MSCT术前评价复杂性先天性心脏病伴随的肺静脉异位引流的价值

目的评价MSCT对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析35例经外科手术证实的肺静脉异位引流患者的临床和影像检查资料。以术中所见作为参考标准,评价MSCT、经胸超声心动(TTE)和心导管造影检查对肺静脉异位引流患者的诊断准确性。同时评估异位引流肺静脉的形态。结果 35例肺静脉异位引流患者中有25例为复杂性肺静脉异位引流,10例为单纯性肺静脉异位引流。MSCT正确诊断了所有肺静脉异位引流的患者,单纯性和复杂性肺静脉异位引流患者中MSCT与外科结果的一致性均为100%。心导管造影检查未能诊断5例复杂性肺静脉异位引流,单纯性和复杂性肺静脉异位引流患者中心导管造影与外科结果的一致性分别为100%和75%。TTE检查中有9例与外科结果不符,其中8例为复杂性肺静脉异位引流,单纯性和复杂性肺静脉异位引流患者中TTE与外科结果的一致性分别为90%和68%。在单纯性肺静脉异位引流中,MSCT和TTE(χ2=0.48,P=0.52)、MSCT和心导管(χ2=1.07,P=0.30)诊断一致性的差异均无统计学意义。在复杂性肺静脉异位引流中,MSCT和TTE(χ2=7.29,P=0.007)、MSCT和心导管(χ2=4.73...     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值

目的 研究16层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)及其三维重建在先天性心脏病(简称先心病)肺静脉异位引流中的应用价值.方法 对12例手术证实的异位引流肺静脉干38支进行分析,所有病例均行MSCT增强扫描,随后在工作站进行三维重建,并与12例经胸超声心动(TTE)及心血管造影(CAG)结果进行对比.结果 手术证实异位引流肺静脉干38支,其中完全型异位引流肺静脉干32支,其中心上型24支、心内型8支,部分型异位引流肺静脉干6支,其中心上型3支、心内型3支.MSCTA、TTE、CAG诊断准确率分别为100%、81.6%、97.4%,MSCTA及CAG诊断准确率与TTE诊断准确率有显著性差异(χ2=7.71,P<0.01)、(χ2=5.03,P<0.05),MSCTA与CAG诊断准确率无显著性差异(χ2=1.01,P>0.05).结论 MSCTA及其三维重建对先心病异位引流肺静脉诊断与CAG诊断无显著性差异,是一种很好的无创检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在小儿肺静脉畸形引流诊断中的价值

目的　探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对小儿肺静脉畸形引流的诊断价值。方法　对20例MSCT诊断为小儿肺静脉畸形引流的病例进行回顾性分析。年龄11d至12岁,MSCT采用对比增强容积扫描,层厚1 250mm,层间距0 625mm,均行多平面重建(MPR)、薄层最大密度投影(STS MIP)、容积再现(VR)及表面阴影成像法(SSD)重建。所有病例均行超声心动图(US)检查,其中12例行心血管造影(CAG)检查, 14例尚有手术结果对照。结果　MSCT诊断完全型肺静脉畸形引流9例,部分型肺静脉畸形引流11例。心上型5例、心脏型10例、心下型4例、混合型1例。MSCT均清晰显示异常连接肺静脉的数目、分布和位置。CAG漏诊3例,US漏诊10例。14例有手术对照者,MSCT对肺静脉畸形引流的定性、定位诊断全部正确。结论　MSCT较常规CAG及US可明显提高小儿肺静脉畸形引流的检出率,对本病有重要的诊断价值。     

先天性心脏病房室大血管连接畸形的电子束CT诊断

目的　探讨电子束CT(EBT)对先天性心脏病 (先心病 )房室大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。方法　经手术及造影证实的 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病 ,均经EBT和超声心动图及彩色多普勒血流检查。 9例经心血管造影检查 ,8例有手术结果。以手术、造影结果的诊断为标准 ,分析EBT对房、室与大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。结果　 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病中肺动脉闭锁 7例 ,完全性大动脉转位 1例 ,部分型大动脉转位 3例 ,右室双出口 1例 ,部分型肺静脉异位引流 3例 ,完全性肺静脉异位引流 1例。EBT正确诊断 15例 ,误诊 1例 ,诊断准确率为 93 .8%,另将别的畸形过多诊断成此类疾病 3例。超声心动图正确诊断 11例 ,准确率 68.8%。EBT优于超声心动图 ,但二者无统计学差异 ( χ2 =3 .2 82 ,Ρ >0 .0 5 )。结论　EBT对先心病房室大血管连接畸形的诊断较超声心动图有一定优势 ,对于部分型肺静脉异位引流等病例甚至优于心血管造影检查     

16层螺旋CT在肺静脉异位引流的诊断应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值.方法 对18例16层螺旋CT诊断为肺静脉异位引流病例进行回顾性分析,对其中12例手术患者进行手术结果与超声心动图(US)、16层螺旋CT对比.16层螺旋CT采用对比增强容积扫描,于工作站进行多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR).结果 16层螺旋CT诊断完全型肺静脉异位引流(TAPVD)10例,其中心上型7例、心脏型2例及心下型1例.部分型肺静脉异位引流(PAPVD)8例,心脏型5例,心上型3例.与手术结果对照,16层螺旋CT对肺静脉异位引流及其并发畸形诊断准确性高于US.结论 16层螺旋CT能够准确诊断肺静脉异位引流及其合并畸形,有重要的临床应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT在小儿先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT在小儿先天性心脏病(CHD)诊断中的临床应用.方法 采用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对20例CHD患儿进行检查,患者平均年龄1岁10个月(1 d～7岁7个月),所有患儿均行超声心动图检查,3例患儿行心血管造影检查.对患儿的影像学检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 20例CHD中肺动脉吊带2例,主动脉弓褶叠1例,主动脉缩窄4例,主动脉弓离断2例,左、右肺动脉缺如4例,左肺动脉起始处狭窄及部分性肺静脉异位引流4例,单纯型动脉导管未闭(PDA)1例,主动脉窦瘤1例.结论 MSCT可以清晰显示CHD的病理解剖形态,特别是对主动脉、肺动脉及肺静脉畸形的显示具有明显优势,是一种可靠的CHD影像学诊断方法.     

64层螺旋CT对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值

目的 探讨肺静脉异位引流的64层螺旋CT及后处理图像征象,以提高对该病的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析16例先天性肺静脉异位引流患者的64层螺旋CT图像在工作站进行多半面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等后处理资料,观察异位引流肺静脉的位置、形态、其异位连接(心腔或静脉)以及合并的心脏畸形,并对8例行手术治疗病例的CT诊断、超声心动图检查与手术结果进行比较.结果 64层螺旋CT诊断完全性肺静脉异位引流8例,其中心上型5例,心内型3例;部分性肺静脉异位引流8例,其中心上型4例,心内型4例.8例手术病例CT诊断与手术结果完全相符.结论 64层螺旋CT在诊断肺静脉异位引流中具有重要作用,是肺静脉异位引流的有效、无创检查方法.     

心血管造影、磁共振成像与经胸超声对先天性胸内大血管畸形的诊断价值比较

目的比较心血管造影(CAG)、磁共振成像(MRI)、经胸超声(TTE)对先天性胸内大血管畸形(CAITGV)的诊断价值。方法对沈阳军区总医院1993—1998年期间132例经手术证实的CAITGV病人的MRI,TTE,CAG的诊断结果进行分析。结果132例患者经手术证实有98例共119处畸形,包括主动脉瓣上狭窄(2处),先天性主动脉窦瘤破裂(13处)、主动脉弓离断(7处)、主动脉弓缩窄(15处)、主动脉弓闭锁(2处)、动脉导管未闭(54处)、主肺动脉隔缺损(4处)、完全性肺静脉异位引流(9处)、冠状动脉心室瘘(13处)。MRI诊断的灵敏度为97.5%,特异度为97.1%;TTE诊断的灵敏度为83.2%,特异度为100%;CAG诊断的灵敏度为98.1%,特异度为100%。MRI对CAITGV的灵敏度优于TTE(P<0.05),而与CAG相当(P>0.05)。MRI在主动脉弓畸形、完全性肺静脉异位引流等畸形的细节解剖显示上可以弥补CAG和TTE的不足。结论MRI可以清晰地显示各种CAITGV病理解剖及其畸形部位,若辅以TTE检查,可以作为一种可靠、实用的无创性方法,能补充CAG检查的不足,对主动脉弓离断、主动脉弓缩窄、主动脉弓闭锁、完全性肺静脉异位引流等可取代有创性的CAG检查。因此MRI可作为各种CAITGV术前诊断的首选检查方法。     

心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的影像诊断(附2例报告)

目的探讨心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流(心上型TAPVC)的影像学诊断。方法回顾性分析2例经手术证实的心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的心脏X线片,超声心动图及1例心血管造影的影像表现,并结合文献探讨心上型TAPVC的影像诊断。结果2例X线表现为肺充血,心脏呈“8”字型,右房右室增大;彩色超声心动图显示右房右室增大,ASD,畸形垂直静脉与增粗的左无名静脉相通;1例心血管造影见造影剂经畸形的共同肺静脉通过垂直静脉流入左无名静脉再流回右心房,并见房间隔缺损(ASD)。结论心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的影像学表现有特异性,影像学检查能确诊本病。     

部分性肺静脉异位引流多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值

目的：探讨MSCT对部分性肺静脉异位引流（PSPVC）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术或心导管造影确诊的PAPVC患者的MSCT及后处理重组影像资料。结果：MSCT血管成像对5例PAPVC均做出正确诊断,包括2例心上型,2例心内型,1例心下型;发生部位均为右侧肺静脉,其中右上肺静脉4支,右下肺静脉3支;4例患者存在肺动脉高压表现;1例合并右位降主动脉及胸椎畸形。5例患者均出现不同程度的右心房及右心室增大。结论：MSCT能够对PAPVC作出准确诊断,可作为该病的首选检查方法。     

Role of MDCT angiography in the preoperative evaluation of anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with complex cardiac abnormality

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in patients with APVC associated with complex cardiac abnormality.

Materials and methods

The clinical and imaging data of 39 patients with APVC confirmed by surgery were retrospectively reviewed. According to accompanied cardiac malformations, patients with APVC were classified as isolated and complex group. Using surgical findings as the reference standard, diagnostic agreement of MDCT, TTE (transthoracic echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization for detection of APVC were calculated.

Results

At surgery, 27 patients were considered as complex APVCs. MDCT correctly diagnosed APVC in all patients and the diagnostic agreements between MDCT and surgery were both 100% in isolated and complex groups. All 5 APVCs which could not be detected at cardiac catheterization were in complex group, and the diagnostic agreements were 100% and 76.2% in isolated and complex groups, respectively. At TTE, eight of nine disagreed patients were complex cases. The diagnostic agreements of TTE were 91.7% and 66.7% in isolated and complex groups, respectively. The dysmorphic pulmonary veins were identified in 11 patients by MDCT.

Conclusions

MDCT is superior to catheterization and TTE in evaluation of APVC associated with complex cardiac defects.     

双源CT对先天性心脏病肺静脉异常连接的诊断价值

目的：探讨双源CT（DSCT）在先天性心脏病肺静脉异常连接（APVC）中的诊断价值。方法：35例患者中男25例,女12例。22例经手术证实,对DSCT诊断APVC类型进行分析。结果：双源CT诊断APVC的符合率为100%（22/22）,对伴发畸形的诊断符合率为90.9%（20/22）。DSCT诊断完全型APVC 20例57.1%（20/35）,最常见异常连接血管为上腔静脉48.9%（23/47）、垂直静脉42.6%（20/47）,多数存在伴发畸形95%（19/20）,房间隔缺损最常见52.6%（10/19）。DSCT诊断部分型APVC 42.9%（15/35）,最常见异常连接为右肺静脉连接至右心房占51.6%（16/31）,多数存在伴发畸形86.7%（13/15）,房间隔缺损最常见46.2%（6/13）。结论：DSCT可以满足APVC的诊断。     

先天性心脏病复杂畸形的影像学诊断

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT、超声心动图以及心血管造影三种影像学方法在先天性心脏病复杂畸形诊断中的优选应用。方法：对50例患有先天性心脏病复杂畸形的患者术前均行多层螺旋CT、超声心动图以及心血管造影检查,检查后行心脏外科手术治疗,以手术后所得到的诊断结果为对照,并计算其诊断的准确率。将三种检查方法所得到的诊断准确率分别进行统计学分析。结果：手术证实畸形共149处,其中心内畸形66处,心外畸形83处。多层螺旋CT（MSCT）、超声心动图（UCG）和心血管造影（CAG）对心内畸形诊断的准确率分别为97.0%、100%和98.5%,三者诊断准确率差异无显著性意义（χ^2.098,P〉0.05）;MSCT、UCG和CAG对心外畸形诊断准确率分别为92.8%、78.3%和97.6%,MSCT和CAG诊断准确率明显高于UCG（χ^21.58,P〈0.01和χ^2.08,P〈0.05）,MSCT与CAG之间诊断率差异无显著性意义（χ^2.37,P〉0.05）。MSCT与UCG联合可提高诊断准确率至98.7%。结论：MSCT在心外血管结构的显示上较UCG有优势,而UCG对心内结构的评价更准确;MSCT与UCG的联合应用可提高小儿先天性心脏病诊断准确率;但对显示体-肺侧支,肺血管特别是外围血管的发育,测量心脏及大动脉内压力等,目前仍需依靠有创性的心血管造影。     

钼靶和MSCT在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨X线钼靶及其与MSCT联合应用在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析72例经手术或穿刺病理证实为乳腺癌患者的钼靶及MSCT的影像资料。结果:钼靶摄片及其与MSCT联合应用对乳腺癌检出的正确率分别为78%和92%。结论:钼靶X线摄影可以作为乳腺疾病的常规和首选检查方法,联合MSCT检查,可以明显提高乳腺癌诊断的正确率。     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建诊断急性肠梗阻病因的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建对急性肠梗阻病因的诊断价值。资料与方法对83例临床疑似肠梗阻的患者，运用多层螺旋CT扫描行多平面重建成像，并将其诊断结果与手术、病理进行对照。结果83例中66例手术，对照手术病理，多层螺旋CT诊断肠梗阻的准确率为100％，肠梗阻病因诊断正确率84．8％，包括：肠道肿瘤24例，粘连性肠梗阻17例，肠扭转6例，肠系膜血管栓塞2例，胆石性肠梗阻6例，粪石性肠梗阻3例，脐疝2例，腹股沟疝3例，阑尾炎2例，腹腔脓肿1例。结论多层螺旋CT扫描多平面重建成像能更清晰地显示急性肠梗阻病变，提高了CT对急性肠梗阻病因的诊断能力。     

核素心肌灌注显像与64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉疾病的对比研究

目的 对比分析心肌灌注显像（MPI）与64层螺旋CT（MSCT）对冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的诊断价值.方法 对52例可疑和确诊CAD患者（疑诊43例,确诊9例）进行MPI检查,并均在1个月内行冠状动脉造影（CAG）和64层MSCT检查.MPI结果分析采用17节段5分制,获得运动负荷显像灌注总积分和静息显像灌注总积分,两者差值大于1为心肌缺血,判断为阳性.MSCT结果主要以冠状动脉或其主要分支中至少有1支血管管腔狭窄≥50%判定为阳性.以CAG结果为诊断CAD的＂金标准＂.采用SPSS 13.0软件,用Kappa值检验2种方法结果的一致性,两样本率的比较采用配对资料x2检验.结果 MPI和MSCT诊断CAD的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为86.7%（26/30）、77.3%（17/22）、83.9%（26/31）、81.0%（17/21）、82.7%（43/52）和83.3%（25/30）、86.4%（19/22）、89.3%（25/28）、79.2%（19/24）、84.6%（44/52）;MPI和MSCT对病变血管检出的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别是74.5%（38/51）、81.0%（85/105）、65.5%（38/58）、86.7%（85/98）、78.8%（123/156）和90.2%（46/51）、88.6%（93/105）、79.3%（46/58）、94.9%（93/98）、89.1%（139/156）,2种方法诊断CAD和病变血管差异均无统计学意义（x2=0.44和0.21,P均＞0.05）.MSCT评价病变血管轻度、中度和高度狭窄的灵敏度分别为76.5%（13/17）,78.3%（18/23）和89.6%（43/48）.MPI和MSCT诊断CAD的效能相近,Kappa值为0.64（＜0.75）.25例2种方法均阳性患者,96.0%（24/25）确诊为CAD;18例均阴性的患者,83.3%（15/18）可排除CAD.结论 MPI和MSCT均为筛选、诊断CAD的重要无创检查手段,但信息互补,不可替换.     

Do risk factors influence the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography?

Background  Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a relatively new noninvasive imaging modality in the evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether diagnostic accuracy is influenced by gender or risk factors for CAD is currently unknown and was evaluated in this study. Methods and Results  In 197 patients (171 men and 26 women; mean age, 60 ± 11 years) 16-slice MSCT was performed and compared with invasive coronary angiography at 2 different centers (Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands). Diagnostic accuracy for the detection of 50% luminal narrowing or greater was calculated for all patients combined, as well as for patients with known versus suspected CAD. In addition, diagnostic accuracy was determined in men versus women and in different subsets of patients based on the presence of risk factors for CAD including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Only segments with a diameter of 2.0 mm or greater were evaluated, whereas smaller segments and stents were excluded from the analysis. Overall, a sensitivity and specificity of 99% and 86%, respectively, on a patient level were demonstrated, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values of 95% and 96%, respectively. Similar values were observed in the different subsets of patients, with no statistical differences. Conclusion  These findings confirm the high diagnostic accuracy of MSCT, regardless of gender or risk factors. This work was financially supported by The Netherlands Heart Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands (grants 2002B105 and 2001D032).     

Diagnostic accuracy of multislice CT angiography in peripheral arterial disease

A systematic search of the PubMed and Medline databases of English literature was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of multislice computed tomographic (CT; MSCT) angiography in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Studies comparing MSCT angiography with DSA in peripheral vascular disease were included, and the diagnostic value of MSCT angiography in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy was compared and analyzed. Ten studies (19 comparisons) met the criteria and were included for analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 92%, 91%, and 91%, respectively, at all arterial levels; 92%, 94%, and 93%, respectively, at aortoiliac arteries; 96%, 85%, and 92%, respectively, at femoropopliteal arteries; and 91%, 85%, and 87%, respectively, at infrapopliteal arteries. A significant difference was found in the sensitivity of MSCT angiography in PAD between four-slice CT and 16-slice CT, between aortoiliac and femoropopliteal arterial segments, and between femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arterial segments (P<.05). This review demonstrates that MSCT angiography has a high diagnostic value and could be a reliable alternative to DSA in the diagnosis of PAD.     

Multi-slice spiral CT in routine diagnosis of suspected acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a prospective study of 120 patients

This prospective study evaluated the use of multi-slice CT (MSCT) for detection of clinically suspected left-sided colonic diverticulitis with regard to diagnosis, complications and alternative diagnoses. One hundred twenty patients with clinically suspected acute left-colonic diverticulitis underwent MSCT of the lower abdomen with IV contrast after rectal application of iodic contrast. The MSCT results were compared with histopathological and intraoperative findings or other radiological or endoscopic methods and clinical outcome. Acute diverticulitis was proven in 67 of the 120 (55.8%) patients, which was detected by MSCT with an accuracy of 98% (sensitivity 97%, specificity 98%). Contained perforation or abscess formation were detected with an accuracy of 96% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91%) and 98% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%), respectively. In 31 of 120 (25.8%) patients diagnoses other than diverticulitis caused abdominal pain, which was correctly diagnosed by MSCT in 71%. The MSCT as well as other concurrently performed diagnostic methods showed normal findings and no causes for the patients symptoms in 22 of the 120 (18.4%) patients. Multi-slice CT is reliable in detecting diverticulitis, including extracolic complications, and often reveals other diagnoses; therefore, MSCT is recommended as standard diagnostic procedure in suspected acute diverticulitis.