P<0.05）,达到正常空白组水平（P>0.05）。细胞因子ELISA法的结果表明,在造模成功后IL-10 和TGF-β1浓度明显下降（P<0.0001）,IL-4和IL-13浓度明显上升（P<0.0001）,而在鼻敏感颗粒治疗后IL-10和TGF-β1的血中浓度回升但未达到正常空白组水平,IL-4和IL-13血中浓度下降但未达到正常空白组水平。结论：鼻敏感颗粒可以上调变应性鼻炎大鼠的Treg细胞数量,使其分泌的IL-10 和TGF-β1量上升,抑制Th2细胞活性,使IL-4和IL-13分泌量下降,从而改善变应性鼻炎症状。     

巴西可可（Guarana）

活性成分与药理作用巴西可可的药用部位是其种子，含2．5％～7％咖啡因（相当于咖啡中的1％～2％），为一种中枢神经系统刺激剂，增强心率和收缩力，抑制血小板凝集，促进胃酸分泌，引起多尿，松弛脑外血管和支气管平滑肌，促进儿茶酚胺释放，间接抑制组胺释放。巴西可可还含作用类似于咖啡因的茶碱和可可碱，以及可致癌和肝毒性的鞣质。此外，还含有微量鱼毒药替包宁（timbonine）。     

丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行测定,为高品质丹参药材的筛选提供某种依据,并为中药材质量标准的建立提供一定的参考价值.[方法]样品经湿法消解后,用原子吸收分光光度法进行检测.[结果]超标率为:铅6.25%;镉100%;砷0;汞0;铜31.25%.[结论]不同产地的丹参药材中砷、汞含量较低,铅和铜的含量个别超标,镉含量严重超标.     

Sesterterpenoids, terretonins A-D, and an alkaloid, asterrelenin, from Aspergillus terreus

Four new sesterterpenoids, terretonins A-D (1-4), and a new alkaloid, asterrelenin (5), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid-state fermented culture of Aspergillus terreus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The structures of 1, 2, and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Taxol content in bark, wood, root, leaf, twig, and seedling from several Taxus species

Taxol content in various parts of several Taxus species have been determined. The weight percent ranged from 0.00003 to 0.069.     

血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP-43和NF-H表达的影响

目的:观察血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP43和NF-H表达的影响,探讨其促进周围神经再生的可能机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为血竭给药组(灌服血竭的香油溶液)和空白对照组(等体积香油),制备血竭含药血清和空白对照血清.选取出生3 dSD大鼠双侧坐骨神经制备雪旺氏细胞;将培养的雪旺氏细胞分为血竭组和空白对照组,分别用10％血竭含药血清和空白对照血清干预培养.48 h后应用RT-PCR法检测各组雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF等基因mRNA表达水平.结果:镜下观察到大部分雪旺氏细胞呈双极梭形,细胞呈肩对肩或端对端排列,免疫细胞化学鉴定均呈阳性;与空白组比较,血竭组NGF,LNGFR,GDNF和GAP43 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),CNTF和TrkA的mRNA均下调(P＜0.01),NF-H mRNA无显著差异.结论:中药血竭可能是通过上调NGF,LNGFR,GDNF,GAP-43的mRNA的表达,同时下调BDNF,CNTF,TrkA mRNA来发挥其促进神经修复作用.     

一种热毒诱导的血栓形成动物模型的建立

目的：建立一种热毒诱导的血栓形成动物模型，为血栓性疾病的热毒病因病机研究、清热解毒法治疗血栓性疾病的作用及其作用机制研究以及清热解毒药的抗血栓活性筛选和临床前研究提供合适的动物模型。方法：将大鼠随机分成对照组和模型组。模型组动物先腹腔注射Ca 5 mg/鼠，16 h后再静脉注射LPS 50 μg·kg^-1。于造模后不同时间观察尾部血栓形成情况，测定外周血白细胞数量、血浆TXB₂，6-keto-PFG₁α,TNF-α和IL-6水平、白细胞黏附分子CD11b/CD18表达以及尾血管P-选择素表达。结果：造模后，可在大鼠尾部远端形成稳定的血栓，动物血液中的炎性因子TNFα和IL-6大量产生，白细胞黏附分子CD11b/CD18和血管内皮细胞P-选择素等表达明显增高，有较多的白细胞黏附于血管壁，外周血白细胞计数减少，提示本模型的血栓形成与炎症反应有关。结论：本模型由内毒素这种外源性热毒诱导，体内产生明显的炎症反应病理过程，提示热毒是本模型的重要病机。     

脉·经脉·经络——细筋·系·神经

经络学说起源于对“脉”的解剖生理学认识，以脉行的路径为经脉，以脉行的分支横出的径路为络脉，从而渐形成了经脉和络脉的概念。对经络学说提出挑战的是来自西方医学的传入，即人们在认识神经学说的结构与功能这后，来阐释经络沟通人体体表与体表上、下之间，体表与内脏内，外之间特异联络，调控和反应功能，在明末传入的西方解剖生理学，或是在晚清西方医学科学的东传过程中，与经络功能相关的中医词汇如“细筋”“系”等曾作为“nerve”的汉泽名词，从而在中西医汇能的初创阶段，奠定了经络与神经功能活动相关的文字转换基础。     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定热毒宁注射液中有害元素铅砷镉汞铜的含量

目的: 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 测定热毒宁注射液中铅(Pb),砷(As),镉(Cd),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)5 种元素同时的方法。 方法: 样品经微波消解后,以ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,其中Cu,As以铬(Ge)作为内标, Cd以铟(In)作为内标,Hg,Pb以铋(Bi)作为内标进行定量以改善基体效应和干扰。 结果: 各元素的检出限在0.009~0.113 μg ·L^-1; 各元素的线性关系良好,Pb,As,Cd,Cu,Hg线性范围分别为0~20,0~20,0~10,0~200,0~5 μg ·L^-1。r均≥ 0.999;精密度RSD<1.9%;重复性良好,回收率在97.8%~110.9%,RSD<4.3%。20批样品中5种元素的含量均符合规定。 结论: 该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,各项分析性能指标均达到要求,适用于热毒宁注射液中Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Cu元素的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定参麦注射液中9种皂苷

目的:本研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,建立同时测定参麦注射液中人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rf,Rc,Rd,Rb1,Rb2,Ro和麦冬皂苷D的分析方法。方法:本实验应用Thermo BDS Hypersil C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm),柱温30℃。以乙腈(A)-0.02%醋酸溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL·min-1,以电喷雾离子源选择反应监测(SRM)方式正离子模式分别检测离子对m/z 823.5→643.75(人参皂苷Rg1),m/z 969.4→789.46(人参皂苷Re),m/z 823.6→371.94(人参皂苷Rf),m/z 1101.7→343.17(人参皂苷Rc),m/z 969.4→789.46(人参皂苷Rd),m/z 1131→371.80(人参皂苷Rb1),m/z 1101.7→343.35(人参皂苷Rb2),m/z 979.7→641.65(人参皂苷Ro);负离子模式检测离子对m/z 889.4→853.67(麦冬皂苷D)。结果:本法专属性良好,各成分均能达到有效分离,线性关系良好(r>0.99),人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rf,Rc,Rd,Rb1,Rb2,Ro和麦冬皂苷D最低定量限分别为0.03、0.003、0.3、0.03、0.003、0.03、0.03、5、3 ng·mL-1,回收率均在97.10%¹02.14%范围内,重复进样精密度均小于2.63%(RSD)。讨论:与文献中报道方法相比,本方法快速、灵敏度高、准确性好、重复性好,可以对参麦注射液中含量差异较大的四类皂苷类成分进行同时定量,能够用于参麦注射液的含量测定和质量控制。     

从热毒湿瘀虚辨治小儿IgA肾病

IgA肾病病理机制复杂,热邪为IgA肾病诱发和加重的始动因素,湿毒内蕴是IgA肾病关键病机,瘀血为IgA肾病病理基础,气阴两虚为IgA肾病的根本病机。设立总治则为祛邪扶正,常用治疗方法有清热解毒、清热利湿、活血化瘀、益气养阴。     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Three novel C-glycosidic ellagitannins, rhoipteleanins H, I, and J, from rhoiptelea chiliantha

Three novel C-glycosidic ellagitannins named rhoipteleanins H (1), I (2), and J (3) were isolated from the fruits and bark of Rhoiptelea chiliantha Diels et Hand.-Mazz. (Rhoipteleaceae), and the structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Rhoipteleanin H possesses a unique cyclopentenone carboxyl moiety, which is probably formed by oxidation and subsequent rearrangement of an aromatic ring of a usual C-glycosidic ellagitannin. Rhoipteleanin I is the first ellagitannin having a hydroxynaphthalene glucoside moiety. Rhoipteleanin J is a dimeric ellagitannin generated by dehydrative coupling between two molecules of a monomeric C-glycosidic ellagitannin and subsequent oxidation of an aromatic ring. From a chemotaxonomic viewpoint, presence of these characteristic ellagitannins in this plant provides a further support for the establishment of the order Rhoipteleales comprising Rhoipteleaceae as the only family.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.